TIME ALLOWED FOR THIS PAPER: MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR THIS PAPER: IMPORTANT NOTE TO CANDIDATES INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION

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1 TIME ALLOWED FOR THIS PAPER: Reading time before commencing work: Working time for this paper: 10 minutes 1 hour & 45 minutes MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR THIS PAPER: To be provided by the supervisor - This question and answer booklet To be provided by the candidate - Writing equipment IMPORTANT NOTE TO CANDIDATES No other items may be taken into the examination room. It is your responsibility to ensure that you do not have any unauthorised notes or other items of a nonpersonal nature in the examination room. All ipads, surfaces and mobile phones must be turned off and in your bag along with any other devices and notes. Bags are to be closed and placed under the desk. INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES 1. Read through the paper to familiarise yourself with all questions. 2. Use a blue or black ballpoint / ink pen. 3. Write your answers in this booklet. AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION At the end of the examination make sure that your name is on your booklet and any other pieces of paper used.

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3 Structure of this paper Section Part Number of questions Suggested working time (minutes) Marks available Marks Attained Section One: Multiple Choice A (Geography) /23 B (Civics) /15 Section Two: Short Answer A (Geography) 7 25 /49 B (Civics) 3 20 /18 Section Three: Skills & Analysis A (Geography) 2 20 /20 B (Civics) 6 20 /18 Section Total Marks Percentage A (Geography) 20% /92 B (Civics) 10% /51 Instructions to candidates 1. Sitting this examination implies that you agree to abide by the examination rules set down by Kinross College. 2. Answer the questions in the space provided. 3. You must be careful to confine your responses to the specific questions asked and to follow any instructions that are specific to a question. 4. This examination contributes towards your report. If you have any questions, please ask them during the ten-minute reading time. 5. Manage your time wisely. Always provide examples. Make sure that what you have written makes sense. Do not turn the page until asked to do so 3

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5 PART A: GEOGRAPHY Section One: Multiple Choice Instructions: Please read each question carefully and provide a response in the answer column. (23 Marks) No. QUESTION ANSWER 1 A microclimate is: a) a small climate in the atmosphere b) a small climate within an existing climate c) our daily weather d) where our climate is created in the atmosphere 2 True or False: The layer of the atmosphere in which we live in is called the Stratosphere. 3 What is the ozone layer? Choose the best definition. a) A layer in the atmosphere b) The ozone layer destroys the atmosphere c) Ozone is a natural layer of air d) Contains a high level of ozone which absorbs ultraviolet radiation 4 Which of the following natural processes do you think produce greenhouse gasses? a) Ocean waves b) Evaporation of water c) Landslides d) Volcanic eruptions 5 As air pollution continues to be released into the atmosphere, what becomes more depleted, resulting in an increase of ultraviolet radiation on earth? a) Oceans b) Rainforests c) Ozone layer d) Carbon dioxide 6 What are greenhouse gases? a) Heat-trapping gases found in the Earth s atmosphere b) Vapours emitted from a green house c) Smog d) New eco-friendly fuels for cars 5

6 7 What can you do to stop global warming? a) Use the beach instead of public pool b) Walk, bike, or take public transport instead of driving c) Eat more meat d) Take more holidays using aircraft as a means of transport 8 True or False: Green House Effect is important in our atmosphere. 9 Without the natural Greenhouse Effect our planet s average temperature would be: a) 15 C b) 18 C c) -15 C d) -18 C 10 The Kyoto Protocol is: a) A worldwide agreement to reduce carbon emission b) An agreement in Australia to reduce carbon emission c) A worldwide agreement to reduce carbon emission introduced by Leonardo Di Caprio d) An agreement to re-home citizens in low lying countries 11 A possible consequence of Climate Change is: a) sea levels rising b) Increase in temperature c) Increase rainfall and storms d) All of the above 12 True or False: We can reduce greenhouse gas emissions? 13 True or False: Maslows Hierarchy of Needs is based on the vital needs for survival? 14 True or False: Bhutan measures its success as a country based on the idea of GNH (Gross National Happiness) 6

