Volume Title: International Migrations, Volume I: Statistics. Volume URL:

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1 This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: International Migrations, Volume I: Statistics Volume Author/Editor: Walter F Willcox Volume Publisher: NBER Volume ISBN: Volume URL: Publication Date: 99 Chapter Title: Statistics of Migrations, National Tables, Rumania, Serb, Croat and Slovene State, Turkey, Palestine Chapter Author: Walter F Willcox Chapter URL: Chapter pages in book: (p )

2 RUMANIA 875 RUMANIA In a letter of January 5,96, the Director-General of the National Statistical Department gave information about Rumanian pre-war adgration statistics He wrote: "Aside from the stream of emigration to America, which took place among the Jewish population in 90 and 904, the migration question did not exist in Rumania before the war, and, so far as we know, migration statistics were not published concerning this event" In pursuance of an Order of the Minister of Labour, issued in agreement with the Minister of the Interior, frontier stations have been instructed since 90 to compile migration statistics These statistics cover continental and intercontinental emigration and immigration of citizen and alien wage earners, but exclude persons visiting or leaving the country for business purposes Statistics about the number of migrants from Rumania to Palestine (9-4), Argentina (9-4), Brazil (908-4), Canada (900-4), Cuba (9-4) and the United States (880-94) will be found in the national tables for those countries Statistics about the number of migrants returning to Rumania from the United States (908-4) will be found in the national tables for the latter country TABLE INTERCONTINENTAL EMIG RATION AND 90-4' IMMIGRATION OF CITIZIBNS, Emigrants Immigrants Emigrants Immigrants ,000,058 6,8,500,546, ,7, TABLE II INTERCONTINENTAL EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION OF CITIZENS, BY COUNTRY OF FUTURE OR LAST RESIDENCE, 9-4 America Argentina Arznenia Australia Brazil Canada Egypt Palestine Persia Total Emigrants Immigrants , ,94 4,656 66, , ,8,7,05, For reference notes see page 87

3 876 INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION STATISTICS TABLE IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION OF ALIEN WORKERS, Immigrants Emigrants Immigrants Emigrants ,000 5,74,60 0,000 9,99, ,0 9,888 7,97 7,48 TABLE IV CONTINENTAL IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION OF ALIEN WORKERS, BY COUNTRY OF LAST OR FUTURE RESIDENCE, Country Immigrants 9 9 Emigrants Albania Germany Austria Belgium Bulgaria Spain France British Isles Greece Hungary Italy Netherlands, Poland Portugal Russia Switzerland Czechoslovakia Turkey Serb-Croat- Slovene State , ,4, ,7 59,45 8,56 78,609 9,69,797 5,8 58 4, j , , ,0, , Total,559',0,69 7,97 7,48 For reference notes see page 877

4 RUMANIA 877 TABLE V DISTRIBUTION OF EMIGRANTS, BY OCCUPATION, 9-4 Agricultural workers: Superintending staff General laborers Industrial workers: Superintending staff Skilled workers: Iron workers Wood workers Food-industry workers Clothing-industry workers Building-trade workers Miners Employees: In industry and trade (office and shop employees, etc) Domestic service and general labor: Servants, governesses, nurses, etc Unskilled workers Total Occupation 9 94 salesmen, 94, ,660 07, , , 0,5 TABLE OF ThIMIGRANTS, BY OCCUPATION, 9-4 Agricultural wprkers: Superintending staff General labor Industrial workers: Superintending staff Skilled workers Occupation ,77 8 4, Iron workers Wood workers Food-industry workers,6 6 Clothing-industry workers Building-trade workers Miners 7 6 Employees: In industry and trade (office and shop employees, salesmen, etc) Domestic service and general labor: ServaMs, governesses, nurses, etc Unskilled workers Total 90 69, lop 5 4,08,88 0,86 SOURCE Information supplied by the Government NOTES 'Including aliens Zlnduding citizens total does not correspond with that given in table III 9 the figures represent industrial unskilled labor

