2000 Decennial Census (SF-1), Table: P001, PCT005 and PCT007 Race/Ethnicity

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1 Technical Report for the State and Regional Profiles on the American Population and Asset-building Trends This Technical Report is a supplement to the state and regional narrative reports prepared for the Ford Foundation s Building Economic Security Over a Lifetime (BESOL) Initiative by the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) American Studies Center in May Both the Narrative Report and Technical Report are available for download at: The Technical Report is divided into three sections: (1) Methodology, (2) Definitions, and (3) Data Tables and Charts. Section 1: Methodology The Methodology section describes how the data was organized and analyzed in both the Technical and Narrative Reports. This section includes the following subsections: Data Sources and Limitations, Geography, Data for Charts and Tables, and Data for Narrative Report. Data Sources and Limitations For both the Narrative Report and Technical Report, the three main data sources are the U.S. Census decennial enumeration in 2000 and 2010 and the Year American Community Survey (ACS). The ACS replaced the long-form in the decennial census that was used to collect detailed demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the population. Unlike the long-form decennial census which surveyed the population every ten years, the ACS conducts a series of monthly surveys, which are then compiled on an annual basis. The ACS surveys about 2.5% of the population annually or 7.5% over 3 years. The ACS is comprised of three different data files: ACS 1-Year Estimates; ACS 3-Year Estimates; and ACS 5-Year Estimates. A sample size of 7.5% for 3-Year ACS is small and still subject to sampling error. Despite the small sample size, the 3-Year ACS was selected mainly because it provides disaggregated data for subgroups whose estimated population sizes are above 20,000 persons. Therefore, not all subgroups data are available. Please refer to Table 1 below for a detailed list of data sources. Table 1: Data Sources Variable Source 2000 Decennial Census (SF-1), Table: P001, PCT005 and PCT007 Race/Ethnicity 2010 Decennial Census (SF-1), Table: P1, PCT5 and PCT ACS 3-Year Estimates, Tables S0201 Nativity ACS 3-Year Estimates, Tables C05003 (B, D, H, I) Poverty ACS 3-Year Estimates, Tables B17001 (B, D, H, I) Median Household Income ACS 3-Year Estimates, Tables B19013 (B, D, H, I) Homeownership ACS 3-Year Estimates, Tables S0201 Educational Attainment ACS 3-Year Estimates, Tables S0201 Limited English Proficiency (LEP) by Nativity ACS 3-Year Estimates, Tables B16005 (B, D, H, I) Housing Cost Burden ACS 3-Year Estimates, Tables S0201 Social Security Income ACS 3-Year Estimates, Tables S0201 Cash Public Assistance ACS 3-Year Estimates, Tables S0201 Retirement Income ACS 3-Year Estimates, Tables S0201 Per Capita Income ACS 3-Year Estimates, Tables B19301 (B, D, H, I) Average Household Size ACS 3-Year Estimates, Tables S0201 Median Home Value ACS 3-Year Estimates, Tables S0201 Very Low-Income Households ACS 3-Year Estimates, Tables B19001, B19013 (B, D, H, I), S0201 1

2 Geography A Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is a geographic entity defined by the Office of Management of Budget (OMB) for purposes of collecting, tabulating, and publishing federal data. In order for an area to be designated an MSA, the area has to have at least one urbanized area with a population of 50,000 or more and a contiguous area of relatively high population density. The adjacent communities must also be highly integrated both socially and economically with the urban core. Each MSA consists of at least one or more counties, and includes the county containing the urban core, as well as adjacent counties. New areas are usually added annually, and definitions of existing areas are updated only after each decennial census. Where boundary changes were made during the decade, the 2000 data were adjusted to match 2010 boundaries. MSAs were selected based upon two criteria. First, the MSA must be located in a state where the Ford BESOL Initiative asset-building coalitions exist. Second, the MSA had a population threshold where single-race s made up more than three percent of the total population according to the 2010 Census Summary File 1 data. However, data for subgroups was still subject to data availability. According to the 2010 Census, Americans are approximately six percent of the total U.S. population. Hence, the population threshold of three percent (half of six percent) was selected as the minimum and representative enough of a sample. The detailed breakdowns are provided in Table 2 below. 1 Table 2: Selected Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) and their Component Counties Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, CA Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA Los Angeles County Los Angeles County Orange County Orange County San Bernardino County Ventura County Riverside County Fresno, CA Fresno, CA Fresno County Fresno County Madera County San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA Alameda County Alameda County Contra Costa County Contra Costa County Marin County Marin County Napa County San Francisco County San Francisco County San Mateo County San Mateo County Santa Clara County Santa Cruz County Solano County Sonoma County Sacramento-Yolo, CA Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Roseville, CA El Dorado County El Dorado County Placer County Placer County Sacramento County Sacramento County Yolo County Yolo County 1 Historical Metropolitan Area Definitions retrieved from 99mfips.txt on July 10,