7 15 What type of map is this? a) Political map b) Physical map c) Topographic map d) Choropleth map 16 The El Nino effect is? a) A town in South America with a large number of mammals called Ninos b) A term used to describe the average temperature range for a region c) An irregular and complex series of climatic changes in the Pacific region d) The name of a mountain range named after an explorer 17 What is meant by biodiversity? Select the best description. a) The number of different types of dwellings people live in b) The variety of plant and animal life in the world or habitat c) The diverse range of insects found in a habitat d) The diverse range of species on land 18 Today zoos across the world focus on? a) Finding exotic animals to draw people in b) Entertaining people c) Stopping the trafficking of animals d) Conserving threatened and endangered species 19 What is humanitarianism? a) The concern for the welfare of other human beings b) A focus on human welfare c) Giving aid to relieve human suffering d) All of the above 20 True or false? Water vapour is the most common greenhouse gas 21 An NGO is? a) Non-government Outlay b) Non-government Official c) Non-government Organisation d) New Goal Orientation 7

8 22 What is the best definition of human wellbeing? a) Human wellbeing is directly related to the amount of money earned b) The ability of people to access the things they need in order to live happy, healthy and contented lives c) Human wellbeing relates directly to the GDP of a country d) The amount of aid given by a country 23 Which of the following is NOT an environmental issue in Australia? a) Deforestation b) Salinity c) The introduction of exotic species of plants and animals d) Planting trees 8

9 SECTION TWO: GEOGRAPHY - SHORT ANSWERS Directions: Please attempt to answer all questions. 1. Define the term global warming. (2 Marks) 2. Explain the concept of a natural greenhouse effect. Provide two examples. (2 Marks) 3 Explain the connection between an increased greenhouse effect and global warming. (4 Marks) 9

10 4 Label the diagram (Some of the causes of human induced climate change) below using the keywords/phrases provided. Write the number in the correct box. (8 Marks) Read each description carefully and write the corresponding number in the box. Methane from animals and nitrous oxide from fertilisers 1 Fluorinated gases from propellants and coolants 2 Carbon dioxide from aeroplane travel 3 Carbon monoxide from motor vehicles 4 Carbon dioxide from forest clearing and burning 5 Solar Radiation 6 Carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels 7 Blanket layer of greenhouse gases traps solar radiation, warming the planet 8 10

11 5 If global warming continues list and describe four impacts on the environment and describe the follow-on consequences this has for people and society. (8 Marks) Impact on the environment 1 1 What this means for society

12 6 Does wealth equal wellbeing? (Explain why or why not!) (5 Marks) 12

13 7 Complete Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs. In each section include: The type of need, A short description of the need One example of that need Type of need Description of the need One example of that need 1. (15 Marks)

14 8 Label the layers of the atmosphere. (5 Marks) 14

15 SECTION THREE: GEOGRAPHY - SKILLS Cartoon Analysis Directions: Choose ONE (1) of the following cartoons and answer the following questions: (a) We found evidence of life but it wasn t very intelligent (b) Great news! At the current rate of global warming we should be able to just swim over there and eat him in under five years! (c) Assessing the impact of climate change 15

16 Cartoon Analysis (10 Marks) I have chosen (circle the cartoon you have chosen) a) b) c) 1. For whom (audience) is this cartoon intended? 2. What is the cartoon trying to get the audience to do? 3. What is the point of view or main focus of the cartoon? 4. What symbols, key words or well-known images are used? 5. How successful do you think this cartoon is? Explain your answer. 16

17 3. Extended Written Answers (10 Marks - 6 for causes and 4 for solutions ) Environmental degradation is a problem in Australia. Choose one of the following: a) Land (salinity) b) Coast/marine (pollution) c) Urban (deforestation) And, discuss the causes of the degradation and two effective solutions. 17

