A Study of Agri-Cultural Heritage Tourism Impacts Based on Residents Perception: Taking the Longji Terrace Site in Guilin as an Example

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1 Sept., 2013 Journal of Resources and Ecology Vol.4 No.3 J. Resour. Ecol (3) DOI: /j.issn x GIAHS A Study of Agri-Cultural Heritage Tourism Impacts Based on Residents Perception: Taking the Longji Terrace Site in Guilin as an Example TANG Xiaoyun 1 *, YU Xiaohui 2 and ZHANG Dongming 3 1 China Tourism Academy, Beijing , China; 2 Business and Tourism Management School, Yunnan University, Kunming , China; 3 Beijing International Studies University, Beijing , China Abstract: Most agro-cultural heritage tourism is community-based, for which the residents attitudes towards tourism development are of crucial importance. Taking Ping an Village as an example, the rice-terraced agro-cultural heritage in Guangxi, this study has probed into the interaction between the residents perception of the culture change because of tourism development and the tourism development itself by using a field investigation method and statistical analysis. The field investigation has been employed to make the research more comprehensive. By applying exploratory factor analysis, four significant tourism perceptions have been found. They are environment perception, relationship perception, benefits perception and rights perception. Based on the factor analysis, the research undertakes statistical analysis upon resident samples of different groups by means of Pearson correlation coefficient, independent samples t-test and analysis of variance. The results show that although there exists different views from different residents,in general he residents hold a positive attitude towards developing heritage tourism. However, some existing problems such as environmental pollution, cultural reconstruction, the absence of residents rights and unreasonable income distribution have seriously restricted the development of heritage tourism, which is specifically embodied in the following four points. Firstly, residents are discontented with the environmental pollution in the area. Residents attitude towards future tourism development reflects a high correlation with positive perceptions of the village community. Secondly, residents are satisfied with community relationships after tourism has developed. The degree of satisfaction is relatively high for those who are not operating tourism, but low for families with poor annual tourism income. Thirdly, residents are dissatisfied with the distribution of income from tourism. Families with relatively high annual tourism income show a lower degree of satisfaction. Fourthly, residents are not satisfied with their lack of rights in decision-making, in community participation and in tourism development. Residents who are educated to the secondary level show the highest degree of satisfaction in decision-making authority. Finally, some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions have been put forward to resolve the problems existing in the process of tourism development. Key words: phenology;agro-cultural heritage; tourism; residents perception; effect; Ping an Village, Longji 1 Introduction The Social and cultural impact of tourism includes the changes taking place in the value system, individual behavior, family relationships, lifestyle safety, ethical behavior, creative expression, traditional rituals and community organizations which are perceived by local residents along with tourism development (Fox 1977). In recent years, with the accelerating development of tourism, rice terraces, as an agricultural heritage system, have given rise to many social and cultural problems such as an ever- expanding wealth gap, decline of social security and intergenerational imbalances Received: Accepted: Foundation: the scientific research subject of National Tourism Administration of The People s Republic of China (11TACG021). * Corresponding author: TANG Xiaoyun. tcloudy@163.com

2 268 of cultural heritages which should not be ignored. Banaue Rice Terraces of Philippines is one of the first Protection pilots (GIAHS) first designated by the FAO. The Banaue Rice Terraces were awarded the name of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage site in But problems such as rapid urbanization, transformation of methods of land use and cropping systems as well as stress triggered by overcrowding have plunged two in five of the terraces into the list of Heritage in Danger.Similar to the conditions in the Banaue Rice Terraces, tourism development has also brought about conspicuous social and cultural impacts in Longji Terraces. Having been influenced by modern industrial and urban civilization, profound changes have taken place in the ideology, faith and behavior of local residents. Impacts of tourisms activities on local social culture are much deeper than those on the terrace ecological system. Therefore, it is unrealistic to measure the impact of tourism activities on destinations merely from the perspective of the natural environment and ecological change. What is more important is to reveal tourism impacts on society and culture. Local community residents are not only the carrier, but also the heart of local social culture and are therefore closely affected by social and cultural change. These changes are first reflected in the physical environment and the habits of local community residents, and then in their spirit world, reflecting