3 Table 2: Selected Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) and their Component Counties (continued) Stockton-Lodi, CA Stockton, CA San Joaquin County San Joaquin County San Diego, CA San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA San Diego County San Diego County Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL-IN-WI, Cook County, IL Cook County, IL DeKalb County, IL DeKalb County, IL DuPage County, IL DuPage County, IL Grundy County, IL Grundy County, IL Kane County, IL Kane County, IL Kankakee County, IL Kendall County, IL Kendall County, IL Lake County, IL Lake County, IL Will County, IL McHenry County, IL McHenry County, IL Will County, IL Jasper County, IN Lake County, IN Lake County, IN Porter County, IN Newton County, IN Kenosha County, WI Porter County, IN Kenosha County, WI Oklahoma City, OK Oklahoma City, OK Canadian County Canadian County Cleveland County Cleveland County Logan County Grady County McClain County Lincoln County Oklahoma County Logan County Pottawatomie County McClain County Oklahoma County Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX Brazoria County Austin County Chambers County Brazoria County Fort Bend County Chambers County Galveston County Fort Bend County Harris County Galveston County Liberty County Harris County Montgomery County Liberty County Waller County Montgomery County San Jacinto County Waller County Dallas-Fort Worth, TX Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX Collin County Collin County Dallas County Dallas County Denton County Delta County Ellis County Denton County Henderson County Ellis County 3

4 Table 2: Selected Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) and their Component Counties (continued) Dallas-Fort Worth, TX (continued) Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX (continued) Hood County Hunt County Hunt County Johnson County Johnson County Kaufman County Kaufman County Parker County Parker County Rockwall County Rockwall County Tarrant County Tarrant County Wise County Austin-San Marcos, TX Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX Bastrop County Bastrop County Caldwell County Caldwell County Hays County Hays County Travis County Travis County Williamson County Williamson County Jacksonville, FL Jacksonville, FL Clay County Baker County Duval County Clay County Nassau County Duval County St. Johns County Nassau County St. Johns County Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL Hernando County Hernando County Hillsborough County Hillsborough County Pasco County Pasco County Pinellas County Pinellas County Orlando, FL Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL Lake County Lake County Orange County Orange County Osceola County Osceola County Seminole County Seminole County New Orleans, LA MSA New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA Orleans Parish Jefferson Parish Plaquemines Parish Orleans Parish St. Bernard Parish Plaquemines Parish St. Charles Parish St. Bernard Parish St. James Parish St. Charles Parish St. John the Baptist Parish St. John the Baptist Parish St. Tammany Parish St. Tammany Parish 4

5 Data for Charts and Tables Data charts and tables for the states and MSAs are provided for Population and five other indicators. These five indicators are: Nativity, Language, Education, Economic Status, and Housing Trends. A listing, as well as the actual data charts and tables, are located under Section three of this Technical Report. In the state and regional narrative series of reports, population data for Americans and ethnic subgroups are included for both the Alone and Alone or in combination categories in 2000 and 2010 for States and MSAs as seen below in see Table 3. The Alone category for other major racial groups is also reported at the state level. Population data was available for 19 ethnic subgroups 2, in addition to two other categories Other, specified and Other, not specified. For MSAs that have changed boundaries from 2000 to 2010, we use the boundary definition adopted in 2010 to calculate the total American population size in 2000, so that the data from 2000 and 2010 are comparable (see Table 2). Table 3: Population Data by States and MSAs Population Alone 5 States Alone or in combination Alone MSAs Alone or in combination Total Population X X X X Ethnic Subgroups X X X X American Indian and Alaska Native X African American X Hispanic or Latino X Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander X Non-Hispanic Whites X Total Population X X - - For the other socioeconomic indicators of Nativity, Language, Education, Economic Status, and Housing Trends, Americans were compared to major racial groups including American Indian and Alaska Native (only in the Oklahoma report), African American, Hispanic or Latino, Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), and total population at the state level. The Alone race categories were used to give a more precise comparison. People who identified themselves of Hispanic origin may be of any race. At the MSA level, ethnic subgroups were compared amongst each other, with Americans as a whole, NHW and total population. The Alone or in combination categories were used due to the small population size of subgroups. The only exception was for NHW where the numbers reported were for NHW Alone only, since it was used as a benchmark for comparison as seen in Table 4. Table 4: Socioeconomic Indicators Data by States and MSAs Other Indicators Alone States Alone or in combination Alone MSAs Alone or in combination Total Population X - - X Ethnic Subgroups X American Indian and Alaska Native 3 X African American X Hispanic or Latino 4 X Non-Hispanic Whites X - X - Total Population 3 X X X X 2 Population data was available for the following ethnic subgroups: Indian, Bangladeshi, Bhutanese, Burmese, Cambodian, (except Taiwanese),, Hmong, Indonesian,, Korean, Laotian, Malaysian, Nepalese, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Taiwanese, Thai, and. 3 Data on American Indians and Alaska Natives are only included in the Oklahoma report. 4 Some data are for total households or homeowners depending on the indicators.

