3031/2H. GEOGRAPHY (SPECIFICATION A) 3031/2H Paper 2 Higher Tier. General Certificate of Secondary Education June 2006

Transcription

1 Surname Other Names Leave blank Centre Number Candidate Number Candidate Signature General Certificate of Secondary Education June 2006 GEOGRAPHY (SPECIFICATION A) 3031/2H Paper 2 Higher Tier Monday 12 June pm to 3.00 pm H For this paper you must have: the insert (enclosed). You may use a calculator. Number 1 For Examiner s Use Mark Number 5 Mark Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes Instructions Use blue or black ink or ball-point pen for written answers. You may use pencil for maps, diagrams and graphs. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. SECTION A Answer ONE question, either: Question 1 or Question 2 SECTION B Answer ONE question, either: Question 3 or Question 4 SECTION C Answer ONE question, either: Question 5 or Question 6 Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want marked. If you need extra paper, use the Supplementary Answer Sheets. Information The maximum mark for this paper is 75. The marks for questions are shown in brackets. You will be assessed on your ability to: present relevant information in a form and style that suits its purpose; ensure that text is legible and that spelling, punctuation and grammar are accurate; use specialist vocabulary. LEDC is a Less Economically Developed Country. MEDC is a More Economically Developed Country Total (Column 1) Total (Column 2) TOTAL Examiner s Initials /2H

2 2 SECTION A Answer ONE question in this section, either Question 1 or Question 2. 1 Population Total for this question: 25 marks (a) (i) What is the meaning of the term natural increase of population? (1 mark) (ii) Study Figure 1, a graph of world population growth. Figure Population (millions) Actual Population Estimated Population LEDCs MEDCs Population (millions) Year

3 3 Using Figure 1, describe the growth of population in LEDCs and MEDCs. (4 marks) (iii) Using one or more examples, explain why the population growth of LEDCs is expected to fall. (6 marks) Question 1 continues on the next page Turn over

4 4 (b) Study Figure 2, which shows some reasons why people have migrated to Hong Kong since Figure 2 From WESTERN EUROPE and USA Well-educated professionals wanting highly paid jobs in the civil service From MAINLAND CHINA People joining relatives already living in Hong Kong From SOUTHERN CHINA Landless labourers leaving small uneconomic farms Shenzhen Dapeng Bay N Deep Bay Yuen Long Hong Kong Tuen Mun New Territories Tsuen Wan Sha Tin Kowloon Lantau Island Hong Kong Island Settlements South China Sea 0 6 km From VIETNAM Boat people entering illegally after fleeing from the Communist takeover of their country From the PHILIPPINES Many women coming to work as servants in the houses of rich families

5 5 (i) Using Figure 2, give two push factors and two pull factors for the migration of people to Hong Kong since Push factors Pull factors (4 marks) Question 1 continues on the next page Turn over

6 6 (ii) Describe the advantages and disadvantages to a country or region of receiving immigrants. (6 marks) (c) Explain how physical factors cause some parts of the world to have high population densities (4 marks) 25

7 7 Turn over for the next question Turn over

8 8 2 Settlement Total for this question: 25 marks (a) (i) What is the meaning of the term urban growth? (1 mark) (ii) Study Figure 3, which shows the percentage of population living in urban areas in different parts of the world. Graph showing % of population living in urban areas in different parts of the world - not reproduced here due to third-party copyright constraints.

9 9 Describe the pattern of urbanisation shown in Figure 3. (4 marks) Question 2 continues on the next page Turn over

10 10 (b) Study Figure 4, which shows why the city of Kolkata (Calcutta) has grown as the result of migration and other factors. Farmers in nearby states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh are very poor due to the long dry season Figure km N The slopes of the Himalayas suffer from soil erosion resulting in low yields Uttar Pradesh Bihar River Hugli River Ganges The nearby country of Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world Hospitals and doctors help to reduce the number of children who die INDIA Kolkata BANGLADESH The population of the city includes many young adults, so birth rates remain high Bay of Bengal The coastal areas around the Bay of Bengal suffer regular flooding Key: International boundary

