DOI: / Lessons in Sustainable Development from Japan and South Korea

Transcription

1 DOI: / Lessons in Sustainable Development from Japan and South Korea

2 Comparative Studies of Sustainable Development in Asia Series Editor: Sara Hsu, Assistant Professor, SUNY New Paltz, USA This series examines sustainable development in various countries in Asia, using a common framework with which to explore social, economic and environmental regulations and practices such as water pollution and consumption, income inequality and healthcare, and biodiversity. In each Palgrave Pivot book of about 30,000 words, we explore the sustainable development frameworks of two countries, laying out their progress in this area and comparing the two to highlight policy recommendations. The consistent sustainable framework applied to each country allows us to examine and compare sustainable development sub-topics across countries, and to clearly note the gaps in progress among countries. The common framework also allows us to highlight, among countries, which policies and experiments have been most successful. Titles include: Sara Hsu, Michio Naoi and Wenjie Zhang LESSONS IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FROM JAPAN AND SOUTH KOREA Sara Hsu LESSONS IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FROM CHINA & TAIWAN DOI: /

3 Lessons in Sustainable Development from Japan and South Korea Sara Hsu Assistant Professor, State University of New York at New Platz, USA Michio Naoi Associate Professor, Keio University, Japan and Wenjie Zhang Researcher, University of Texas at Austin, USA DOI: /

4 Lessons in Sustainable Development from Japan and South Korea Copyright Sara Hsu, Michio Naoi and Wenjie Zhang, Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition All rights reserved. First published in 2014 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN in the United States a division of St. Martin s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number , of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave and Macmillan are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN: PDF ISBN: Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress. A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. First edition: doi: /

5 To my daughter, Asya (SH) To my daughter, Jane (WZ) DOI: /

6 Contents List of Figures List of Tables About the Authors vii ix xi Introduction 1 1 Theoretical Framework 3 2 Sustainable Development in Japan and South Korea 8 3 Sustainable Development Programs and Experiments 87 4 Directions for Future Study 92 Conclusion 96 References 98 Index 111 vi DOI: /

7 List of Figures 1.1 The interaction of geography, economic structure, well-being, and environment Energy consumption by sector, Production of electricity by power source in Japan, Changes in sulfur dioxide concentration, Average annual hours actually worked per person in employment Government debt and social expenditure in Japan, Industrial water use and water recycling in Japan, Vehicle ownership in Japan, R&D expenditure in selected countries, Household consumption by different purposes, Demographic change in South Korea, Female labor force participation in selected OECD countries, Gender wage gap among OECD countries in Gross public water supply (million m 3 ) Total groundwater extraction per capita (million m 3 ) 59 DOI: / vii

8 viii List of Figures 2.15 South Korea fixed broadband Internet subscribers, mobile subscriptions and Internet users per 100 people, Demographic change in South Korea, The percentage of social expenditure in total government expenditure of South Korea, DOI: /

9 List of Tables 2.1 Air pollution and monitoring stations in Japan, CO 2 emissions and factor decomposition in Japan Land use in Japan, (10 thousand ha, %) Natural disasters and the number of people killed in Japan, Aggregate material flows in Japan, (in 100 million tons) Gender wage and job tenure gap in Energy supply and demand in Japan, (in J [PJ]) Growth in energy, economic, demographic, and environmental indicators for Korea, South Korea and life expectancy Main causes of diseases in South Korea, Tobacco consumption of males, percentage of male population (15+) who are daily smokers in OECD countries Government expenditure for R&D by socio-economic objective ( ) Nationality of foreign residents in South Korea in Poverty rate by age groups ( ) Crime rates of South Korea ( ) (unit: per thousand) 75 DOI: / ix

10 x List of Tables 2.16 Crime types and the percentage of total crimes in 2011 and The perception of ordinary Korean on corruption within Korea Attained below upper secondary education, year-olds (%) Attained a tertiary education degree, year-olds (%) 80 DOI: /

11 About the Authors Sara Hsu is an assistant professor of economics at the State University of New York at New Paltz. She specializes in Chinese economic development, informal finance, and shadow banking. She has published one of the only English language books on the topic of Chinese informal finance, entitled Informal Finance in China: American and Chinese Perspectives, as well as one of the only Chineselanguage books on Chinese shadow banking. Sara has also published a number of articles and books on the topics of sustainable development, financial crises, and trade. Prior to working at the State University of New York at New Paltz, Sara was a visiting professor at Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas, and adjunct professor at the University of Texas at San Antonio and St Edward s University in Austin, Texas. She has also worked in the dot-com industry in New York. Sara earned her PhD from the University of Utah and her BA from Wellesley College. Michio Naoi is an associate professor at Keio University, where he holds joint appointments in the Faculty of Economics and the Panel Data Research Center, and is also a board member of the Asian Real Estate Society. He received his PhD in economics from Keio University in His research interests include housing market regulation and institutions; housing demand and house price dynamics; urban environment; and economic analysis of natural disasters. Recent publications have appeared in Regional Science and Urban Economics, Journal of Real Estate DOI: / xi

12 xii About the Authors Finance and Economics, Journal of Economic Issues, and Journal of Property Research, among others. Wenjie Zhang s research primarily focuses on the measurement of income inequality on a world scale. She is also interested in evaluating the social and political impacts of unbalanced development on different societies. As a leading member of the University of Texas Inequality Project, she publishes in different journals and conferences. During several summers, Wenjie has worked at the United Nations Development Program on African and other issues. Since February 2013 she has worked as a research consultant at the World Bank. Wenjie holds a Master s in statistics from the University of Texas at Austin and a Master s in Russian Studies from the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. She received her bachelor degrees in economics and Russian from Peking University, China. DOI: /