5 878 INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION STATISTICS SERB, GROAT AND SLOVENE STATE I PEE-WAR SERBIA The following explanation is made about the figures in tables I to III "The Serbian police authorities keep registers of persons who cross the frontiers These registers are utilised by the statistical department for the purpose of preparing comparative tables to discover whether there is an excess of emigrants over immigrants or the reverse" Moreover, no precise data are available about migration on the side of Austria-Hungary during the years 860 to 86 and so the data about migration on the side of Turkey and Rumania have been ignored Only the principal data concerning the three frontiers have been retained II SERB, GROAT AND SLOVENE STATE The emigration statistics are based on the contracts of emigrants with transport companies Statistics about the number of pro-war migrants from the area now included in the Serb, Groat and Slovene State to the United States and also about the number of pre-war migrants returning from that country can be approximated by combining certain racial statistics of migration into and out from the the ]atter country They are shown in tables XIII and XIV

6 PRE-WAR SERBIA TABLE L PASSENGERS INWARD AND OUTWARD, BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN OR DESTINATION, Total Austria-Hungary I Turkey Rumania Balance Balance Balance Balance inward inward inward inward Inward Outward (+) or Inward Outward (+) or Inward Outward (+) or Inward Outward (+) or outward outward outward outward 0 C ) ( ) ( ) ,04 97, +,70 56,6 56, 04 7,408 5,90 +,488 5,40 5, ,785 09,860 +5,95 65,54 64, ,694 8,67 +5,0 6,550 6,0 +0 H 86 7,58 75,00,76 4,54 46,55 5,99 7,569,80 +,767 4,5 4, ,09 7,0 +7,098 45,4 6,60 +8,5 0,988,55,67, ,687 68,0 +,584 44,907 6,87 +8,50 0,090 7,4 +,948 4,690 4, ,85 80,8 +4,04 48,558 46,79 +,87,0 8,769 *,54 4,804 4, ,86 00, ,95 65,99,068 8,75 7,59 +,59 7,40 7, ,05 99,64 4,9 55,886 6,477 5,59,878,65 +,7 6,7 6, ,9 95,6 +9,560 57,756 50,775 +6,98 4,005 7,98 +,087 6,6 6, a ,68 89,4 +8,54 50,657 48,07 +,460 4,7 5,84 +5,t 5,864 5, , 95,69 +,75 49,497 47,44 +,056 4,49 4,7 48 5,475 5, ,5 0,805,84 49,54 50,96,84 44,09 4, ,960 7, ,594 07,69,775 50,969 54,578,609 44,9 44, ,704 8, ,6 0, ,64 60,8 -,740 5,95 50,496 +,455 9,768 9, ,847 06,087 +5,760 54,79 54, ,4 9,858 +5,84,6, ,55 78,77 +4,48 6,680 7, ,056 9,06 +5,995,59 _, Total,548,69,497, +5,7 89,55 89,9 +0, 608,86 567,99 +40,868 09,956 0, Annual average 96,77 9,577 +,96 5,847 5, ,054 5,500 +,554 6,87 6,875 oc cc