6 The data for the 19 ethnic subgroups for the socioeconomic indicators were not available for certain MSAs due to data suppression. The socioeconomic data availability for ethnic subgroups for certain states and MSAs are listed in Table 5. Table 5: Socioeconomic Data Availability for Ethnic Subgroups States MSAs Ethnic Subgroups Texas Austin Indian Dallas Indian (except Taiwanese) Korean Houston Indian (except Taiwanese) Pakistani Florida Jacksonville s Orlando Indians Tampa Indians Alabama No MSAs No subgroup data Louisiana New Orleans No subgroup data Mississippi No MSAs No subgroup data California Fresno Hmong Stockton s San Diego Indian Korean (except Taiwanese) San Francisco Indian (except Taiwanese) Korean Sacramento Indian (except Taiwanese) 6

7 Table 5: Socioeconomic Data Availability for Ethnic Subgroups (continued) Sacramento (continued) Los Angeles Hmong Indian Cambodian (except Taiwanese) Taiwanese Korean Thai Illinois Chicago Pakistani Indian (except Taiwanese) Korean Oklahoma Oklahoma City No subgroup data Data for Narrative Report In this section, we describe how the data analysis was conducted in the Narrative Report. For population, we identified the top three ethnic subgroups with the largest population size and percent population growth using the Alone or in combination category. For the population and socioeconomic indicators, numbers were rounded to the nearest thousand for population size, income, and home value. For the state analysis on nativity and language, data were compared among Americans, Latinos, and the Total Population. For the state and MSA analysis on Education, Income, and Homeownership, data were reported by comparing Americans, NHW, and Total Population as seen in Table 6. In some cases, a MSA had data available for only one ethnic subgroup, resulting in a limited comparison. For MSAs with data available for two or more ethnic subgroups, the largest and smallest subgroups were compared. Sometimes, the demographic numbers or percentages were similar for one or more ethnic groups at the top and bottom. Thus, the subgroups were included in the comparison. Table 6: Racial/Ethnic Group Comparisons covered in Narrative Report Socioeconomic Indicators Total Population NHW Hispanic or Latinos Nativity X - X (statewide only) Language X - X (statewide only) Education X X - Economic Status X X - Housing Trends X X - 7

8 Section 2: Definitions In this second section of the Technical Report, key terms are defined in order of appearance in the Narrative Report. Race and Ethnicity: Starting with the 2000 Decennial Census, individuals were able to self-identify and report more than one race for the first time. The option to self-report was continued in the 2010 Decennial Census. Thus, there are results for both single race as well as multiple-race responses. Race Alone categories corresponds to respondents who only marked one race group and no other race category (e.g. Alone). The Race Alone or In Combination category corresponds to respondents who marked more than one race. For example, a person who indicated that she was of and African-American background would be included in the Alone or in combination count, as well as in the African American or in combination count. American: The ancestry question is asked for every person in the American Community Survey, regardless of age, place of birth, Hispanic origin, or race. It represents the American community who has origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent. American Indian or Alaska Native: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America) and who maintain tribal affiliation or community attachment. South s: South s include the following ethnic subgroups: Indian, Bangladeshi, Nepalese, Pakistani, and Sri Lankan. Other groups may also be considered South s. For a history of South population census classifications, please refer to: APACHP/teacher/research/koshy.htm Southeast s: According to geographic location, Southeast s include the following ethnic subgroups: Burmese, Cambodian,, Hmong, Indonesian, Laotian, Malaysian and Thai. Other groups may also be considered Southeast s. According to the Southeast Asia Action Research Center, Southeast s are persons from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. Please refer to: seastatprofilemay04.pdf Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander: Native Hawaiians are the indigenous Polynesian people of the Hawaiian Islands or their descendants. Pacific Islanders are the natives of any of the Polynesian, Micronesian, or Melanesian islands of Oceania.. It includes people who indicate their race as Native Hawaiian, Guamanian or Chamorro, Samoan, and Other Pacific Islander. Native-born: The native-born born population includes anyone who self-identified as a U.S. citizen or U.S. national at birth. Respondents born in the United States, Puerto Rico, or a U.S. Island Area (U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, or the Northern Mariana), or abroad of at least one U.S. citizen parent, are also included in the native-born born population. Foreign-born: The foreign-born population includes anyone who was not a U.S. citizen at birth, including those who became U.S. citizens through naturalization, legal permanent residents, temporary migrants, humanitarian migrants, and undocumented migrants. Limited English Proficient (LEP): Respondents of the American Community Survey who reported speaking a language other than English were asked to indicate their English-speaking ability based on one of the following categories: Very well, Well, Not well, or Not at all. LEP refers to any individual age 5 years and older who speaks English less than Very Well. The data represents a person s perception of their own English-speaking ability. Educational Attainment: Educational attainment refers to the highest level of education that an individual completed. The American Community Survey reports educational attainment data for only those 25 years and older. Typically, respondents in this age group are assumed to have achieved lifetime educational goals. Individuals 25 years and older are grouped into the following educational attainment categories: Less than High school graduate; High school graduate or GED or alternative equivalency; Some College or Associate s degree; Bachelor s degree; and Graduate or professional degree. Income: Total income is the sum of the amounts reported separately for wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips; self-employment income from own nonfarm or farm businesses, including proprietorships and partnerships; interest, dividends, net rental income, royalty income, or income from estates and trusts; Social Security or Railroad Retirement income; Supplemental Security Income (SSI); any public assistance or welfare payments from the state or local welfare office; retirement, survivor, or disability pensions; and any other sources of income received regularly such as Veterans (VA) payments, unemployment compensation, child support, or alimony. 8