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19 Part Two: Civics and Citizenship Section One: Multiple Choice: Place the correct letter in the answer column. (15 Marks) Number Question Answer 1 Australia s system of government is based on the idea of: a) The Westminster System b) The London System c) The Australian System d) The New Zealand System 2 A Westminster system of government must consist of: a) Two houses b) A crown c) Two houses and a crown d) A president 3 Australia s government is based on: a) Democracy a) Theocracy b) Monarchy c) Oligarchy 4 A human right is: a) A right which is believed to belong to only men b) A right which is believed to belong to Australians only c) A right which is believed to belong to every person d) A right which is believed to belong to children only 5 The Crown is represented in Australia by the a) The General Governor b) The General Major c) The Governor Major d) The Governor General 6 In 1967 an important political event took place, which was? a) The moon landing b) Prime Minister Robert Menzies retired c) A referendum took place to remove discriminatory references about Aboriginal people d) Harold Holt (Prime Minister of Australia) died 7 The Constitution in Australia: a) Sets out the rules on how it can be governed b) Can be changed every year c) Can only be changed by the government d) Can never be changed 19

20 8 Federation took place a) To increase economic growth b) To improve national defence c) To enhance national identity d) All of the above 9 A referendum is: a) A vote to change the wording of the constitution b) A vote which has never been help in Australia c) Is a vote to change the government d) A vote which happens every 3 years in Australia 10 The high court is: a) Located in Perth b) The only court that has the power to interpret the Constitution c) The only court that has the power to change the Constitution d) The only court that can change state laws 11 The UN was developed in: a) 1932 b) 1946 c) 1945 d) True or False: A treaty is a form of contract between two parties (two countries or two international organisations from different countries). 13 Outlaw motor cycle gangs are an example of: a) Organised crime b) Vested interests c) Corruption d) Lawlessness 14 Asylum-Seekers are: a) Individuals granted complementary forms of protection b) Individuals who have sought international protection and whose claims for refugee status have not yet been determined. c) People or groups of individuals who have been forced to leave their homes or places of habitual residence d) People who come to Australia on working holiday visa. 15 What document protects our rights? a) The Bible b) The Constitution c) The Criminal Code of Conduct d) The Bill of Rights 20

21 SECTION TWO: Short Answer: Directions: Attempt to answer all questions. 1. List 4 features of the House of Representatives and 4 features of the Senate. (8 Marks) House of Representatives Senate 2. Explain two (2) roles of the high court. Given an example for each (2) examples. (4 Marks) 3. The OECD report describes a cohesive society as a force which fights exclusion and marginalisation, creates a sense of belonging and promotes trust within communities. In your own words explain how Australia (The lucky country) is a cohesive society. Focus on diversity, rights, democracy and laws that protect citizens. (6 Marks) 21

22 SECTION THREE: SKILLS - Analysing Data Immigration and refugees is an ongoing issue for many Australians. Table 1 will help you understand the acronyms used in the graphs and tables below. (1) Below is the most current data on immigration detention facilities. Boat people have long been the focus of media attention. What is the number of people arriving by boat (illegal maritime arrival)?... (1 Mark) (2) Explain what visa cancellation means (2 Marks) (3) How many children are in IDCs?.. (1 Mark) (4) Why do you think this is so?... 22

23 (2 Marks) (3) Explain the trend in population figures for population in immigration detention from (2 Marks) (4) Of the people held in immigration detention centres which nationalities might be fleeing religious or political persecution? (2 Marks) 23

24 (5) What is the trend of the number of children in the community under residence determination?..... (2 Marks) (6) What is the view of this cartoonist in relation to asylum seekers? What is being said about Australia s immigration policies? 24

25 (6 Marks) ***End of examination*** Please check that you have completed all questions. Check to make sure that your answers make sense. 25