The environment? What Europeans think

Transcription

1 The environment? What Europeans think 2002

2 The environment? What Europeans think Principal results of polls conducted in 2002 within the framework of the EUROBAROMETER 58.0 and FLASH EUROBAROMETER 123 surveys. 2002

3 Published by the DG ENVIRONMENT (Communication and Civil Society Unit) in association with the DG PRESS AND COMMUNICATION (Public Opinion Analysis). Published in 3 languages: English, French and German. Publisher: Newcom Editor: Texto Additional information on environmental policies is available on the DG Environment website Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union New freephone number: A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server ( Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2003 ISBN European Communities, 2003 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged Printed in Belgium PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER

4 Introduction The environment has the highest priority for Europeans. It is a matter for each and every citizen of Europe, part of our lives and a daily concern for us all. European environmental policy must take into account the opinions of citizens who both benefit from and shape the environment. It is also important to regularly poll people's views on the issue. Their perceptions on the environment, their concerns and aspirations, as well as their opinions on the evolution of policies are all factors that can help shape the contours of policy. In 2002, two opinion polls threw new light on environmental and sustainable development issues. The results, which are representative of all Europeans, provide us with a great deal of important information: environmental issues continue to be the prime concern of Europeans ; Europe is felt to be the preferred level of decision-making ; the environment determines the quality of life of Europeans, rather than economic or social conditions ; the majority of citizens feel they are not satisfactorily informed on a significant number of environmental problems ; there is also a clear lack of information when it comes to solutions to environmental problems ; over four people in ten feel that an efficient way to act is 'to raise general environmental awareness'; as a source of information on the environment, the European Union inspires greater trust among citizens than national, regional or local authorities. The opinions expressed in these surveys will certainly be taken into account when the European Commission moulds future initiatives. Europe is a world leader in terms of the environment and we must redouble our efforts. These surveys express that very explicitly. Commissioner for the Environment Margot Wallström

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6 Contents A few words on the survey How do Europeans perceive the environment?... The environment is at the heart of the quality of life in Europe... The environment, a deep-seated concern Our way of life under the spotlight What is it that worries Europeans? Nuclear power and industrial risks worry one in two Europeans , concerns are growing The countries of southern Europe are becoming more concerned about their environment Are Europeans informed? Not everyone is equal when it comes to information Could do better Europe follows the small screen Are Europeans committed to action? What I can do Yes to action, but not alone Who do Europeans trust? What do Europeans propose? Greater environmental expectations Due consideration Environmental governance Carrot and stick Problems are better known than solutions

7 A few words on the survey The results presented in this publication come from two opinion polls, chiefly Eurobarometer 58.0, supplemented with the most relevant data from Flash Eurobarometer Eurobarometer 58.0 'The attitudes of Europeans towards the environment' This survey, which is the largest in terms of the number of respondents, was conducted between 1 September and 7 October It is part of the Eurobarometer series. The survey is organised around every four years to obtain a clear idea of the way in which Europeans perceive the various facets of the environment. A representative sample of citizens from the 15 European Union countries was asked a series of questions in a one-on-one situation. The latest questionnaire polled the opinions of 16,000 people. The survey was coordinated by INRA Europe (International Research Associates, European Coordination Office, Brussels). 2. Flash Eurobarometer 123 'Perception of Sustainable Development and environmental concerns of Europeans' The second survey, Flash Eurobarometer, was conducted on 6-15 April A representative sample of 7500 Europeans was polled by telephone on their perceptions of sustainable development and their environmental concerns. The survey was conducted by Eos Gallup Europe.

8 Readers wishing to consult the surveys and the analyses based on the results or looking for additional technical information (fieldwork dates, sample selection, weighting, etc) can refer to the full study reports, which are available online. Eurobarometer Survey : Flash Eurobarometer Survey : The total percentages presented in certain graphs and tables may exceed 100% where respondents can give more than one answer to the same question. This total may also not be exactly 100%, but a figure very close to it, as figures are rounded off.