9 Median Household Income: Median household income divides the income distribution into two equal groups, one having incomes above the median, and other having incomes below the median. Income of households includes the income of the householder and all other individuals 15 years old and over in the household, whether they are related to the householder or not. Median household income is the most widely used and accepted measure of income by statisticians. However, it could be misleading as a measure, because it does not adjust for differences in household size. Americans tend to have larger than average household sizes compared to other racial/ethnic groups, which could lead to a higher median household income since more wage earners are contributing to the overall household income. Analytically, per capita income is a more realistic measure of wealth than household income. Per Capita Income: Per capita income is the personal or individual income earned per person, rather than for an entire household. On average, American households are larger compared with other racial groups. Hence, per capita income is a better measure in estimating the wealth or the overall economic status of Americans in comparison to other racial groups. Very Low Income Household (VLI): VLI households are defined as households with incomes less than 50 percent of the geographic area median household income. The proportion of each household income category that fell into the VLI category (all, none, or some interpolated fraction where the cutoff is within the VLI category) was tabulated using the household income data from Year ACS. Within all income brackets with a maximum that was less than the threshold for VLI, a process of linear interpolation was used to create a factor, in order to estimate the fraction of households that were within the income bracket and fell into the cut-off category. [VLI DEFINING] - [LOWEND] Factor = [HIGHEND] - [LOWEND] This factor was then used to weight the figures for households in this bracket, and summed with the totals from the lower brackets to create the estimate figure for VLI households for each race. VLI Households = [BRACKET 1] + [BRACKET 2]... (Factor x [BRACKET X]) Table 7: Median Household Income and Very Low Income Cutoff for Selected States States Median Household Income Very Low Income Cutoff Alabama $41,458 $20,729 California $60,422 $30,211 Florida $47,051 $23,526 Illinois $55,095 $27,548 Louisiana $42,438 $21,219 Mississippi $37,034 $18,517 Oklahoma $42,358 $21,179 Texas $48,765 $24,383 Data Source: ACS 3-Year Estimate, Table B19013 Average Household Size: Average household size is a measure obtained by dividing the number of people in households by the total number of households (or householders). This includes the householder, occupants related to the householder, lodgers, roomers, boarders, and so forth. Household size plays a significant factor in estimating wealth because household incomes are calculated by the income generated by all members of a household. If a household has multiple wage-earners contributing to the overall household income, the likelihood is greater for that household income to be larger. On average, American households are larger compared to other racial groups. This may be a reflection of larger and extended families, or the necessity for multiple family members to work and contribute to housing costs, or the inability of individual family members to afford to establish their own households. Poverty Rate: The most common measure of poverty in the U.S. is whether or not an individual s income falls below the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). In 2009, the average FPL threshold was set at $10,956 for an individual and $21,954 for a family of four. Although annually adjusted for inflation, the FPL does not account for geographic differences in the cost of living and therefore, in a relatively expensive area such as Los Angeles, the FPL most likely underestimates the size of those living in poverty. 9