their attitudes towards tourism development. So, by researching resident perceptions of social and cultural change, scholars can study the impacts of tourism on society and culture in tourism destinations. Since Mathieson and Wall (1982) proposed the view that perception and attitudes of local residents should be emphasized in the study of socio-cultural impact of tourism in 1982, King et al. (1993), Burns (1996), Allen et al. (1998), Brunt and Courtney (1999), Mason and Cheyne (2000), Teye et al. (2002), Kotuwegoda Palliyaguruge Latith Chandralal (2010) all studied socio-cultural impacts of tourism from the perspective of residents perception.in the study measuring the impact of tourism on socio-cultural community conditions, Lanktord and Howard (1994), Ap and Crompton (1998) has had the greatest academic significance. Nowadays, achievements of measurement of social and cultural impacts of tourism mainly focused on the improvement of its content. Based on the results of these two forms of study, this work sums up the research results mentioned above, and builds measurement indexes according to the features of the agricultural culture heritage destination. There are three aspects of other measurement index adopted: social structure, which includes interpersonal relationship, tourism immigrants and so forth; social environment, which includes moral values and social security; and cultural structure which includes language, national customs and traditional crafts and so on. At the same time, there are also measurements of local residents attitudes, prospects and expectation about tourism development to analyze the relationship between local Journal of Resources and Ecology Vol.4 No.3, 2013 residents psychological expectations and attitudes towards social and cultural changes. The specific questions soliciting date from local residents is illustrated in Table 1. 2 Methods 2.1 Research design The measurement of residents perception of society and culture belong to anthropological and psycho-sociological research areas. The course of this study focuses on the fieldwork method and emphasizes that every judgment must be based on the foundation of solid investigation and evidence (Huang and Luo 2008).We applied the indepth interview method and questionnaire investigation to collect original material. Absorbing the research of Ap and Crompton (1998), this paper refined the measurement index of social and cultural influence of agricultural cultural heritage and designed a questionnaires survey. There are three parts to the questionnaire. The first part includes demographic information and related control variables, such as degree of education, time of participation in tourism management, annual income of tourism business, type of tourism management one is engaged in. The second part includes 15 questions measuring residents attitudes towards the social and cultural influences of tourism. We tried to survey respondents subjective judgments and feelings through a half quantitative method. The 15 questions are divided into the change level part and the like degree part, which were all measured by Likert scales. Among them, Substantially reduced, reduced, unchanged, Increased and Substantially increased degrees of change, while Very aversive, aversive, indifferent, Very fond, and Fond represent the preference of changes, scored 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 points respectively. The third part is about respondents attitudes towards the future development of the community as a tourism destination. Investigation data were analyzed by using SPSS16.0 statistical analysis software. At the same time, a mathematical model and statistical methods were also utilized to do comprehensive analysis. Firstly, Fishbein s attitude model which as transformed by Ap and Crompton (1998) and Ming (2010) method were applied in empirically calculating the resident attitudes towards social and cultural changes. The detailed steps are as follows: to begin with, residents perception of variations of social and cultural changes (D) was measured. Then, residents preference (E) to the changes was measured. Lastly, geometric mean of perception (D) and preference (E) were used to obtain local residents attitude towards their percieved social and cultural changes. Calculation formulas are: D 5 j= xd i i (1) n= 1 D j represents residents perception of variations of change about a certain social-culture feature; x i represents the proportion of change degree of every measurement

3 TANG Xiaoyun, et al.: A Study of Agri-Cultural Heritage Tourism Impacts Based on Residents Perception: Taking the Longji Terrace Site in Guilin as an Example 269 Table 1 Measurement indicators of residents perceptions of tourism impacts. Factor/Dimensions Expectations of tourism development Cultural identity Perception of changes Attitude to the future Measurement index P1 What is your expectation of the future tourism development in the village? P2 What is your expectation of the impact on your family along with tourism development? P3 Do you love your own ethnic traditional culture? False question? Along with tourism development: A1 changes of your family s income (degree and attitude) A2 changes of your family relationships (degree and attitude) A3 changes of Neighborhoods in your village. (degree and attitude) A4 changes of Zhailao s 1) power and rights (degree and attitude) A5 changes in the number of outside operators (degree and attitude) A6 changes of relationship