Paper Reference. Paper Reference(s) 4370/1F London Examinations IGCSE Geography Foundation Tier Paper 1F

Transcription

1 Centre No. Candidate No. Paper Reference(s) 4370/1F London Examinations IGCSE Geography Foundation Tier Paper 1F Monday 30 October 2006 Morning Time: 1 hour 45 minutes Materials required for examination Ruler, pencil and pen Paper Reference F Surname Signature Items included with question papers Nil Instructions to Candidates In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and signature. This paper is arranged in two sections, A and B. In Section A, answer ALL questions in the spaces provided. In Section B, answer ONE question in the spaces provided. Initial(s) Examiner s use only Team Leader s use only Question Number Blank Section A Section B Information for Candidates The marks for parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2). There are 9 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 110. There are 32 pages in this question paper. Any pages are indicated. Advice to Candidates Write your answers neatly and in good English. This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Edexcel Limited copyright policy Edexcel Limited. Printer s Log. No. M24684A W850/U4370/ /5/5/3 *M24684A0132* Total Turn over

2 Section A Answer all six questions in this section. 1. Water (a) Study Figure 1(a), which shows the Colorado River basin in south west USA. Figure 1(a) 2 *M24684A0232*

3 (i) Complete the following sentences: The source of the Colorado River is in the... Mountains. It flows in a... direction and dams have been built at various sites along its course. Behind each dam the water has been held back to form a reservoir. For example, Lake... reservoir has formed behind the... Dam. The river s mouth is on the.... (5) (ii) What is meant by the term watershed? (iii) Tick the correct area of the Colorado River basin. 500,000 sq. km 800,000 sq. km 1,000,000 sq. km (b) Describe two main uses of water stored in reservoirs (4) *M24684A0332* 3 Turn over

4 (c) Study Figure 1(b), which shows the discharge of the Colorado River before and after the building of the Hoover Dam in 1935 and the Glen Canyon Dam in Figure 1(b) Describe how the building of these two dams changed the discharge (4) Q1 (Total 15 marks) 4 *M24684A0432*

5 2. Hazards Study Figure 2, which shows areas experiencing different types of hazard. The boundary between LEDCs and MEDCs is also shown. The more economically developed countries (MEDCs) Tropic of Cancer Equator Tropic of Capricorn The less economically developed countries (LEDCs)?????????????? Areas? of drought and???????????? desertification????????????????????????????????????? Tracks of tropical storms???????????? Areas of volcanic and earthquake activity????????? MEDCs/LEDCs??? dividing line?????????????????!????????????????? Figure 2 (a) Of the hazards shown on Figure 2, state: (i) one climatic hazard (ii) one non-climatic hazard (2) *M24684A0532* 5 Turn over

6 (b) Using Figure 2, choose your answers to parts (i) and (ii) from the following countries: USA Kenya Iceland Sri Lanka Philippines (i) Which country experiences both drought/desertification and volcanic/earthquake activity? (ii) Which country experiences both volcanic/earthquake activity and tropical storms? (c) Use three of the following words to complete the sentences below: artificial disasters natural threats Hazards are... to life and property. Hazards not caused by human activity are described as... hazards. Hazard events where lives and property are destroyed become.... (3) (d) Choose one of the following hazards: an earthquake a volcanic eruption a tropical storm Chosen hazard... (i) Explain what causes this hazard to occur. A diagram may help your answer. 6 *M24684A0632*

7 (ii) Describe the problems that this hazard creates for people living in the area affected. (4) Q2 (4) (Total 15 marks) *M24684A0732* 7 Turn over

8 3. Production (a) Study Figure 3 which shows the location of Samsung s UK factory in Wynyard Business Park in NE England. Figure 3 (i) Samsung produces electronic goods. Is Samsung: a low-tech company a high-tech company an intermediate-tech company? Tick the correct answer. 8 *M24684A0832*

9 (ii) Give two reasons why access to European markets is good from this location (2) (iii) What map evidence suggests that Wynyard Business Park was built on a greenfield site? (2) (b) (i) What is meant by the term market? (ii) Suggest why business parks and electronics companies are often located close to universities. (2) *M24684A0932* 9 Turn over

10 (iii) Explain why electronics companies are often described as being footloose. (3) (c) What advantages does building a new factory bring to the local area? (4) Q3 (Total 15 marks) 10 *M24684A01032*

11 4. Development (a) Study Figure 4(a), which lists seven development indicators. The typical levels in MEDCs and LEDCs are shown for the first four. INDICATOR MEDC Level LEDC Level Birth rate Low High Car ownership rate High Low Energy use High Low GDP per person High Low Life expectancy Literacy rate Primary sector employment Figure 4(a) (i) Complete Figure 4(a) by stating the typical levels in MEDCs and LEDCs for the remaining three indicators. (3) (ii) Name one economic grouping of countries, other than MEDCs and LEDCs. (iii) Suggest why MEDCs use more energy than LEDCs. (4) *M24684A01132* 11 Turn over

12 (b) Explain why it is better to use more than one indicator when measuring a country s development (3) (c) Study Figure 4(b) which shows three obstacles (barriers) to development in LEDCs. OBSTACLES TO DEVELOPMENT Bad government Trade barriers with MEDCs Lack of foreign investment Figure 4(b) Explain how two of these obstacles slow down development. Obstacle Obstacle (4) Q4 (Total 15 marks) 12 *M24684A01232*