10 The poverty rate was calculated by dividing the number of individuals with incomes below the FPL by the total population for whom poverty status was determined. The federal poverty thresholds definition excludes people in: institutional group quarters (such as prisons, shelters, or nursing homes), military barracks, college dormitories, living situations without conventional housing (and who are not in shelters) and unrelated individuals under age 15 years (such as foster children). Cash Public Assistance: Public assistance includes cash public assistance payments low-income people receive, such as aid to families with dependent children (AFDC, ADC), temporary assistance to needy families (TANF), general assistance, and emergency assistance. Separate payments received for hospital or other medical care services (vendor payments) are excluded. This does not include Supplemental Security Income (SSI) or noncash benefits such as food stamps. Social Security Income: Social Security income includes Social Security pensions and survivor benefits, permanent disability insurance payments made by the Social Security Administration prior to deductions for medical insurance, and railroad retirement insurance checks from the U.S. government. Medicare reimbursements are not included. Retirement Income: Retirement income includes: (1) retirement pensions and survivor benefits from a former employer, labor union, or federal, state, or local government, and the U.S. military; (2) disability income from companies or unions, federal, state, or local government, and the U.S. military; (3) periodic receipts from annuities and insurance; and (4) regular income from IRA, Keogh, or 401(k) plans. This does not include Social Security income. Homeownership Rate: Homeownership rate is the percentage of occupied housing units that are owneroccupied. A housing unit is owner-occupied if the owner or co-owner lives in the unit, even if it is mortgaged or not fully paid for. Median Home Value: The value of a home is the respondent s estimate of how much the property (house and lot, mobile home and lot, or condominium unit) would sell for if it were for sale. The median divides the value distribution into two equal parts: one-half of the cases falling below the median value of the property (house and lot) and one-half above the median. Homeowners Housing Cost Burden: Homeowners paying 30% or more of household income on selected monthly owner costs are considered cost burdened. Selected monthly owner costs are the sum of debt payments (e.g. mortgage or home equity loans), real estate taxes, insurance, utility, fuel, and condominium fees. Homeowners who are considered cost burdened may be more likely to lose their homes because they may have difficulty affording monthly payments and paying for other necessities of life. 10

11 Section 3: Data Tables and Charts In this Section of the Technical Report, data tables and charts are provided on the state and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) level. There are six types of indicators: 1. Population includes population composition and percent growth. 2. Nativity includes data on the foreign-born population. 3. Language includes data on Limited English Proficiency (LEP) for the total population, foreign-born population, and native-born population. 4. Education includes educational attainment data regarding population having earned less than a high school diploma, with a Bachelor s degree, and with a graduate or professional degree 5. Economic Status includes data on median income, Very Low-Income, per capita income, average household size, poverty rates, and other public and private income sources (specifically, cash public assistance, Social Security income, and retirement income) 6. Housing Trends includes data on homeownership, median home values, and homeowner housing cost burden. For additional information and major demographic findings, please refer to the state and regional narrative reports on the American population and asset-building trends. These reports were prepared for the Ford Foundation s Building Economic Security Over a Lifetime Initiative by the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) American Studies Center in May To download both the Narrative Report and Technical Report, please see: FIGURES AND TABLES PART I CALIFORNIA Table 1.1 Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Table 1.2 Population by Ethnic Subgroups, California Figure 1.1 Percent Population Growth by Ethnic Subgroups, California Table 1.3 Nativity by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Figure 1.2 Foreign-Born Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Table 1.4 Limited English Proficient (LEP) Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Figure 1.3 Percent of Population who are Limited English Proficient (LEP) by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Table 1.5 Educational Attainment by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Table 1.6 Median Household Income, Per Capita Income and Average Household Size by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Figure 1.4 Educational Attainment by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Table 1.7 Very Low Income (VLI) Households by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Figure 1.5 Per Capita Income and Median Household Income by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Table 1.8 Poverty by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Figure 1.6 Proportion of Very Low Income Households by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Table 1.9 Other Public and Private Income Sources by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Figure 1.7 Poverty Rates by Race and Hispanic Origin, California

12 Figure 1.8 Percent of the Population who are Homeowners vs. Renters by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Figure 1.9 Median Home Value by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Figure 1.10 Percent of Homeowners Paying more than 30% of Income for Housing by Race and Hispanic Origin, California PART II San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA METRO AREA Table 2.1 Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, San Francisco CA MSA, Table 2.2 Population by Ethnic Subgroups, San Francisco CA MSA, Figure 2.1 Percent Population Growth by Ethnic Subgroups, San Francisco CA MSA, Table 2.3 Nativity by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, San Francisco CA MSA, Figure 2.2 Foreign-Born Population by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, San Francisco CA MSA, Figure 2.3 Percent of Population who are Limited English Proficient (LEP) by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, San Francisco CA MSA, Table 2.4 Educational Attainment by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, San Francisco CA MSA, Figure 2.4 Educational Attainment by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, San Francisco CA MSA, Table 2.5 Median Household Income, Per Capita Income, and Average Household Size by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, San Francisco CA MSA, Figure 2.5 Per Capita Income and Median Household Income by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, San Francisco CA MSA, Figure 2.6 Poverty Rates by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, San Francisco CA MSA, Table 2.6 Other Public and Private Income Sources by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, San Francisco CA MSA, Figure 2.7 Percent of the Population who are Homeowners vs. Renters by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, San Francisco CA MSA, Figure 2.8 Median Home Value by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, San Francisco CA MSA, Figure 2.9 Percent of Homeowners Paying more than 30% of Income for Housing by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, San Francisco CA MSA, PART III Stockton, CA METRO AREA Table 3.1 Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, Stockton CA MSA, Table 3.2 Population by Ethnic Subgroups, Stockton CA MSA, Figure 3.1 Percent Population Growth by Ethnic Subgroups, Stockton CA MSA, Table 3.3 Nativity by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Stockton CA MSA, Figure 3.2 Foreign-Born Population by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Stockton CA MSA, Figure 3.3 Percent of Population who are Limited English Proficient (LEP) by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Stockton CA MSA,