between the village and other villages (degree and attitude) A7 changes of infrastructure in the village (degree and attitude) A8 changes of social security of the village (degree and attitude) A9 changes of social ethos in the village (degree and attitude) A10 changes of lifestyle in the village (degree and attitude) A11 changes of honesty degree (includes degree and attitude) A12 changes of style and features of traditional architecture (degree and attitude) A13 changes of ethnic costumes (degree and attitude) A14 changes of national Festivals of the village (degree and attitude) A15 changes of villagers traditional faith (degree and attitude) Z1 What do you think about the tourism development? Z2 Whether you will support the policies and actions in terms of future tourism development? Z3 Will you continue or stop the development of tourism? 1) Zhailao system, which is also called cunlao or dulao system, is a kind of villagers self management system which has been pursued by generations of the Zhaung People since their ancestors entered the patriarchal clan commune, and has been maintained until the eve of This system is to maintain the order of the village and the villagers rights and interests, the village seniors, elected democratically, who then exercise their responsibilities. index; d i represents the number of change degrees of every measurement index; and 5 represents the 5 levels scale. 5 E = xe (2) j i i n= 1 E j represents residents preference to the change of a certain social culture; x i represents the proportion of change degree of every measurement index; e i represents the number of change degree of the measurement index; and 5 represents 5 levels scale. A j = D j E j (3) A j represents residents attitudes towards social and cultural changes of a tourist attraction. General attitude (A) was defined as the mean of summed attitude value of N matters. The computation formula is as follows: j A= A / n (4) j= 1 j Secondly, attitude difference analysis of Different residents groups was made through a T test of independent samples. Meanwhile, the Pearson correlation analysis method was also applied to study related factors of residents attitudes towards social and cultural changes. 2.2 Survey region The agricultural system of Ping an village in Longsheng is a typical rice terrace system. Ping an village is 10 km away from Heping township where it is located in the northeast, with a distance of 21 km between Longsheng country and 103 km between Guilin City. Ping an village is a typical village with a population of 800 and an area of m 2 where the Zhuang People lives. There are191 homes in eight groups in total. Among them, there are 161 homes with 713 persons living in the vicinity of Seven Stars With Moon Site. Wooden storied buildings with cabinet column structure have been maintained in Ping an village, which is a representative construct in the northern area of Guangxi. Its terraced fields snakes through a landscape of magnificent scenery. The tourism industry has been developed since the middle and late stage of the 1980s in Ping an village, which became one of the earliest terrace tourist destinations in China. Many typical problems emerged during the process of tourism development, however, so this paper intends to illustrate a case study based on Ping an village and to discuss the influence imposed by tourism on local society, culture and the development of tourism industry. 2.3 Data acquisition The data of this paper were mainly obtained using a Questionnaire investigation method and One to one indepth interviews. In September 2011, we investigated 100

4 270 homes of Ping an village resorting to sampling framework combining in-depth interviews method and method. The average time of each interview was about 60 minutes. The household was adopted as the basic unit of our research which contained 100 samples, 90 copies of which were returned. Among these were 86 usable questionnaires, so the effective rate was 86%. In the analytical process, and we deleted some exceptional values, considering their influence on fitting the model. 2.4 Data processing Basic situation of respondents The basic situation of respondents includes every family s size and composition, educational background of every family member, involvement in tourism education and training, main source of family income, and annual income from a business related to tourism. Judging from the statistical results shown in Table 2, we can come to the conclusion that people living in Ping an village mainly engage in tourism for a living. The number of villagers participating in tourism accounts for 86.1%, with the income generated from tourism amounting to 85% of their total income, and the number of villagers whose annual income from tourism ranges from to CNY, accounts for 40.8%. As expected, ninety-five percent of villagers interviewed expressed a love for their culture Almost all villagers acknowledged that cultural changes had taken placed after the development of tourism. In comparison with other villages, Ping an village, is a relatively mature destination, whose tourism industry has become the main part of the local economy. In this way, the industrial structure of many such villages has changed a lot Data reliability analysis We analyzed data reliability before performing data analysis. The relatively high standard of reliability demonstrated that the questionnaire survey has sound stability and consistency. We adopted the internal consistency evaluation coefficient, i.e., Cronbach α. If Cranach α is higher than 0.70, the data will show relatively high reliability. In our research, there Journal of Resources and Ecology Vol.4 No.3, 2013 are 35 indexes of reliability analysis. The Cronbach α of total table is higher than 0.845, which means that every index is trustworthy and we can take further action. 