11 11 (i) Using Figure 4, give two physical and two human factors that caused a growth in Kolkata s population. Physical factors Human factors (4 marks) (ii) Describe the effects of rapid growth on LEDC cities, such as Kolkata. (4 marks) Question 2 continues on the next page Turn over

12 12 (iii) Planners in LEDCs have tried many schemes to cope with the rapid growth of cities. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of one or more of these schemes. (6 marks) (c) Compare an urban model of an MEDC city with one of a city in an LEDC. You may include a diagram(s) in your answer

13 (6 marks) 25 End of Section A Turn over for Section B Turn over

14 14 SECTION B Answer ONE question in this section, either Question 3 or Question 4. 3 Agriculture Total for this question: 25 marks (a) Study Figure 5, which shows the main market gardening areas of Great Britain. Figure 5 Strathmore Forth Key Market gardening areas Large urban areas Motorways January temperature (º C) N km Clyde 5 ºC South Lancashire Vale of York 6 ºC Gower Peninsula Devon Vale of Evesham Lea Valley Hampshire Fens South Essex Thames Estuary 5 ºC Cornwall 7 ºC 6 ºC (i) What is the meaning of the term market gardening? (1 mark)

15 15 (ii) Explain the factors which have influenced the distribution of market gardening areas in Great Britain. (4 marks) (iii) Why can market gardening be considered an intensive system of agriculture? (1 mark) (b) Study Figure 6, on the insert, a photograph of farming in an LEDC. (i) Describe the main features of the farming shown in the photograph. (4 marks) Question 3 continues on the next page Turn over

16 16 (ii) Using one or more examples, describe how farming in LEDCs is changing. (6 marks) (c) Study Figure 7, which shows some European Union (EU) farming policies. Figure 7 Set Aside Tariffs Quotas Subsidies Woodland Grant Scheme Arable Area Payments Describe how one or more of these policies have affected farming

17 (9 marks) 25 Turn over for the next question Turn over

18 18 4 Industry Total for this question: 25 marks (a) Study Figure 8, which shows the location of steel-making, a secondary industry, in Great Britain in Figure 8 x N Key Integrated steelworks Coalfields Iron ore fields Motorways 0 50 km x Redcar x Scunthorpe x Port Talbot (i) What is the meaning of the term secondary industry? (1 mark)

19 19 (ii) Explain the factors that have led to the decline of steel-making or another secondary industry in an MEDC that you have studied. Type of secondary industry (if not steel-making)... (4 marks) (b) Study Figure 9, on the insert, a photograph of the Cambridge Science Park. (i) Describe the main features of the Cambridge Science Park shown on the photograph. (4 marks) (ii) Why can industries which have developed on Science Parks be considered to be footloose? (1 mark) Question 4 continues on the next page Turn over

20 20 (c) Study Figure 10, which shows some of the factors affecting the location of industry. Figure 10 Government policy Sources of energy Transport Site factors Raw materials Explain how one or more of these factors have affected the location of some industry

21 (9 marks) (d) Using one or more examples, describe the effects of industrial pollution on either the land or the sea (6 marks) 25 End of Section B Turn over for Section C Turn over

22 22 SECTION C Answer ONE question in this section, either Question 5 or Question 6. 5 Managing Resources Total for this question: 25 marks (a) Study Figures 11a and 11b, which show two opposing views on recycling. Cartoon about recycling waste - not reproduced here due to third-party copyright constraints. Figure 11b Printer Cartridges Paper Glass & Cans AUB RECYCLING PROJECT

23 23 What do the cartoons suggest are the issues concerned with recycling? (3 marks) (b) Study Figure 12. Figure 12 Incoming radiation from the sun Increased greenhouse gases due to human activities More heat trapped Earth Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide Using Figure 12, explain the possible causes of global warming Question 5 continues on the next page Turn over

24 (6 marks) (c) Study Figure 13, a map of the Maldives, an island republic which is an LEDC in the Indian Ocean. Map of the Maldives, an LEDC in the Indian Ocean - not reproduced here due to third-party copyright constraints.