13 Table 3.4 Educational Attainment by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Stockton CA MSA, Figure 3.4 Educational Attainment by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Stockton CA MSA, Table 3.5 Median Household Income, Per Capita Income, and Average Household Size by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Stockton CA MSA, Figure 3.5 Per Capita Income and Median Household Income by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Stockton CA MSA, Figure 3.6 Poverty Rates by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Stockton CA MSA, Table 3.6 Other Public and Private Income Sources by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Stockton CA MSA, Figure 3.7 Percent of the Population who are Homeowners vs. Renters by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Stockton CA MSA, Figure 3.8 Median Home Value by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Stockton CA MSA, Figure 3.9 Percent of Homeowners Paying more than 30% of Income for Housing by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Stockton CA MSA, PART IV San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA METRO AREA Table 4.1 Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, San Diego CA MSA, Table 4.2 Population by Ethnic Subgroups, San Diego CA MSA, Figure 4.1 Percent Population Growth by Ethnic Subgroups, San Diego CA MSA, Table 4.3 Nativity by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, San Diego CA MSA, Figure 4.2 Foreign-Born Population by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, San Diego CA MSA, Figure 4.3 Percent of Population who are Limited English Proficient (LEP) by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, San Diego CA MSA, Table 4.4 Educational Attainment by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, San Diego CA MSA, Figure 4.4 Educational Attainment by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, San Diego CA MSA, Table 4.5 Median Household Income, Per Capita Income, and Average Household Size by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, San Diego CA MSA, Figure 4.5 Per Capita Income and Median Household Income by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, San Diego CA MSA, Figure 4.6 Poverty Rates by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, San Diego CA MSA, Table 4.6 Other Public and Private Income Sources by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, San Diego CA MSA, Figure 4.7 Percent of the Population who are Homeowners vs. Renters by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, San Diego CA MSA, Figure 4.8 Median Home Value by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, San Diego CA MSA, Figure 4.9 Percent of Homeowners Paying more than 30% of Income for Housing by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, San Diego CA MSA,

14 PART V Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Roseville, CA METRO AREA Table 5.1 Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, Sacramento CA MSA, Table 5.2 Population by Ethnic Subgroups, Sacramento CA MSA, Figure 5.1 Percent Population Growth by Ethnic Subgroups, Sacramento CA MSA, Table 5.3 Nativity by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Sacramento CA MSA, Figure 5.2 Foreign-Born Population by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Sacramento CA MSA, Figure 5.3 Percent of Population who are Limited English Proficient (LEP) by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Sacramento CA MSA, Table 5.4 Educational Attainment by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Sacramento CA MSA, Figure 5.4 Educational Attainment by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Sacramento CA MSA, Table 5.5 Median Household Income, Per Capita Income, and Average Household Size by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Sacramento CA MSA, Figure 5.5 Per Capita Income and Median Household Income by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Sacramento CA MSA, Figure 5.6 Poverty Rates by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Sacramento CA MSA, Table 5.6 Other Public and Private Income Sources by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Sacramento CA MSA, Figure 5.7 Percent of the Population who are Homeowners vs. Renters by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Sacramento CA MSA, Figure 5.8 Median Home Value by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Sacramento CA MSA, Figure 5.9 Percent of Homeowners Paying more than 30% of Income for Housing by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Sacramento CA MSA, PART VI Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA METRO AREA Table 6.1 Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, Los Angeles CA MSA, Table 6.2 Population by Ethnic Subgroups, Los Angeles CA MSA, Figure 6.1 Percent Population Growth by Ethnic Subgroups, Los Angeles CA MSA, Table 6.3 Nativity by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Los Angeles CA MSA, Figure 6.2 Foreign-Born Population by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Los Angeles CA MSA, Figure 6.3 Percent of Population who are Limited English Proficient (LEP) by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Los Angeles CA MSA, Table 6.4 Educational Attainment by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Los Angeles CA MSA, Figure 6.4 Educational Attainment by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Los Angeles CA MSA, Table 6.5 Median Household Income, Per Capita Income, and Average Household Size by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Los Angeles CA MSA,