7 880 INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION STATISTICS TABLE CITIZEN PASSENGERS OUTWARD AND INWARD ACROSS THE FRONTIER, Outward Balance (+) Outward Inward Balance outward ( ) or inward (+) ,664 94,074 5,65 49,665 6,49 50,067 8,05 5,6 7,096,96 57,78 9,4 47,0 48,64 59,45 4,89 4,958 50,9 5,4,980 4,96,940 4,5,0,84 7,76,47 45,685 7, ,7 5,66 9,086 84,675 75,55 87,476 7,6 66,400 69,4 6,05 96,7 7,09 8,95 75,69 68,86 78,875 6,078 49,46 55,4 5,587 7,584 +,648 8,89 9,06 7,49 8,60 0,544 6,974 4,9 8,48 TABLE II ALLEN PASSENGERS INWARD AND OUTWARD ACROSS THE FRONTIER, BY NATIONALITY, ' Total Austro-Hungarian Bulgarian Balance Ialance Balance inward inward inward Inward Outward (+) or outward ( ) Inward Outward (+) or outward ( ) Inward Outward (+) or outward , ,9 05;8 08, ,075 8,407 6,47, ,48 5,85 +5,4,844 05, ,886 6,7 5,05,8 89 6,898 54, ,94 4,756,80,576 8,487 7,94,9 89 8,607 77,594 5, ,69 +,069 7,700 6, ,6 94, ,80 57,57,9 7,69 6,408, ,555 8,06 47,99 4,58 6, , ,70 7,985 4,745 9,006 5,676,0 7,88 7, ,76 07,684 + R,49 57,84 55,4,590 0, ,8 897,89 08,98 +,846 6, ,5 0,96 9,778 ±, ,476 60,8 +8,58 0,60 0,04 8,576, 9,79, ,5 46,805 +5,76 96,45 89,8 + 6,60,89,67, ,669 0, ,909 4,74 4,89 95,70,559, ,77 40,9 + 6, ,94 +,5 0,9 8,9 +, ,4 8,9 +7, 77,5 66,46 +0,65 7,840 5,806 ±, ,679 +0, ,79,679 7,679 6, ,658 4,9 +8,59 69,0 6,44 6,86 6,687 4,444,4 905,64 97,874 +,490 8,98'),0,485 9,58, ,95 99,4 + 8, , ,45 4, ,840 05,58 +5,58 7,940 9,,8,88 9,68, I 9,0 96,5 5,9,707 6,00 4,6 0,90 +,96

8 Refugees CROAT AND SLOVENE STATE 88 TABLE IlL ALIEN PASSENGERS INWARD AND OUTWARD ACROSS THE FRONTIER, BY NATIONALITY, (continued) Turkish Rumanian Montenegrin Balance Balance Balance inward inward inward Inward Outward (+) or Inward Outward (+) or Inward Outward (+) or outward outward outward ( ) ( ) 889, ,0,90, , , ,55 0, ,880, ,667 0,994 7,04, ,08, , ,09,888, ,005 4,08, ,99,6 +,70,50,7, ,949 4, , ,457 6,50 +,594, ,4 8,65 +,798, ,77 0,47 +,0, , 8,55 ±,576,567,5 ± ± ,8 9, ,59, ,8 6,544 +,694,90,6 + 9, , ,6 5,67 +,960,57,59 +, ,54 40,569 +4, , , ,4,8 + 6, ,98 7,709 +, ,65 0, , =, , Greek Other nationalities I Balance Balance Balance inward inward inward Inward Outward (+) or Inward Outward (+) or Inward Outward (+) or outward outward outward ( ) ( ) 889, ,07 0, ,95 +, ,449,7 +,77 4,0 9 +4, ,69 0,948 +,74,49 +,490 89,79,48,58,69 +, ,509 6,5 +, , ,50 4, ,79 5, ,470 5,907 +,56, ,94 4,8 +, ,7 8, +,75,56 5 +, ,5,4 +,89,50 7 +, ,4 8,87 +59,45 5 +,0 90,50,5 5,74,68 59,49 5 +,097 90,8, ,65 6, ,75 5,65 +, ,48,08 +, ,47 57,45 +, , 50,06 +, ,50 44,740 +7, ,98 0,047,

9 SERB, CROAT AND SLOVENE STATE TABLE IV ThSTRrnUTION OF CITIZEN EMIGRANTS TO EXTRA-EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, BY SEX AND AGE, ' Total 9 5,988,965 6,086 9,70 7,8 Sex Age Males Females 5,0,87 5,77,587 7,86,4,65 5,65 Up to 8 years 9-0 years -50 years 5 years and over Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females, ,99 - I 400, ,04, 4,90,47,47,06,849,49,77,588,968 -,9 87, , TABLE V DISTRIBUTI0N OF CITIZEN EMIGRANTS TO ExTRA-EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, BY OCCUPATION AND SEX, 9-4 Skilled workers Unskilled workers Farmers Liberal professions 'No occupation, children, women, old persons i'vlales I Males Females Males I Males I I Females Males Females I ,477,66 5 I 8,70 I 7,44 ' ,604 I,045, ,866 J, I I 77 06,58,8 I I 84,475,6 For reference notes see page 87 :: 0 Females Females

