The Danish Welfare State

Transcription

1 The Danish Welfare State

2 The Danish Welfare State A Sociological Investigation Edited by Tea Torbenfeldt Bengtsson, Morten Frederiksen, and J ø rgen Elm Larsen

3 THE DANISH WELFARE STATE Copyright Tea Torbenfeldt Bengtsson, Morten Frederiksen, and J ø rgen Elm Larsen, Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition All rights reserved. First published in 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN in the United States a division of St. Martin s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number , of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave and Macmillan are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Danish welfare state : a sociological investigation / edited by Tea Torbenfeldt Bengtsson, Morten Frederiksen, and Jørgen Elm Larsen. pages cm Includes index. 1. Denmark Social policy. 2. Welfare state Denmark. I. Bengtsson, Tea Torbenfeldt. II. Frederiksen, Morten. III. Larsen, Jørgen Elm. HN547.D dc A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Knowledge Works (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: September

4 Contents List of Illustrations vii Introduction 1 Is Risk Transforming the Danish Welfare State? 3 Tea Torbenfeldt Bengtsson, Morten Frederiksen, and J ø rgen Elm Larsen Part I 2 Denmark from an International Perspective 25 Peter Abrahamson 3 Social Investment as Risk Management 41 Jon Kvist 4 Employment Relations, Flexicurity, and Risk: Explaining the Risk Profile of the Danish Flexicurity Model 57 Carsten Str ø by Jensen 5 Precarity and Public Risk Management: Trends in Denmark across Four Decades 73 Stefan B. Andrade 6 Toward a New Culture of Blame? 89 Morten Frederiksen Part II 7 When Family Life Is Risky Business Immigrant Divorce in the Women-Friendly Welfare State 109 Mai Heide Ottosen and Anika Liversage 8 The Risky Business of Educational Choice in the Meritocratic Society 125 Kristian Bernt Karlson and Anders Holm

5 vi Contents 9 Health in a Risk Perspective: The Case of Overweight 139 Nanna Mik-Meyer 10 Failing Ageing? Risk Management in the Active Ageing Society 153 Tine Rostgaard Part III 11 Controlling Young People Through Treatment and Punishment 171 Tea Torbenfeldt Bengtsson 12 Alcohol and Risk Management in a Welfare State 185 Margaretha J ä rvinen 13 The Tough and the Brittle: Calculating and Managing the Risk of Refugees 201 Katrine Syppli Kohl 14 Cash Benefit Recipients Vulnerable or Villains? 217 Dorte Caswell, J ø rgen Elm Larsen, and Stella Mia Sieling-Monas Conclusion 15 Risk Dynamics and Risk Management in the Danish Welfare State 235 Tea Torbenfeldt Bengtsson, Morten Frederiksen, and J ø rgen Elm Larsen Notes on Contributors 251 Index 257

6 Illustrations Figures 3.1 Social Investment Policies and Returns over the Life Course The Development of Temporary Employment in the 15 European Countries from 1980 to 2012 Using OECD Data Marginal Outcomes for Extreme Economic Marginalization with Control for Age and Gender for the Four Classes in 1980, 1990, 2000, and Development in Danes, Germans, and British Who Desire Increased Individual Responsibility, Danish Responses to Many of the Unemployed Do Not Really Want to Get a Job, in Percent Development in Danes, Germans, and British Who Think the Unemployed Should Accept Any Job Offered Development in Danes, Germans, and British Who Agree or Agree Strongly That It Is Humiliating to Receive Money without Having to Work for It Development in Danes, Germans, and British Who Are Concerned or Very Concerned When Answering, To What Extent Do You Feel Concerned about the Living Conditions of Unemployed People in [Country]? Fraction That Expects to Complete Upper Secondary Education (Gymnasium) among 14-Year-Olds and Their Parents in 1968 (1954 Cohort), Broken Down by Parental Highest Education Fraction That Expects to Complete University Education among 15-Year-Olds and Their Parents in 2011 (1995 Cohort), Broken Down by Parental Highest Education 134

7 viii Illustrations 10.1 Institutional Care and Home Care, Percentage of 65+, 2000 and Long-Term Care, and Share of GDP on Cash Benefits, Home Care, and Institutional Care, Tables 1.1 Four Different Approaches to Risk in This Book Three Ideal-Typical Models of Social Citizenship Functional Distribution of Social Rights in Denmark, 2014, with Reference to Main Categories of Risk Risk Profile in Different Countries: Forms of Flexibility and Security, Selected Countries (Level of Employment Protection/Level of Welfare) Individual Considerations about Risks Related to the Possibility of Being Unemployed Denmark versus the United States Corporate Interests among Trade Unions, Employer s Associations, and Governmental Bodies in the Danish Flexicurity Model and Risk Profile Idealized Principles of Family Structure of the Majority Population and of Major Non-Western Ethnic Minority Groups Living in Denmark Risk Ratios in Child Expectations between Highest and Lowest Parental Education Category, Controlling Successively for Academic Ability and Parental Expectations Take-Up of Home Care, Share of 65+ and 80+, 2008 and What Do You Consider to be Barriers in Order for You and Your Household to Become Self-Supporting? In Percent Did the Lower Benefit Increase Your Search, or That of Other Members in Your Household, for an Ordinary Job or Did It Make You More Discouraged Or Both? Percentage of Individuals and Families with Different Numbers of Deprivation Factors in Relation to Their Source of Income 225