9 1 How do Europeans perceive the The environment is part of life and one of the day-to-day concerns of Europeans. It is a key factor when it comes to well being and quality of life. Citizens want to see a strong environmental policy. The environment is at the heart of the quality of life in Europe In your opinion, to what extent do the following factors influence your quality of life? The environment, like economic and social aspects, influences the quality of life of Europeans. Everyone sees these three factors as having a clear impact on well being. On average, the state of the environment is felt to be the factor with the greatest impact on quality of life (index 67), followed by the economy (index 61) and social factors (index 59). Very much = 100 Environmental index Economic index Social factors index Quite a Lot = 67 Not much = Not at all = 0 The figures represent the European average An index of opinion is presented here to enable a comparison of the three factors (very much = 100; quite a lot = 67; not much = 33; not at all = 0). The indices vary quite profoundly from one country to another. In the Netherlands and Germany the values for the three factors are weak (sometimes less than 50), while they are all much higher than 70 in Greece. The index for the state of the environment ranges from 49 in the Netherlands to 75 in France. The other countries are in the vicinity of the European average (67). Source: Eurobarometer Flash 123 (Question 1)

10 environment? The environment, a deep-seated concern The word 'environment' evokes some negative and some more positive images. A quarter of all respondents identify urban pollution as the key image of the environment. That is followed by nature protection (22% of respondents) and the state of the environment that our children will inherit (14%). Pleasant green countryside is the key image of the environment for 11% of respondents.

11 1 How do Europeans perceive the Our way of life under the spotlight A great majority of Europeans (89%) are aware of the impact of humans on the environment. Some feel that its deterioration can be halted (45%), while others say it is irretrievable (44%). A very small minority feels that humanity lives in harmony with its environment (4%). Which of these opinions comes closest to yours? Human activity can lead to irretrievable damage to the environment 44% 45% The deterioration of the environment can be halted by changing our way of life 4% 2% 4% Human activity is currently in harmony with the environment None of these (SPONTANEOUS) Don't know These figures represent the European average

12 environment? The optimistic attitude ('the deterioration of the environment can be halted by changing our way of life' (45%)) is more prevalent in Sweden (64%) and, to a lesser degree in Greece (54%) and in France (53%). It is also more widespread among senior executives (51%) and among those who have continued their education beyond the age of 20 (49%). The pessimistic attitude ('human activity has led to irretrievable damage to the environment' (44%)) is more prevalent in eastern Germany (54%) and in Denmark (54%). Source: Eurobarometer 58.0 (Question 38)

13 2 What is it that worries Europeans? Images of the environment vary. But the sources of worry remain the same, whatever the country of origin of respondents. For some years there has been growing concern about damage to the environment. Nuclear power and industrial risks worry one in two Europeans The biggest worries for respondents are nuclear-related and industry-related risks. Those risks have come to overshadow other more 'traditional' concerns, such as air pollution, natural disasters, various types of water pollution and the destruction of tropical forests. At present, are you very worried, fairly worried, not very worried or not at all worried about the following topics? (Overall results in descending order of % of 'very worried') Nuclear power and radioactive waste 50 Disasters caused by industrial activities 45 Air pollution 44 Natural disasters 43 Pollution of tap water 43 Pollution of underground water 43 Pollution of seas and coasts 42 Pollution of rivers and lakes 42 The progressive elimination of tropical rain forests 41 The destruction of the ozone layer 39 Climate change 39 The use of other chemical products 38 The extinction of animal and plants species 37 Industrial waste management 37 The use of pesticides 36 Using up natural resources that cannot be easily replaced 35 Pollution from farming 31 The use of genetically modified organisms 30 Acid rain 29 Domestic and urban waste management 22 Urban problems (traffic, public transport, green spaces, etc.) 21 Environmentally friendly consumption habits 18 Noise 18 Hunting and shooting 17 Damage caused by tourism The figures represent the European average

14 Worries identical for all Europeans Nuclear and industrial risks head the list, followed by more 'traditional' worries. In the middle of the list are more recent problems such as the destruction of the ozone layer and climate change, as well as older problems that have a high profile in the media, such as pesticides and pollution from farming. At the bottom of the list are concerns related to both new issues (GMO) and issues that have to a degree slipped out of the public mind (acid rain). Here we also find problems that have a somewhat vague environmental impact, such as noise, hunting and shooting and tourism. Source: Eurobarometer 58.0 (Table 3)