3 Results and analysis 3.1 The basic attitudes of residents towards local social and cultural change Perception of residents about social-culture change We obtained the results in Table 3 by applying SPSS16.0 and Excel 2003 software. Judging from the degree of positive changes of perception of residents about social culture change, the following are conspicuous: significances of the index such as A5 foreign operators, A10 remove all variable numbers lifestyle, A11 honesty and friendliness, A7 infrastructure. Judging from the negative change perspective, the significances of variables such as A4 senior s right, A12 ethnic architecture, A10 lifestyle are clear. The specific performances are as follows: The constant-increase in family income is often a c c o m p a n i e d b y a g r o w t h i n t h e n u m b e r o f foreign operators (tourism immigrants) and related infrastructure; Great changes have taken place in the lifestyle of the local resident; The ethnic style of local architecture is being eroded whereas there are subtle changes in the ethnic costumes; The degree of harmony among neighbours declined, the rights of seniors decreased, the relationship among the villagers came to be strained and the social ethos deteriorated Residents preferences of socio- cultural change From the aspect of residents preferences of social culture changes, family relations hold the highest rate of satisfaction (score is 4.04), and the changes in social security as well as lifestyle are comparatively satisfactory results, with a score of 3.95 and 3.88 respectively. However, residents negative reflect on some changes such as senior s right, A14 ethnic festival, A15 traditional beliefs, among which A4 senior s right scored the lowest with The Table 2 Basic descript of the respondents in relation to tourism. Characteristics Category (%) Characteristics Category (%) Family s population 4 (41.7) Main source of Tourism (85.0) 5 8 (52.0) family income Engaging in farming (43.8) 9 (6.3) Working out (11.3) Involvement in tourism Yes (16.0) Others (15.0) training No (84.0) Annual income of 0.3 ten thousand and below (15.8) Educational background Junior middle school level or below (64.2) business related ten thousand CNY (10.5) High school or technical secondary school level (17.9) to tourism ten thousand CNY (17.1) Tertiary level (17.9) ten thousand CNY (40.8) Whether participate in tourism business or not Yes (86.1) Above 3.0 ten thousand CNY (15.8) No (13.9)

5 TANG Xiaoyun, et al.: A Study of Agri-Cultural Heritage Tourism Impacts Based on Residents Perception: Taking the Longji Terrace Site in Guilin as an Example 271 specific performances are as follows: Residents show negative attitudes towards changes in family income, senior s right, ethnic festival and traditional beliefs; Residents are satisfied with the consequence of changes in family relations, lifestyle and social security; Residents have a high tolerance for the changes in relationship among villagers, neighbors, social ethos and ethnic styles of local architecture brought by the development of tourism Resident attitudes towards social and cultural change Based on the calculated results of Attitude Model, A4 senior s right scores the lowest which is 6.61, implying that the arrangement of senior rights which is an informal system in traditional agricultural communities like Ping an village has enjoyed popular supports. Attitude value of A15 traditional beliefs, A14 ethnic festival, A5 relationship between villages, A12 ethnic architecture and so forth are below 10, which imply that residents show a discreet attitude towards changes of spiritual aspects of traditional culture. However, they are dissatisfied with changes of hanging house, which is a symbol building of Zhuang People. On the other hand, attitude value of A10 lifestyle is the highest with a score of 14.53, followed by A5 relationship between villages and A2 family relations, Table 3 Respondent attitudes to the social and cultural impact of tourism. Index Substantially reduced Perception of the degree of changes (%) Reduced Unchanged Increased Substantially increased Perception (D) Standard deviation A1 family income A2 family relations A3 neighbourhood A4 senior s right A5 foreign perators A6 Relationship between the village A7 infrastructure A8 social security A9 social ethos A10 lifestyle A11 honesty and friendliness A12 ethnic architecture A13 ehnic costumes A14 ethnic festival A15 traditional beliefs Mean value / / / / / 3.24 / Index Very aversive Preference for change (%) Aversive Indifferent Fond Very fond Preference (E) Standard deviation Attitude value (A) A1 family income A2 family relations A3 neighbourhood A4 senior s right A5 foreign perators A6 Relationship between the village A7 infrastructure A8 social security A9 social ethos A10 lifestyle A11 honesty and friendliness A12 ethnic architecture A13 ehnic costumes A14 ethnic festival A15 traditional beliefs Mean value / / / / / 3.40 / 11.02