10 TABLE OF CITIZEN EMIGRANTS TO EXTRA-EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, BY RACE Ofl PEOPLE, Serbs, Croats and Slovenes 9,56 4,880 5,698 8,55 Bulgarians Other Slav races Germans 594 '760, 4,9 Hungarians Rumanians Albanians ,69 4, Other races TABLE VII INTERCONTINENTAL EMIGRATION OF CITIZENS, BY COUNTRY OF DESTINATION, Total United States ,988 5,474,965,46 6,086 5,46 9,70 4,0 7,8,5 Canada South New Lustralia Africa Zealand I I,94,76 98 tina Brazil Chile Uruguay '- r 5 7 I Other I South countries Other countries 9 For reference notes see page 887 CD C z C ( H H J I I

11 884 INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION STATISTICS TABLE VIJI INnILC0NTINENTAL IMMIGRATION OF CITIZENS, Immigrants Tm migrants Immigrants ,4 8, ,6 6, ,98 5,59 TABLE IX DISTRIBUTI0N OF ALIEN EMIGRANTS, BY SEX AND AGE, 94 Age i'otal Males Females Total Up to 9 to 0 8 years years to 50 5 years years and over, , TABLE X DISTRIBUTION OF ALIEN EMIGRANTS TO EXTRA-EUROPEA& COUNTRIES, BY OCCUPATION AND SEX, 94 Occupation Total Males Females Total Skilled workers Unskilled workers Farmers Liberal professions No occupation, children, old persons, women For reference notes see page 887, ,

12 TABLE XJ EMIGRATION OF ALIENS (MOSTLY EX-NATIONALS), BY COUNTRY OF DESTINATION, 9-4 Total Canada Australia 9,0 94,7,5 5 0 New Zealand, 8 Brazil Chile Uruguay 599 Other South American countries 6 Other countries 0 TABLE XII IMMIGRATION OF ALIENS (MOSTLY EX-NATIONALS), BY COUNTRY OF LAST RESIDENCE, 9-4 Total United States British Empire South America ,056, z w H H J

13 TABLE XIIL IMMIGRATION FROM YUGOSLAVIA (oa OF YUGOSLAVS) INTO EXTRA-EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, BY COUNTRY OF 00 DESTINATION, 00 I Cuba United States Argentina Brazil Canada Yugoslavs from Bulgarian, Croatian Dalmatian, Commonwealth of H Serbian and and Bosnian and Total Australia Yugoslavia Montenegrin Slovenian Herzegovithan z ,6 67 9, , ,06 H ,98 7 9,7 90,9 0,,004, ,479,907,76 4, ,577,4, ,8 5,04,69 7, ,548 44,7 4, ,74 47,86 7,9 8, ,46 0,47,747 4, ,4 0,8,888 8, ,0 9,56 4,9 59, , 8,98 4,400,604 H ,657 4,66,67 8, ,087 4,499 4,50 56, ,084 7,84 5,49 57, ,506, ,75 96,75 7, , , , w ,888 H , ,047 5 C 9, , ,959 7, ,85,9 For reference notes see page 887

14 SERB, GROAT AND SLOVENE STATE 887 TABLE XIV DISTRIBUTION (if EMIGRANTS TO YUGOSrAAVIA (OR OF THE UNITED STATES, EY RACE OR PEOPLE, YUGOSLAVS) FItOM Total Bulgarian, Serbian and Montenegrin Croatian and Slovenian Dalmafian, Bosnian and Herzegovinian ' ,600,95 0,85,4,9 4,58,098 4, ,97 8,474,04 9,7,064,99,965,4,70 6,47 7,49,5 5,780, ,4 8,589 9,04 7,,7,96 0,09 4,440, , SOURCES Stalistique c/c itt kscrbw Vol XL (Published by the Statistical Department of the Ministry of Finance) Belgrade, 88 Table I Conference internationale de l'emigration et c/c l'imniigration (Published by the Etalian Commissariat-General of Emigration) Rome, 94, vol I, p 47 Tables II, V (years 99-0) Information supplied by the Government Tables II-XII (years 9-4) NOTES 'From the constitution of the Kingdom to the end of 99 P'roni 99 migrants of Bulgarian, Sen'ian and Montenegrin, likewise of Croattati and Stovenian race; from 90 to 94 migrants from or to the Serb-Croat-Sjovene State Fisca! years