15 2 What is it that worries Europeans? , concerns are growing By and large, Europeans are increasingly worried about the damage being done to the environment. The 2002 survey again addresses 25 problems related to the environment. Compared with the 1999 poll, concerns are growing about each and every one of them, except when it comes to urban problems. The three subjects of major concern in 1999 (from the choices proposed at the time) are air, water and soil pollution; the destruction of the ozone layer; and the elimination of tropical forests. The subjects that are of increasing concern (% of 'very worried' responses in 1999 and 2002) Air pollution Natural disasters Pollution of seas and coasts Pollution of rivers and lakes The progressive elimination of tropical forests The extinction of animal and plants species 1 Industrial waste management Urban problems (traffic, public transport, green spaces, etc) 2 Hunting and shooting Damage caused by tourism The figures represent the European average 1 The 1999 formulation was also different: 'The extinction in the world of plants, animal species or natural environments' Formulation: 'Urban problems (urban traffic, noise, pollution)' Worries about natural disasters have gained most ground among Europeans (+21), followed by the attacks on the natural environment, as well as fauna and flora (rivers and lakes +15, seas and coasts +10, animal and plants species +10, air pollution +9). Source: Eurobarometer 58.0 (Table 5)

16 The countries of southern Europe are becoming more concerned about their environment The countries of southern Europe are generally more worried about their environment than the countries of northern Europe. Greece, Italy and Portugal (but not Spain) are shown to be more worried about the problems mentioned than heavily industrialised countries such as the Netherlands, Sweden and Finland. While support for the protection of the environment was born in the industrialised countries of northern Europe, it is now winning over the citizens of southern Europe. So, in general, Greece is now the Member State where concern is greatest, while it is weakest in the Netherlands.

17 2 What is it that worries Europeans? National worries - Shedding light on some member states Austrian (57%) and Irish citizens (52%) are relatively more worried than the others as to nuclear risks. Germany is very sensitive to the risks of natural disasters (55%), but the situation at the time of the survey may have played a role. The Danes are more attentive to water-related problems (tap water 52% and underground water 56%). Germans are a little more preoccupied than others by the destruction of the ozone layer (42%) and climate change (44%). France is more marked by a fear of the risks of chemical accidents (51%), but the situation at the time of the survey may have made its mark on the results. Finally, hunting and shooting is an issue mentioned more often (27%) by Britons than by the others, but once again the issue was in the news at the time the poll was taken. Source: Eurobarometer 58.0 (Table 4)

18 At present are you very worried, fairly worried, not very worried or not at all worried? (% of 'very worried' responses in the member states) Greece 58 Luxembourg 44 Italy 44 Portugal 41 France 41 United Kingdom 32 Austria 31 Germany 30 Denmark 30 Spain 26 Ireland 26 Belgium 26 Sweden 25 Finland 24 Netherlands The figures represent the average concerns per Member State The most worried people are generally women and people in the age group 55 and over. Natural disasters are a greater worry to those with a lower level of education. In contrast, people with a higher level of education are rather more concerned about the elimination of tropical forests and the extinction of plants and animal species.

19 3 Are Europeans informed? When it comes to the environment, Europeans feel they are rather under informed. While certain subjects are well known to the public, such as 'natural disasters,' 'air pollution' and 'climate change,' others remain more obscure, such as 'industrial waste management,' 'the use of genetically modified organisms' and 'the use of other chemical products.' Not everyone is equal when it comes to information... The survey reveals that, on average, only four Europeans in ten feel that they are sufficiently well informed. Clearly, an enormous information drive is needed. There are major differences between countries. Some countries feel they are well informed, especially when the average age of education leavers is high, such as Finland, Denmark and the Netherlands. In other countries in which the duration of education is shorter, such as Ireland, Portugal and Spain the feeling of information is weaker. That does not explain the low level of information observed in France however.

20 Could do better European citizens are unaware of many environmental problems. There are new problems (such as GMO) and old problems (such as acid rain) that are either too technical (industrial waste or chemical products), or still poorly perceived (damage caused by tourism, pollution of underground water or use of pesticides). So efforts do have to be invested in these areas. Would these unknown themes arouse the most concern? It would not appear so. Europeans do not neglect these issues because they are afraid of them. On the contrary, Europeans feel sufficiently well informed on such themes as natural disasters, air pollution, climate change, urban problems or the destruction of the ozone layer. Many of these subjects, by the way, had a very high profile in the media at the time of the survey.