6 272 with a score of and respectively, demonstrating that residents are relatively satisfied with the changes of lifestyle, and they show an optimistic attitude towards immigration in tourism and family relations. Comprehensively speaking, residents of Ping an village have perceived changes of various levels. There are discrepancy in their perception of and preference to the changes in terms of society and culture. In addition, the scores of perception are higher than that of preference, showing that residents living in mature destination are lenient with social and cultural changes lets discuss. 3.2 Discrepancy of residents attitudes towards social and cultural influences and correlation analysis Discrepancy of different resident s attitudes towards social and cultural influences We adopted T inspection of two independent samples. If criteria F 0.05, then the hypothesis of equal variance can be rejected and we infer that there are differences between group variances. If T 0.05, we can conclude that there are differences between group means. The research tasks were divided into groups according to the index whether to participate in tourism business or not, annual income of business related to tourism and Whether they approve of their own culture or not. By comparing discrepancy of General attitude among different groups, we came to conclude that residents who are engaged in the tourism industry have a higher tolerance for social and cultural change (F=0.044, T=0.437), and high annual incomes from businesses related to tourism do not equal high level tolerance (F=0.077, T= 0.079). The attitudes of resident towards social and cultural influences have nothing to do with their ethnic culture (F=0.593, T= 0.900). Journal of Resources and Ecology Vol.4 No.3, Correlation analysis of residents attitudes We undertook Pearson correlation analysis and obtained results similar to the T inspection of the independent sample. That is, residents attitudes towards social and cultural influences have nothing to do with an ethnic culture, while they do have a significant correlation with family income, personal relations, social security and other elements. The specific results are shown in Table 4. Resident attitudes towards social and cultural changes are correlated significantly with family income. It means that family income has a major impact on the attitude; The resident attitude to social culture changes has nothing to do with the fact whether they acknowledge their own culture or not; Residents attitudes towards social and cultural changes have a significant correlation with relationship among the villages, infrastructure, ethnic architecture, ethnic costumes, local festivals and traditional beliefs, and relatively significant correlation with lifestyle; Changes of family income, foreign operators, social security and ethnic architecture have significant correlation with residents attitudes towards the future of tourism development, namely that family income and foreign operators have a large effect on resident attitudes towards the future of tourism development. 4 Discussion Taking Ping an village, the rice-terraced agro-cultural heritage in Guangxi as an example, this study has probed into the interaction between the residents perception on tourism development and the future of tourism development. Results show that tourism developments do influence the Table 4 The survey results of respondents attitude to the social and cultural impact of tourism. Index Pearson correlation Z1 general attitude Z2 attitude towards the future A1 Family income Pearson correlation 0.218* 0.389** P3 Whether approve of their own culture or not Pearson correlation Social structure A2 family relations Pearson correlation A3 neighbourhood Pearson correlation A4 senior right Pearson correlation A5 foreign perators Pearson correlation ** A6 Relationship between the village Pearson correlation 0.372** Social environment A7 infrastructure Pearson correlation 0.300** 0.214* A9 social ethos Pearson correlation * A11honesty and friendliness Pearson correlation A8 social security Pearson correlation ** Culture structure A12ethnic architecture Pearson correlation 0.346** 0.248** A13 ethnic costumes Pearson correlation 0.457** 0.233* A10 lifestyle Pearson correlation 0.274* A14 ethnic festival Pearson correlation 0.451** A15 traditional beliefs Pearson correlation 0.454** 0.229* ** Represents that it is remarkable at 0.01 level; * Represents that it is remarkable at 0.05 level.

7 TANG Xiaoyun, et al.: A Study of Agri-Cultural Heritage Tourism Impacts Based on Residents Perception: Taking the Longji Terrace Site in Guilin as an Example 273 social and culture attitudes towards agro-cultural heritage. Furthermore, the rise of family incomes, the increasing number of tourism immigrants, social security, architecture, costumes etc. will have a direct effect on the future policy and attitudes towards tourism development. On the whole, the social culture and resident attitude is in a positive trend. Under the correct guidance and regulation, the negative influence could be reduced or even eliminated. 