15 Figure 6.5 Per Capita Income and Median Household Income by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Los Angeles CA MSA, Figure 6.6 Poverty Rates by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Los Angeles CA MSA, Table 6.6 Other Public and Private Income Sources by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Los Angeles CA MSA, Figure 6.7 Percent of the Population who are Homeowners vs. Renters by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Los Angeles CA MSA, Figure 6.8 Median Home Value by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Los Angeles CA MSA, Figure 6.9 Percent of Homeowners Paying more than 30% of Income for Housing by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Los Angeles CA MSA, PART VII Fresno, CA METRO AREA Table 7.1 Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, Fresno CA MSA, Table 7.2 Population by Ethnic Subgroups, Fresno CA MSA, Figure 7.1 Percent Population Growth by Ethnic Subgroups, Fresno CA MSA, Table 7.3 Nativity by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Fresno CA MSA, Figure 7.2 Foreign-Born Population by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Fresno CA MSA, Figure 7.3 Percent of Population who are Limited English Proficient (LEP) by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Fresno CA MSA, Table 7.4 Educational Attainment by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Fresno CA MSA, Figure 7.4 Educational Attainment by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Fresno CA MSA, Table 7.5 Median Household Income, Per Capita Income, and Average Household Size by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Fresno CA MSA, Figure 7.5 Per Capita Income and Median Household Income by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Fresno CA MSA, Figure 7.6 Poverty Rates by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Fresno CA MSA, Table 7.6 Other Public and Private Income Sources by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Fresno CA MSA, Figure 7.7 Percent of the Population who are Homeowners vs. Renters by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Fresno CA MSA, Figure 7.8 Median Home Value by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Fresno CA MSA, Figure 7.9 Percent of Homeowners Paying more than 30% of Income for Housing by Race and Ethnic Subgroups, Fresno CA MSA,

16 FIGURES AND TABLES PART I CALIFORNIA Table 1.1 Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Number % of Total Population Number % of Total Population % Change ( ) American Indian and Alaska Native 333,346 1% 362,801 1% 9% 3,697,513 11% 4,861,007 13% 31% Black or African American 2,263,882 7% 2,299,072 6% 2% Hispanic or Latino 10,966,556 32% 14,013,719 38% 28% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 116, % 144, % 23% Non-Hispanic White 15,816,790 47% 14,956,253 40% -5% Total Population 33,871, % 37,253, % 10% Note: All numbers are for the race alone category. Hispanics can be of any race. Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 and 2010 Decennial Censuses Table 1.2 Population by Ethnic Subgroups, California Alone % Number % of Total Number % of Total Change ( ) Alone or in Combination % % of % of Change Total Total (2000- Number Number 2010) Indian 314,819 9% 528,176 11% 68% 360,392 8% 590,445 10% 64% Bangladeshi 3, % 9, % 204% 4, % 10, % 157% Bhutanese % % - Burmese , % , % - Cambodian 70,232 2% 86,244 2% 23% 84,559 2% 102,317 2% 21% (except 918,325 25% 1,150,206 24% 25% 1,046,775 25% 1,349,111 23% 29% Taiwanese) 918,678 25% 1,195,580 25% 30% 1,098,321 26% 1,474,707 26% 34% Hmong 65,095 2% 86,989 2% 34% 71,741 2% 91,224 2% 27% Indonesian 17, % 25,398 1% 43% 29,710 1% 39,506 1% 33% 288,854 8% 272,528 6% -6% 394,896 9% 428,014 7% 8% Korean 345,882 10% 451,892 10% 31% 375,571 9% 505,225 9% 35% Laotian 55,456 2% 58,424 1% 5% 65,058 2% 69,303 1% 7% Malaysian 1, % 2, % 53% 4, % 5, % 31% Nepalese - - 5, % , % - Pakistani 20,093 1% 46,780 1% 133% 27,832 1% 53,474 1% 92% Sri Lankan 5, % 10, % 77% 7, % 11, % 65% Taiwanese 62,317 2% 96,009 2% 54% 75,412 2% 109,928 2% 46% Thai 36,525 1% 51,509 1% 41% 46,868 1% 67,707 1% 44% 447,032 12% 581,946 12% 30% 484,023 11% 647,589 11% 34% Other, specified 7, % 5, % -28% 11, % 7, % -34% Other, not specified 31,398 1% 45,036 1% 43% 82,022 2% 152,375 3% 86% Total 3,610, % 4,725, % 31% 4,270, % 5,741, % 34% The 2010 Census was the first time Bhutanese, Burmese, and Nepalese population totals were reported in decennial tabulations. Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 and 2010 Decennial Censuses

17 Figure 1.1 Percent Population Growth by Ethnic Subgroups, California Bangladeshi Pakistani Sri Lankan Indian Taiwanese Thai Korean Indonesian Malaysian (except Taiwanese) Hmong Cambodian Lao0an 8% 7% 35% 34% 34% 33% 31% 29% 27% 21% 46% 44% 65% 64% 92% 157% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140% 160% Note: Population growth percentages are for the alone or in combination population. Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 and 2010 Decennial Censuses 17

18 Table 1.3 Nativity by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Native-Born % of Total Number Population Foreign-Born % of Total Number Population 1,597,625 35% 2,947,154 65% 4,544,779 Black or African American 2,107,054 94% 140,930 6% 2,247,984 Hispanic or Latino 8,049,772 60% 5,323,380 40% 13,373,152 Non-Hispanic White 14,002,669 91% 1,364,326 9% 15,366,995 Total Population 26,722,586 73% 9,866,801 27% 36,589,387 Total Figure 1.2 Foreign-Born Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, California % Hispanic or LaDno 40% Total PopulaDon 27% 9% Black or African American 6% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 18