21 3 Are Europeans informed? For each of these topics, can you tell me if you feel very well, fairly well or very badly informed? (Overall results in descending order of % of 'very well + fairly well informed') Natural disasters 64 Air pollution 53 Climate change 53 Urban problems (traffic, public transport, green spaces, etc) 52 Destruction of the ozone layer 52 Domestic and urban waste management 49 Pollution of seas and coasts 48 Environmentally friendly consumption habits 46 The extinction of animal and plants species 46 Pollution of rivers and lakes 46 The progressive elimination of tropical forests 45 Noise 45 Pollution of tap water 43 Disasters caused by industrial activities 42 Hunting and shooting 39 Using up natural resources that cannot be easily replaced 39 Pollution from farming 39 The use of pesticides 38 Nuclear power and radioactive waste 38 Pollution of underground water 37 Acid rain 35 Damage caused by tourism 34 The use of other chemical products 32 The use of genetically modified organisms 30 Industrial waste management The figures represent the European average Degrees of information The first group of themes are those for which more than 50% of Europeans feel they are 'very well ' or 'fairly well informed'. These include natural disasters, air pollution, climate change, urban problems and the destruction of the ozone layer. This category gathers together relatively old and so familiar themes (air pollution for example), or issues related to current events that consequently have a very high profile in the media (climate change). The second group (42-49% of Europeans 'fairly well' to 'very well informed') comprises problems that are a little more complex or that have a lower profile in the media (extinction of species or destruction of forests). Europeans are less informed (fewer than 40%) on themes that have left the media spotlight (acid rain) or that are of a more industrial nature (chemical products, GMO, industrial waste). Source: Eurobarometer 58.0 (Table 6)

22 Men generally claim to be better informed than women. On several subjects, young adults (15-24 years) claim to be well informed more often than the 55 years and older age group. People with a lower level of education feel less informed when problems are global and very scientific in nature, as in the case of problems to do with the ozone layer, climatic warming, deforestation and nuclear issues. Europe follows the small screen For eight Europeans in ten, television continues to be the choice of media for getting environmental information. Five in ten prefer newspapers. Next are films and documentaries (25%), magazines (21%), radio (20%) and conversations with close relations (14%). European citizens would seem to be relatively passive when it comes to environmental information. The information channels that demand active and personal action (Internet, conferences, exhibitions) are not mentioned as often. Likewise, environmental protection associations are rarely mentioned by citizens as a source of information.

23 3 Are Europeans informed?

24 What are the main sources of information on the environment? Television Newspapers Films/documentaries Magazines Radio Conversations with parents/family/friends/neighbours/colleagues Specialist environmental protection associations or charities (Greenpeace, etc) Publications/brochures/information material Books Internet Schools/educational institutions Events (conferences, fairs/exhibitions, festivals, etc) Public authorities Others (SPONTANEOUS) I am not interested in the environment (SPONTANEOUS) Don't know The figures represent the European average 25% 21% 20% 14% 10% 7% 6% 6% 5% 3% 3% 1% 1% 1% 52% 81% The countries of northern Europe (Sweden, Finland, Netherlands, Germany) gather information much more often through newspapers or radio than the other countries. Young adults (15-24 years) read fewer newspapers, but consume more films and Internet. People with a higher level of education read more magazines and watch less television than those with a lower level of education. Source: Eurobarometer 58.0 (Table 9)

25 4 Are Europeans committed What I can do 'Can my individual action have an impact on the environment?' Europeans are divided on the issue. Half are optimistic, half pessimistic. 'Environmental public-spiritedness' certainly has a number of followers, especially in northern Europe, but has yet to win over a majority of citizens.