4.1 Establishing local organizations and supervising the development of community culture resources in heritage areas In order to cater to the needs of the tourists, the tourism enterprises and local residents often misuse and abuse the traditional cultural resources after the development of tourism in heritage areas, which causes serious cultural distortion over time. The area in the case study reflects the abuse of Zhuang costume culture, the formalization of festivals and ceremonies, fictional folk songs and so on. This is mainly because there is no institution representing the heritage community culture to maintain the rights of the culture. Establishing local organizations closely connected with the community culture to supervise and guide the usage and management of the cultural resources in the process of tourism development is needed Such an institution can reduce the misuse by the enterprises and individuals of the cultural resource, and propose schemes and guidelines that will enhance the local heritage while educating themselves and visitors on what the treasures are that they have in their village and how to preserve them. 4.2 Focusing on the participation of residents and promoting their conscious construction of culture Residents are the subject in the process of preserving culture. Practically, a high degree of community participation will strengthen residents awareness and need for the protection of their culture. Community participation affords the internal dynamics and supportive conception for the residents who self-consciously protect and preserve their culture. The cultural inheritance function of tourism can be upgraded and transformed while the traditional culture can be inherited and passed on. Community tourism provides not only a platform, but also a pillar for the traditional culture, the economic as well as social values. Under the contemporary social transformative conditions, the conscious construction of the ethic of cultural inheritance should be highlighted. Especially minorities should be encouraged to participate in their cultural preservation. 4.3 Establishing a proper mechanism for the distribution of interests in order to guarantee mutual development among community residents In the current stage, residents attitudes towards cultural heritage are limited by the shortage of a deeper understanding and recognition of culture. However, a historical process is needed for the merge of cultural heritage between instrument rationality and value rationality. Meanwhile, a higher requirement for the idiosyncratic nature of the culture itself is also needed. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the application of instrument rationality and then the reinforcement of publicity of value rationality. In terms of heritage community, it is to set up interest allocation mechanism by the way of using cultural resource properly so that residents can not only heritage and carry forward the culture but also benefit from the tourism development in ethnic culture. 4.4 The relevant authorities should use the informal system of community reasonability, and strengthen the permeation of culture in the young generation To strengthen the informal institutions (such as the case of Zhailao system) application within the permission of the formal system and the scope of the fully respect the local customs of traditional agricultural community. In the meanwhile, they should also strengthen the education about heritage and cultural value in the young generation through the NGO and other experts volunteer organizations of heritage sites, which will make the young people break through the culture in economic value tool rationality and understand the cultural heritage internal ecological aesthetics, intrinsic value, realize the self-consciousness of the cultural heritage. References Allen L R, P T Long, R R Perdue, S Kieselbach The impact of tourism development on resident s perception of community life. Journal of Travel Research, 27(1): Ap J and Crompton J L Developing and testing a tourism impact scale. Journal of Travel Research, (37): Brunt P, P Courtney Host perceptions of socio- cultural impact. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(3): Burns D Attitude towards tourism development. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(4): Fox M The social impact of tourism: A challenge to researchers and planners. In: Finney B and B Watson (Eds.). A New Kind of Sugar: Tourism in the Pacific. Santa Cruz: University of California-Santa Cruz Center for South Pacific Studies, Huang Y L, Luo S F Study on residents perceptions of agri-tourism impacts in minority areas Yi People s Bell Dance. Guizhou Ethnic Studies, (3): (in Chinese) King B, A Pizam, A Milman Social impacts of tourism: Host perceptions. Annals of Tourism Research, 20(4): Kotuwegoda Palliyaguruge Latith Chandralal Impacts of tourism and community attitude towards tourism: A case study in Sri Lanka. South Asian Journal of Tourism and Heritage, 3(2):49. Lankford S V, D Howard.1994.Developing a tourism impact attitude scale. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(1): Mason P, J Cheyne Resedents attitudes to proposed tourism development. Annals of Tourism Research, 27 (2): Mathieson A, G Wall Tourism: economic, physical and social impacts. Harlow: Lonman, Ming Q Z Research on effect of tourism development. Beijing: Science Press, 63. 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8 274 Journal of Resources and Ecology Vol.4 No.3, 2013 居民感知视角的农业遗产地旅游社会文化影响研究 以桂林龙脊平安寨为例 唐晓云 1, 于晓辉 2 3, 章东明 1 中国旅游研究院, 北京 ; 2 云南大学工商管理与旅游管理学院, 昆明 ; 3 北京第二外国语学院, 北京 摘要 : 对大多数社区型农业文化遗产地的旅游发展前景而言, 居民对旅游发展的态度是至关重要的 论文以稻作梯田农业文化遗产地 广西龙脊平安寨为个案, 采用田野调查和统计分析方法, 通过测算案例地居民对社会文化变化的态度值, 探讨了该类型旅游地居民的旅游开发社会文化变化的感知及其对旅游发展的影响 结果表明 :(1) 旅游开发将使农业遗产地的社会文化发生较大变化, 且总体上呈正向发展 ;(2) 不同特征居民对社会文化的态度存在差异, 但总体上对变化持积极态度 ;(3) 家庭收入 旅游移民 社会治安 建筑服饰等文化因素的变化将直接影响居民对该地未来旅游发展的态度 ;(4) 只要能正确引导 调控和疏导其变化方向, 旅游地社会文化变化的负面影响可以减少乃至消除, 并促进旅游地更好的发展 论文还对旅游开发中的社会文化影响调控提出了相应的对策建议 关键词 : 农业文化遗产 ; 旅游 ; 居民感知 ; 影响 ; 龙脊平安寨