13 5. Migration (a) Study Figure 5 which shows the trend of net international migration for the United Kingdom (UK) from 1974 to Figure 5 (i) What was the rate of the UK s net international migration in 2002? (ii) Use the following to complete the sentences below: A B less greater Positive (+) net international migration occurs when immigration is... than emigration, as in Period... in Figure 5. When immigration is... than emigration net international migration is negative ( ), as in Period... in Figure 5. (3) (iii) Suggest one reason for the high level of net migration in Period A. *M24684A01332* 13 Turn over

14 (b) Explain two push factors that cause people to migrate internationally (4) 14 *M24684A01432*

15 (c) Urban-to-rural migration is a major feature of the UK and other MEDCs. (i) What is urban-to-rural migration? (2) (ii) Give reasons for this type of migration. (4) Q5 (Total 15 marks) *M24684A01532* 15 Turn over

16 6. Urban environments (a) Study Figure 6 which gives information about land use and housing in the city of Manila, the Philippines. Figure 6 (i) On which bank of the river is the CBD? (ii) State two typical shanty town locations (2) (iii) Give reasons for one of these locations. (3) 16 *M24684A01632*

17 (iv) Explain the location of industry at A. (3) (b) State two features of a CBD (2) (c) Describe the problems caused by the rapid growth of LEDC cities. Examples may help your answer (4) Q6 (Total 15 marks) TOTAL FOR SECTION A: 90 MARKS *M24684A01732* 17 Turn over

18 Section B 7. Fragile environments Answer ONE question only from this section. (a) Study Figure 7(a), a photograph showing an area of tropical rainforest. Figure 7(a) (i) Trees have been cut down in the foreground of the photograph. Give the term to describe this process. 18 *M24684A01832*

19 (ii) Where is this photograph most likely to have been taken? Tick one country from the following list: Canada Egypt Indonesia Spain (iii) State two ways in which the vegetation shown adapts to a hot, wet climate (2) *M24684A01932* 19 Turn over

20 (b) (i) Give three ways in which local people benefit from cutting down trees (3) (ii) Explain why cutting down trees: 1. destroys the rainforest ecosystem 2. helps to cause global warming (6) 20 *M24684A02032*

21 (c) Study Figure 7(b), which shows three possible futures for tropical rainforests. 1. FOREST CONSERVED 1. e.g. private reserves 2. FOREST CLEARED 1. AND DEVELOPED 1. e.g. income from ranching 3. FOREST DEVELOPED 1. SUSTAINABLY 1. e.g. agroforestry Figure 7(b) (i) What is meant by the term sustainable forest management? (ii) Describe two examples of sustainable forest management (6) Q7 (Total 20 marks) *M24684A02132* 21 Turn over

22 8. Globalisation (a) Study Figure 8(a) which shows the destinations outside Europe featured in a recent UK holiday brochure. Holidays in Europe are not shown Tropic of Cancer Equator Tropic of Capricorn USA Mexico 8 Guatemala Cayman Islands Jamaica Bermuda Bahamas Barbados Brazil Argentina 11 Egypt Uganda Kenya Tanzania Zimbabwe South Africa Europe 12 Jordan Bahrain UAE (Dubai) Oman China Nepal India 13 Sri Lanka Maldives Seychelles Mauritius Australia Japan Hong Kong Philippines Vietnam Thailand Malaysia Borneo Singapore Indonesia (Bali) Key Number of holiday centres in the brochure and over (number shows the actual amount of holiday centres offered) Figure 8(a) 22 *M24684A02232*

23 (i) Which country offers the most holiday centres? (ii) Name one island that offers two or more holiday centres. (iii) Suggest how the map shows that tourism is global. (2) (b) Give two reasons for the growth of global tourism (2) *M24684A02332* 23 Turn over

24 (c) Study Figure 8(b) which shows how the growth of mass tourism changed a tropical island between 1980 and Figure 8(b) (i) State four of these changes (4) 24 *M24684A02432*

25 (ii) Describe how one of the changes is: 1. an advantage to the people of the island. 2. a disadvantage to the environment of the island. (4) (iii) In 2006 the government of the island produced a Coastal Zone Management Plan. Suggest what might be included in such a plan. (6) Q8 (Total 20 marks) *M24684A02532* 25 Turn over

26 9. Human welfare (a) Study Figure 9(a), a global picture of food consumption (daily calorie intake per person). Figure 9(a) (i) What is the daily calorie intake per person in: 1. the UK? 2. equatorial Africa? (2) 26 *M24684A02632*

27 (ii) Use the following two words to complete the sentence below: surplus shortage There is a... of food in the more economically developed world but a... in the less economically developed world. (iii) Give one fact about the distribution of people suffering malnutrition from undereating. (iv) Suggest two ways in which malnutrition lowers a person s human welfare (2) *M24684A02732* 27 Turn over

28 (b) Study Figure 9(b) which shows a global picture of population growth. Figure 9(b) (i) Name a continent with a high population growth rate. (ii) Use Figures 9(a) and 9(b) to compare food consumption and population growth in MEDCs. (3) 28 *M24684A02832*

29 (c) High birth rates are a cause of rapid population growth. Explain why birth rates are high in some parts of the world (4) *M24684A02932* 29 Turn over

30 (d) Describe how one named country has tried to reduce its population growth. Named country: (6) Q9 (Total 20 marks) TOTAL FOR SECTION B: 20 MARKS TOTAL FOR PAPER: 110 MARKS END 30 *M24684A03032*

31 BLANK PAGE *M24684A03132* 31

32 BLANK PAGE 32 *M24684A03232*