26 to action? To what extent do individuals feel that their actions can have an impact? Half of the respondents believe that 'the environment is a field in which I am unable to act', whereas the other half hold that 'the environment is a field in which my actions can make a real difference'. The member states are grouped in one of the two scales of this balance. In the countries of northern Europe (Finland, Sweden, Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, but not Denmark), citizens are more confident about their capacity to change things. The more southern countries (France, Greece, Italy) are characterised by a more pessimistic feeling. % of responses on two opinions (I am unable to act and my actions make a difference) relating to the capacity to make an impact on the environment through personal action Finland Sweden Belgium Luxembourg Germany Austria Netherlands Portugal Spain Denmark Ireland United Kingdom Italy Greece France All I am unable to act My actions make a difference Other responses Between effectiveness and powerlessness There is a weak but significant link between the feeling of being informed on the environment and the confidence a person has in being able to do something. Source: Eurobarometer 58.0 (Table 11)

27 4 Are Europeans committed Yes to action, but not alone For 65% of Europeans, the solution comes through the accumulation of the individual actions of everyone. Only 12% of respondents say, 'I am making an effort to take care of the environment and it is having an impact'. The opposite attitude ('I am not making an effort to take care of the environment, because it doesn't have any impact as long as others do not make any effort') is shared by 10% of Europeans. Which of these statements best reflects your personal situation? I am making an effort to take care of the environment, but it will only have an impact if others also make an effort 65% I am making an effort to take care of the environment and it is having an impact I am not making an effort to take care of the environment, because it doesn't have any impact as long as others do not make any effort I don't know what to do to take care of the environment 12% 10% 8% None of these 2% Don't know 2% I don't care about environmental issues (SPONTANEOUS) 1% The figures represent the European average

28 to action? Attitudes towards environmental actions : one for all and all for one? Shedding light on some Member States 24% of Finnish people and 22% of Swedish people are proactive and confident about their individual efforts. The concerted action attitude (efforts but only if others make efforts too) is more frequent in Denmark (74%), Greece (74%), Belgium (72%) and France (72%). The refusal attitude (no efforts because others don't make them) is especially prevalent in Spain (22%) and Portugal (16%). People with a higher level of education are more likely to adopt a concerted action attitude than those with little education. Most young adults (15-24 years) are more likely to adopt a refusal attitude than their elders. Source: Eurobarometer 58.0 (Table 13)

29 5 Who do Europeans trust? Are Europeans distrustful? While they are not really able to use them as a source of information, Europeans say that they trust the environmental protection associations most (48%). Scientists are also popular (35%), as well as consumer associations (23%), relegating television into fourth place (18%). Among political institutions, the European union comes in first place in terms of trust, followed by national and regional governments. The business community is in last place in the league of trust.

30 Who do you trust when it comes to environmental issues? Environmental protection associations 48% Scientists 35% Consumer associations and other citizens' organisations 23% Television 18% European Union National government Teachers at school or university Regional/local government Political parties standing for environment (Greens, etc) Newspapers Family/neighbours/friends/colleagues None of them (SPONTANEOUS) Don't know Radio Trade Unions Companies 13% 12% 12% 11% 10% 9% 7% 7% 6% 4% 2% 1% The figures represent the European average Who believes what? Generally the countries of northern Europe are better informed, more trusting and less concerned about environmental problems. The level of trust is generally the same in all countries. However, young adults (15-24 years old), even those who have a higher level of education, are more trusting of teachers, scientists and environmental protection associations. Citizens who state that they are on the right of the political spectrum are on average less trusting (40%) of environmental protection associations than those who are on the left (59%). Source: Eurobarometer 58.0 (Table 14)

31 6 What do Europeans propose The citizens of Europe clearly and unanimously want to see environmental policies given the same weight as economic and social policies. For them it is clear that the decision-makers do not give due consideration to the environment. One in three Europeans feel that Europe is the most appropriate level of authority here. Citizens want to see a carrot and stick approach. Greater environmental expectations Europeans very much want to see decision-makers give due consideration to the environment when they are developing their policies. Almost 9 in 10 Europeans (86%) would like to see the environment given as high a priority as economic and social policies. In your opinion, should decision-makers accord the same importance to the environment as they do to economic or social policies? Yes 86% 3% 11% No Don't know Greener! People everywhere feel that the environment should carry great weight in the formulation of policy, although there are some variations. Expectations are a little lighter in Denmark (76%), and particularly heavy in Italy (95%), Portugal (93%) and Luxembourg (92%). Source: Eurobarometer Flash 123 (Question 4) The figures represent the European average

