Profile of Migration and Remittances: Estonia

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1 Profile of Migration and Remittances: Estonia June 2012 This profile of migration and in Estonia, as well as similar profiles for EU 10 and Western Balkan countries, attempts to provide consistent and reliable estimates of migration and. The profile also provides information on regulations on migration and. The goal of this profile is to promote improvement in data collection, monitoring of migration and remittance trends, as well as to inform policy makers and other stakeholders working on migration and. This profile will be updated annually using all available national and international sources. This country profile covers the following areas: (1) Migration stocks and flows (2) Remittances flows and channels (3) Regulations pertaining to migration and 1

2 (1) Migration stocks and flows Emigrant Stocks Table 1: Number of emigrants in 2010 (thousands) Destination Emigrant stock CIS Russian Federation 69.1 EU Sweden 15 Finland 18.6 Germany 6.1 Latvia 3.5 Ireland 3.5 United Kingdom 2.6 Other United States 12.7 Canada 6.1 Other countries 24.9 Total Note: Data is for foreign born population in the destination country. Foreign nationality data is used where this data is not available. Source: Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Table 2: Emigration of Physicians, stocks Year Number of physician emigrants Number of physicians in Estonia Medical Brain Drain , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % 2

3 , % , % , % Source: Bhargava, Alok, Frédéric Docquier and Yasser Moullan. Revised panel data set on physician emigration ( ). February Immigrant Stocks Table 3: Immigrant stock in 2010 (foreign nationals, thousands) Destination Emigrant stock CIS Russian Federation Ukraine 18.2 Belarus 10.7 EU Latvia 3.1 Lithuania 1.5 Finland 0.9 Other countries Total Source: Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Table 4: Immigrant stock in 2000 by gender and age group (foreign born, thousands) Age Group Male Female Total Unknown , , ,058 2,024 4, ,875 2,927 5, ,485 3,907 7, ,875 10, ,339 10,274 18, , , ,856 15,042 26, ,627 14, ,068 12,309 21, ,177 19,378 32, ,937 15,189 24, ,021 15,795 23, ,788 13, ,307 9,457 Total 102, , ,191 Source: Estonia census 2000 via UN Global Migration Database. 3

4 Migration flows Table 5: Flows of international migrants, persons Immigrants Emigrants Age group Total 35 1,436 3,884 1,784 4,610 4,658 Source: Statistics of Estonia; Statistical Database of Estonia ( Refugee population Table 6: Refugees, asylum seekers, internally displaced persons Country of asylum: Estonia Country of origin: Estonia Refugees People in refugee like situations Total refugees and people in refugee like situations Asylum seekers (pending cases) 9 39 Returned refugees IDPs protected/ assisted by UNHCR, incl. people in IDP like situations 1 Returned IDPs Stateless persons 97,749 Various Total population of concern 97,

5 Source: UNHCR 2011 Global Trends (2) Remittance flows and channels Remittance flows Table 7: Quarterly remittance flows (BPM5 Framework)* Inflows Outflows (US $, millions) Workers' Compensation of employees Migrants' transfers Migrant Workers' Compensation of employees Migrants' transfers Migrant 2008 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Source: IMF Balance of Payments Database * BPM5: The sixth edition of the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6, the Manual) published in 1993 serves as the standard framework for statistics on the transactions and positions between an economy and the rest of the world. 5

6 Table 8: Annual remittance flows (BPM5 Framework)* (US $, millions) Inflows Outflows Workers' Compensation of employees Migrants' transfers Migrant Workers' Compensation of employees Migrants' transfers Migrant Source: IMF Balance of Payments Database * BPM5: The sixth edition of the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6, the Manual) published in 1993 serves as the standard framework for statistics on the transactions and positions between an economy and the rest of the world. Table 9: Annual remittance flows (BPM6 Framework)* Inflows Outflows Compensation of employees Personal transfers o.w. Workers Personal Total Total and transfers Note: This section is currently blank but will be filled when BPM6 is implemented in Estonia * BPM6: The sixth edition of the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6, the Manual) published in 2007 serves as the standard framework for statistics on the transactions and positions between an economy and the rest of the world. Channels of flows providers Information flows through commercial banks, post offices, savings cooperatives, microfinance institutions, mobile money transfers is currently unavailable. 6

7 Remittance costs Table 10: Cost of sending to Estonia from Russia (percent) Amount sent=> $200 $ Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Source: World Bank Remittance Price Database (3) Regulations pertaining to migration and Table 11: Regulations pertaining to migration Immigration topic Regulation Institutions responsible for immigration Ministry of Internal Affairs ( Immigration regulations and laws The Aliens Act (2004) The Identity Documents Act (2000) Citizenship Act (1995) Source: IOM International Organization for Migration Comparative study of the laws in the 27 EU members states for legal immigration (2008) Immigration quotas by nationality of origin Not available Types of visas available for immigrants Short stay visas (category C), for a period of stay up to 90 days; and long term visas (category D), for a period of stay up to six month Source: IOM International Organization for Migration Comparative study of the laws in the 27 EU members states for legal immigration (2008) Types of occupations in which immigrants No are allowed Emigration topic Institutions responsible for emigration Restrictions on emigration Cost of passports and visas Dual citizenship Regulation Not available Not available Not available Not available 7

8 Table 12: Regulations pertaining to Remittances topic Regulation Institutions responsible for monitoring and National Bank of Estonia regulating ( Types of private sector firms allowed to Money transfer firms (Western Union, MoneyGram, etc) perform inward and outward remittance transactions Reporting requirement for data Reporting requirements exist but are different by type of by commercial banks and other types of provider. remittance service providers Restrictions on inward/outward transfers Not available Anti money laundering and combating the Not available financing of terrorism (AML CFT) requirements 8