25 25 (i) Using Figure 13, suggest two reasons why tourists are attracted to the Maldives (2 marks) (ii) What is the meaning of the term green tourism? (2 marks) (iii) Since 1970, the government of the Maldives has made rules that have to be followed when building any new tourist development. The table below lists some of these rules. 1 No resorts are to be built without carrying out a study of the impacts on the environment. 2 Resorts are to build incinerators to deal with waste that does not decay naturally. 3 Resorts are to build facilities to deal with sewage waste. 4 Factories to turn sea water into fresh water are to be built at newer resorts. Choose three of these rules, and suggest why each was felt to be important. Rule number... Question 5 continues on the next page Turn over

26 26 Rule number... Rule number... (6 marks) (iv) Using one or more examples, explain why the growth of tourism may bring disadvantages to an LEDC. (6 marks) 25

27 27 6 Development Total for this question: 25 marks (a) Study Figure 14, a cartoon about international aid. Figure 14 What does the cartoon suggest are the issues concerning this type of international aid? (3 marks) Question 6 continues on the next page Turn over

28 28 (b) (i) What is the meaning of the term appropriate technology? (2 marks) (ii) Study Figure 15, a photograph of an upesi. This is an efficient wood burning stove. A UK charity has been teaching women potters in Kenya how to make them since Photo of an upesi - not reproduced here due to third-party copyright constraints.

29 29 The table below lists some advantages of the upesi. 1 It reduces the amount of smoke produced. 2 There is less deforestation. 3 It is made locally by women. 4 Women spend less time preparing food for the family. Choose three advantages of the upesi and suggest why each is important. Advantage number... Advantage number... Advantage number... (6 marks) Question 6 continues on the next page Turn over

30 30 (c) Using one or more examples, describe how the water supply is being improved in LEDCs (6 marks) (d) Study Figure 16, which shows the export trade of Malawi and Japan. Figure 16 Export trade of two countries Key Farm produce Manufactured goods Consumer goods (except textiles) Minerals Chemicals Other MALAWI (LEDC) JAPAN (MEDC)

31 31 (i) Give two differences between the export trade of Malawi and Japan (2 marks) (ii) Using Figure 16, explain the advantages and disadvantages of international trade for LEDCs. (6 marks) 25 END OF QUESTIONS Turn over

32 32 There are no questions printed on this page ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT-HOLDERS AND PUBLISHERS Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. Question 1: Figure 1: NICCEA, GCSE Geography 1999, Paper 2, Higher Tier Question 2: Figure 2: Reproduced with permission from the Lonely Planet website Lonely Planet Publications Question 2: Figure 3: MJ READMAN AND FM MAYERS, The Dynamic World, Pearson 1990 Question 3: Figure 6: Changsheng Li Question 4: Figure 9: Question 5: Figure 11a: From The Human Environment by BOB DIGBY. Reprinted by permission of Harcourt Education Question 5: Figure 11b: University Recycling Project at A.U.B Question 5: Figure 12: Reproduced by permission of WJEC Question 5: Figure 13: Reproduced by permission of Hodder & Stoughton, M HARCOURT AND SWARREN, Tomorrow s Geography, 1997 Question 6: Figure 14: Reprinted by kind permission of the New Internationalist. Copyright New Internationalist. Question 6: Figure 15: ITDG/Neil Cooper Question 6: Figure 16: Reproduced by permission of WJEC Copyright 2006 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.

33 General Certificate of Secondary Education June 2006 GEOGRAPHY (SPECIFICATION A) 3031/2H Paper 2 Higher Tier Insert Monday 12 June pm to 3.00 pm Figure 6 Photo of rice farming - not reproduced here due to third-party copyright constraints. Insert to

34 Figure 9 Aerial photograph of Cambridge Science Park - not reproduced here due to third-party copyright constraints. Copyright 2006 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. Insert to