GCSE 4231/02 GEOGRAPHY (Specification A) HIGHER TIER UNIT 1 Core Geography

Transcription

1 Surname Other Names Centre Number 0 Candidate Number GCSE 4231/02 GEOGRAPHY (Specification A) HIGHER TIER UNIT 1 Core Geography P.M. TUESDAY, 4 June hour 45 minutes For s use Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 TOTAL MARKS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page. Answer all the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. Where the space is not sufficient for your answer, continue the answer at the back of the book, taking care to number the continuation correctly. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question. You are reminded that assessment will take into account the quality of written communication used in your answers that involve extended writing. CJ*(S )

2 2 Answer all questions. Theme 1 Water 1. (a) Study the map below. Map of the Conwy Valley A55 Afon Gyrach 610 Afon Tafalog CONWY Afon Gyffin A470 A55 KEY 400 m m m Afon Dulwyn Afon Roe Afon C onwy steep slopes (arrows point downhill) towns 735 Afon Porth-Llwyd 389 main roads Llyn Eigiau (reservoir) 798 Llyn Cowlyd (reservoir) Llyn Grafnant 503 Afon Grafnant Llyn Geirionydd A470 LLANRWST 28 A rivers 341 peak (height in metres) kilometres N (i) In what general direction does the Afon (River) Conwy flow? [1]... (ii) Give a six figure grid reference for Llyn Grafnant.... [1] (iii) What is the distance along the Afon Grafnant from its source in Llyn Grafnant to its confluence with Afon Conwy?... [1]

3 3 Study the map opposite and photograph below. A photograph of the Conwy Valley in flood (iv) Describe the relief of the catchment area of the Afon Conwy. [2] (v) Suggest why villages in the Conwy Valley are at risk of flooding. [4] Turn over.

4 4 (b) Study the following news article. BBC News: Should we change our approach to floodplain management? A government study says the cost of flood damage in England and Wales could rise from about 1bn a year to 20bn by Planners say a new sustainable approach to flood prevention must replace the old, expensive and unsustainable high walls approach where everything stays dry. Explain why many people believe that planners should change their approach to river and floodplain management in the future. [6] Use examples to help your answer.

5 5 Theme 2 Climate Change 2. (a) Study the graph below. Temperature ( C) 0.6 Average global land surface temperatures temperature ( C) above average average temperature ( ) 0.0 temperature ( C) below average (i) Describe the change in global temperature since [3] (ii) Explain how one piece of evidence, other than the change in global temperature, supports the idea that climate change is taking place. [3] Turn over.

6 6 (b) Study the world map below. Predicted change in average surface temperature by 2100 Arctic KEY: +5 C Tropic of Cancer North America Europe Asia +3 C +2 C +1 C Equator Tropic of Capricorn South America Africa Australasia 0 1 C Antarctica Describe the distribution of areas of the world that are predicted to have a +5ºC increase in average surface temperature. [3]

7 7 (c) Explain how governments and individuals can take actions to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and help create a low carbon future. [6] Use examples to help your answer Turn over.

8 8 Theme 3 Living in an Active Zone 3. (a) Study the satellite photograph and map below. Satellite photograph of Sicily Map of Sicily Trapani T y r r h e n i a n PALERMO S e a Messina Strait Messina Mt Etna Marsala Agrigento KEY: lowland hills mountains airport S ICILY Caltanissetta M e d i t e r r a n e a n Ragusa S e a Mt. Etna Catania Syracuse kilometres N (i) Describe the location of Mt Etna on the island of Sicily. [3] (ii) Name two primary hazards faced by people living near an active volcano. [2] (iii) Explain why some people choose to live close to active volcanoes despite the risks. [4]

9 9 (b) Study the photographs below. Monitoring an active volcano Slowing the lava flow Explain how the effects of volcanic eruptions may be reduced. [6] Use examples to help your answer Reuters/CORBIS Vittoriano Rastelli/CORBIS Turn over.

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11 11 Theme 4 Changing Populations 4. (a) Study the population pyramids below. TANZANIA Males Females Percent of Total Population AGE UNITED KINGDOM Males Females Percent of Total Population (i) Compare the population pyramids for Tanzania and the United Kingdom. [3] (ii) Explain how the population structure of the UK, or any other Western European country, is likely to cause problems for the country in the future. [4] Turn over.

12 12 (b) Study the map below. Total fertility rate (2009) Europe South Asia Average number of children per family 7-8 children 6-7 children 5-6 children 4-5 children 3-4 children 2-3 children 1-2 children Tanzania (i) Give the average number of children per family for Tanzania. [1]... (ii) Compare total fertility rate in South Asia to that in Europe. [1]

13 13 (c) Describe the changes in birth rates in South Asia in recent years. Explain why these changes have occurred. [6] Use examples to help your answer. Turn over.

14 14 Theme 5: Globalisation 5. (a) Study the line graph and text box below. Polish born people in employment in the UK Thousands Years Migrant workers In May 2004 eight eastern European nations joined the European Union. The largest group of people migrating to the UK for employment has been Polish workers. (i) Calculate the increase in Polish born people in employment in the UK between 2004 and [1]... thousands (ii) Explain the benefits of migrant workers to receiving countries such as the UK. [4]

15 15 (b) Study the diagram below. Trade between the European Union (EU) and the rest of the world European Union agricultural goods (126 million tonnes) manufactured products (207 million tonnes) fuels/mining products (203 million tonnes) EU EXPORTS (2008) EU IMPORTS (2008) agricultural goods (193 million tonnes) manufactured products (221 million tonnes) Rest of the world fuels/mining products (1 384 million tonnes) (i) The European Union (EU) is an example of a trading bloc. What is a trading bloc? [1] (ii) Use the diagram to describe the trade between the European Union (EU) and the rest of the world. [3] Turn over.

16 16 (iii) Explain how patterns of global trade have hindered economic development in the least developed countries. [6] Use examples to help your answer.

17 17 Theme 6: Development 6. (a) Study the maps below. Standard of living in Pakistan (measured using HDI) 35 N 30 N 65 E 70 E 75 E km C HINA N IRAN AFGHANISTAN Baluchistan Punjab Islamabad Lahore INDIA HDI measures wealth, education and health. It is scored out of 1.0. Places where the score is higher have a higher standard of living No data Sindh NORTH AMERICA EUROPE ASIA 25 N Arabian Sea Karachi SOUTH AMERICA AFRICA 65 E 70 E 75 E (i) In which continent is Pakistan?... [1] (ii) Give the latitude and longitude of Karachi. [1] Latitude Longitude Karachi (iii) Calculate the distance from Karachi to Islamabad.... km [1] (iv) Describe the distribution of places within Pakistan that have the highest standard of living (where HDI is greater than 0.7). [2] Turn over.

18 18 (b) Study the graph and table below. Countries receiving UK government aid 2009/10 Ghana Pakistan KEY Aid to African Countries Aid to South Asian Countries Tanzania Bangladesh Ethiopia India millions of aid Country Aid (millions) India 295 Ethiopia 214 Bangladesh 149 Tanzania 144 Pakistan 140 Ghana 90 (i) Complete the graph showing aid given to Ethiopia in 2009/10. [1] (ii) Calculate the total aid given to South Asian countries in the table. [1]... millions (iii) Describe one way in which government aid could help long term development. [2]

19 19 (c) Compare the progress in development made in recent years by South Asian countries such as India, with sub-saharan countries such as Tanzania. Use examples to help your answer. [6] END OF PAPER

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