15 888 INTERNATIONAL MIGRAT ION STATISTICS TURKEY As no direct migration statistics are available for this country, and as the immigration and emigration statistics of other countries to which citizens of Turkey have gone throw some light upon migrations from and back to Turkey, but for this purpose need to be combined, two tables of indirect migration statistics for Turkey have been introduced

16 -TABLE INDIRECT STATESTICS IMMIGRATION FROM TURKEY (OR OF Thaas) INTO EXTRA-EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, United States Turkey in Europe United States Turkey in Europe United States Turkey in Europe United States Turkey in Europe United States Turkey in Europe H 00

17 TABLE I JiwinEcr STATISTICS IMMIGRATION FROM TURKEY (OR OF TURKS) INTO EXTRA-EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, (continued) United States United States Argentina Brazil Argentina Brazil Turkey in Turkey in All Turkey in I Turkey in I All Europe Asia Turkey Europe Asia Turkey Z II H II 864 Ii 88) z H 867 6, H H ) 06,6, H I

18 Brazil Cuba United States Canada ifli 4 S 7 L -t Turks ,48 From Turkey AsiaEurope Turkey in tat 65, ,59 4,44 4,54 9,50 0,767,90 9,05 8,405 4,48 4,48 4,8 8,99, ,9 6,9,660,74 I J4 a, a t S , ,097,446,9,480,70 4,07 5,57 6,9 7,0 0,886, ,854,865,78 4,89 4;078 Turkey in Asia,488,7,89,9,6 4,9 4,7 4,75 4,46,96 5,78 6, 7,8 5,5 6,57 6,54 8,05 9,75 7,506 5, 0,9,788,955,76,54, ,0,75,998,8 F) Qfl(\ All Turkey,75 4,50,454,57,57 4,08 4,884 4,45 4,56 4,47 6,69 6,40 8,647 9,579 0,699 5,864 8,80,04 6,5,67 4,667 7,69 8,08 9,95 4,55, ,966 8,6,658 5,96 4 fl J IJ A Turkish not spe- t,zneu r (t L Arabian ' ' 66,558 59,7 6 99,6 L09 Egyptian Syrian 464, Armenian ', n Ju't AU Turkish 66,68, , , For reference notes see page I

19 89 INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION STATISTICS TABLE INDIRECT STATISTICS EMIGRATION TO TURKEY EXTRA-EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, (OR OF TURKS) FROM Argentina, 0 United States Total Turkey in Europe Turkey in Asia , 60 4,9,97,56,084,67,988,847,650, ,0 6,59 7,477 6, 4, ,54 4,688 5,96 4,809, ,8,905,55,, S 6, ,,99, ,54,7 77 Indirect statistics only llncluding Egyptian SOURCE NOTES

20 PALESTINE PALESTINE The statistics for Palestine begin with the year 9: The immigration figures are based on the permits issued by the Department of Irnmigration and Travel to persons intending to reside permanently in the country The emigration statistics concern persons leaving the country for permanent residence abroad and relate to two categories: (a) emigrants, that natives of Palestine or inhabitants of the country before it became mandated territory (citizens), and (b) "returning immigrants," that is, aliens arrived in Palestine since "the British occupation"

21 II Total Children TABLE II OF IMMIGRANTS, BY SEX, AGE, AND RELIGION, 9-4 C z Total Jews Others Adults Males Females Total Children Adults Males Females Total Children Adults Males Females II 8,8 7,99,55,7,47,75,47,58,8,66 5,50 4,00 7,844 7,4,856,,00,579,85,446,965,455 5,80 4, C w