32 ? Due consideration Only one European in five feels that decision-makers take sufficient account of the environment when formulating their economic and employment policies. This appreciation varies significantly from one country to another, as this opinion is shared by only 14% of Italians and, at the other end of the scale, by 44% of Greeks. In your opinion, do policy-makers consider the environment as much as they should when deciding policy in other areas such as the economy and employment? Greece European average Belgium Netherlands 5% Luxembourg Germany 75% 20% Denmark Ireland Portugal Sweden France Finland United Kingdom Yes No Don't know Give the environment more consideration! Austria Spain Italy In answering the question 'In your opinion, do policy-makers consider the environment as much as they should when deciding policy in other areas such as the economy and employment?', men are more positive (22%) than women (17%). Respondents are more critical when they have a higher level of education. Source: Eurobarometer Flash 123 (Question 5)

33 6 What do Europeans propose Environmental governance A third of Europeans think that the European Union is 'the most appropriate level for taking decisions to protect the environment'. That's encouraging considering the weight the European Union carries here. Indeed, it's the origin of more than 80% of current environmental legislation in the Member States. Next are the national and local levels and the United Nations. The regional level, which does not embrace the citizens of all Member States, occupies fifth place.

34 ? Which level do you think is best for taking decisions to protect the environment? European Union 33% National government 30% Local government 27% United Nations (UN) 21% Regional government 18% Don't know 14% Others (SPONTANEOUS) 2% The figures represent the European average Level of environmental governance Shedding light on some Member States The citizens of the Netherlands (52%), Belgium (43%) and Italy (42%) support the implementation of environmental policy at European level. In Sweden (57%) and Denmark (43%) citizens prefer to give this power to national governments. The Greeks (49%) and the French (46%) prefer local government. Source: Eurobarometer 58.0 (Table 16)

35 6 What do Europeans propose Carrot and stick When respondents are asked to select solutions from a list, almost one citizen in two (48%) states a preference for statutory measures. They want European and national legislation to be stricter, with harsher penalties for violators. Hot on the heels of this solution comes education and a higher profile: 'raising the general awareness on the environment' (45%). The restricting approach is again in third place (40%): 'better enforcement of existing environmental legislation'. And fourth place (36%) is occupied by the principle of 'polluter pays' in the shape of 'only taxing those who cause environmental problems'. Finally, one European in four (24%) feels that the greater involvement of non-governmental organisations and associations active in the protection of the environment is a good solution. In your opinion, which of the following would make it possible to most effectively solve environmental problems? Making national/european Union regulations stricter, with heavy fines for offenders Raising general environmental awareness Better enforcement of existing environmental legislation Only taxing those who cause environmental problems Giving more say to environmental NGOs/ associations seeking to protect the environment in the decision-making process Higher financial incentives to industry, commerce and citizens Don't know Higher taxes, prices, etc for all to cover environmental costs Relying on initiatives from industry, farmers, etc 48% 45% 40% 36% 24% 14% 7% 6% 6% The leading solutions Shedding light on some Member States Greece (62%), the Netherlands (61%) and Sweden (57%) favour 'stricter regulations' more than the others. The Swedes also prefer the idea of 'raising general environmental awareness' more than the others (74%, as opposed to the European average of 40%). Others (SPONTANEOUS) 1% None of these (SPONTANEOUS) 0% The figures represent the European average French citizens show greater support for 'polluter pays' than the others (49% as opposed to 36% on average). In Italy 'giving more say to environmental NGOs' is more prevalent than it is in the other countries (33%, while the European average is 24%). Those with a higher level of education tend to favour the awareness-raising solution (50% as opposed to 36% for those who did not continue their education beyond the age of 15). Source: Eurobarometer 58.0 (Table 19)

36 ? Problems are better known than solutions It is interesting to observe that almost three Europeans in four consider that they know more about environmental problems than they do about the solutions to them. Only a minority (7%) feel they know more about the solutions than about the problems. Do you feel that you know more about environmental problems or environmental solutions? 73% 7% 20% Environmental problems Environmental solutions Don't know Knowledge of problems or solutions? The figures represent the European average The only feature that distinguishes the responses of citizens of different Member States is the higher degree to which people in Portugal (28%) and Ireland (27%) answer 'Don't know'. People who have no education beyond the age of 15 find it more difficult to state an opinion than the others (27% as opposed to an average of 20%). These results underline the importance of the information provided to citizens and the authority that supplies it. Source: Eurobarometer 58.0 (Table 21)

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38 European Commission The environment? What Europeans think Luxembourg: Office for official publications of the European Communities p x 29.7 cm ISBN

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