22 Adults I Adults - Adults Occupation Religion Ttl 0 a Cliii- Ttal Chih Ttl Chil- drel) Males Fe- 0 clren Males Females males males Personsof independent means who Jews, ,8,80,95,57 intend to take up permanent resi- Others dence in Palestine Total, , ,40,868,000,55 Membersofprofessionswhointend Jews to follow their calling Others 6 6 I Total dren Males Feo a Wives, children and other persons Jews accompanying immigrants classified Others 4 8 under category Total Wives, children and other persons Jews,69,06 76,7, ,0, ,70 wholly dependent on residents in Others _ Palestine Total,50,4 78,70, 7 40,096, ,49 Z 5 Persons who have a definite pros- Jews,,94 80,07,96 9,8,757 4 pect of employment with specified Others employers or enterprises Total,88,998 90,54,8 6,45, Wives, children and other persons Jews, ,0,084,04,6, accompanying immigrants classified Others under category 5 Total, ,6,00,048,0, Persons of religious occupation Jews who have means of maintenance Others Total Jews 7,844,,85,446 7,4,00,965,455,856,579 5,80 4,097 Others Total ,55,75 5,50 4,00

23 896 INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION STATISTICS TABLE IIL DSmIBuT0N OF JEwISH WAGE-EARNERS WHO ENTERED PAuSnNE, OCCUPATION, IN 94 BY Agriculture,480 Tailors, cutters, seamstresses, etc 69 Metal works 47 Wood works 9 Building 5 Textile works Leather works 7 Engineering and electrical trades 64 Printing 44 Various skilled trades (mechanical) 47 Various skilled trades (food) 07 4,50 Merchants and capitalists 69 Medical 4 Clerks and officials 4 Students 0 Teachers 54 Religiods occupation 70 Liberal professions ss,655 Total 5,805 I

24 TABLE IV DIsnuBunoN OF IMMIGRANTS, BY RELIGION AND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, Country Total Jews Total Jews Total Jews MOS Argentina Armenia Austria S Belgium 6 4 Brazil Bulgaria Canada 0 Czechoslovakia China 60' Cuba Cyprus ' 8 6 Danzig Denmark Egypt Estonia Finland France 5 4 Germany Greece 7 6 Holland Hungary 7 4 Iraq 0 0 Italy ' Japan Latvia Lithuania Norway ' Persia Poland,09,09,5 5,70 5,695 7 For reference notes see page 899 0O,5 I

25 TABLE IV DIsprnBrrrIorc OF IMMiGRANTS, BY RELIGION AND COUNTRY OF omonc, 9-4 (continued) 9 94 Country Total Jews Total Jews Total Jews 6 Portugal Rhodes I 9 Z Rumania Russia 77 75,88,876 6,57,48 9 S SanSalvador South Africa Spain 6 5 Sweden Switzerland 6 Syria Tanganyika 7 7 Tripoli 46t Turkey Ukraine,079,079,045, UnitedKingdom S United States Yemen C Yugoslavia 8 6 Z Other countries cc Total 8,8 7, ,99 7, ,55, For reference notes see page 899 cc S cc S 9

26 PALESTINE 899 TABLE V DISTRIBUPION OF CITIZEN AND ALIEN EMIGRANTS, BY RELIGION, 9-4 "EmigranQs" (citizens) Total Jews Total Jews 'Returning immigrants" (aliens) ,48, , ,78, ,500 SOURCES Report on Palestine Administration, 9-4 London, 9- Tables I, II, IV, V Appendices to the Report by H M British Government on the Administration under Mandate of Pale8tine and Transjordania for the 94 London, 95 p 8 Table III NOTES itlie figure for China immigrants from: China, Japan, Armenia, Cyprus, Persia, Rhodes, Iraq, Yemen lmmigrants from Estonia are included in the return for Finland 8The figure for Argentina includes immigrants from other countries of Latin America 'The immigrants from Armenia, Cyprus, Persia, Rhodes, Yemen, are included with those from Persia 5lmmigrants from Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Switzerland are included in the return for Austria OThe figure for Italy includes immigrants from Belgium, France, Italy, Portugal and Spain 'The figure for Bulgaria includes immigrants from Greece and Yugoslavia figure for China includes immigrants from Japan Immigrants from Tanganyika are included in the figure for South Africa ' Immigrants from other parts of North Africa are included in the figure for Tripoli SYRIA Statistics about the number of migrants from Syria to Argentina (9-4), Canada (90-4), Cuba (9-4), United States (899-94) and Australia (90-4) will be found in the national tables for those countries