19 Table 1.4 Limited English Proficient (LEP) Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Black or African American Hispanic or Latino Non-Hispanic White Total Population Total 4,274,307 2,099,435 11,935,524 14,630,440 33,865,677 Speak English Less Than Very Well 1,593,037 43,389 4,559, ,389 6,710,517 % LEP 37% 2% 38% 3% 20% Native-Born 1,343,050 1,959,482 6,640,351 13,272,224 24,050,587 Speak English Less Than Very Well 123,663 9, ,289 79, ,599 % Native-Born LEP 9% 0.5% 11% 1% 4% Foreign-Born 2,931, ,953 5,295,173 1,358,216 9,815,090 Speak English Less Than Very Well 1,469,374 34,163 3,831, ,142 5,757,918 % Foreign-Born LEP 50% 24% 72% 29% 59% Figure 1.3 Percent of Population who are Limited English Proficient (LEP) by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Hispanic or LaCno 38% 37% Total PopulaCon 20% 3% Black or African American 2% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 19

20 Table 1.5 Educational Attainment by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Less than High School High School Graduate Some College or Associate s Degree Bachelor s Degree Graduate or Professional Degree 14% 15% 23% 32% 16% Black or African American 13% 26% 40% 14% 7% Hispanic or Latino 44% 25% 22% 7% 3% Non Hispanic White 7% 21% 34% 24% 15% Total Population 20% 22% 29% 19% 11% Table 1.6 Median Household Income, Per Capita Income and Average Household Size by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Median Household Income Per Capita Income Average Household Size $74,133 $31, Black or African American $43,173 $22, Hispanic or Latino $46,569 $15, Non-Hispanic White $70,005 $41, Total Population $60,422 $28, Figure 1.4 Educational Attainment by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Less than High School Bachelor's Degree Graduate or Professional Degree 45% 44% 40% 35% 32% 30% 25% 24% 20% 15% 10% 14% 16% 13% 14% 7% 7% 7% 15% 20% 19% 11% 5% 3% 0% Black or African American Hispanic or La=no Total Popula=on 20

21 Table 1.7 Very Low Income (VLI) Households by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Black or African American Hispanic or Latino Non-Hispanic White Total Population Total Households 1,406, ,901 3,240,818 6,462,475 12,198,310 Total VLI Households 293, , ,817 1,364,498 3,031,011 % VLI Households 21% 37% 31% 21% 25% Figure 1.5 Per Capita Income and Median Household Income by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Median Household Income Per Capita Income Non-Hispanic White $41,421 $70,005 $31,171 $74,133 Total Population $28,990 $60,422 Black or African American $22,875 $43,173 Hispanic or Latino $15,590 $46,569 Table 1.8 Poverty by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Population Below Poverty Level % of Total Number Population Total Population* 448,018 10% 4,480,454 Black or African American 434,351 20% 2,137,141 Hispanic or Latino 2,544,323 19% 13,126,728 Non-Hispanic White 1,229,311 8% 15,057,841 Total Population 4,777,232 13% 35,826,245 Note: Total population for whom poverty status is determined 21

22 Figure 1.6 Proportion of Very Low Income Households by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Number of Households 14,000,000 12,000,000 10,000,000 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 37% 805,901 31% 3,240,818 12,198,310 25% 21% 21% 6,462,475 1,406,892 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% % of Very Low- Income Households 0 Black or African American Hispanic or La?no Total Popula?on 0% Table 1.9 Other Public and Private Income Sources by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Cash Public Assistance Income Social Security Income With Retirement Income 2% 19% 9% Black or African American 8% 23% 17% Hispanic or Latino 5% 16% 8% Non-Hispanic White 2% 29% 20% Total Population 3% 24% 15% Figure 1.7 Poverty Rates by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Black or African American 20% Hispanic or La=no 19% Total Popula=on 13% 10% 8% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 22

23 Figure 1.8 Percent of the Population who are Homeowners vs. Renters by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Owner- Occupied Renter- Occupied 65% 35% 58% 42% Total Popula>on 57% 43% Hispanic or La>no 46% 54% Black or African American 38% 62% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Figure 1.9 Median Home Value by Race and Hispanic Origin, California $600,000 $500,000 $400,000 $556,200 $493,700 $461,400 $407,200 $369,800 $300,000 $200,000 $100,000 $0 Total PopulaAon Black or African American Hispanic or LaAno 23

24 Figure 1.10 Percent of Homeowners Paying more than 30% of Income for Housing by Race and Hispanic Origin, California Hispanic or La=no 63% Black or African American 62% 55% Total Popula=on 53% 48% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 24

25 PART II San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA METRO AREA Table 2.1 Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, San Francisco CA MSA, Number % of Total Population Number % of Total Population % Change ( ) American Indian and Alaska Native 22,635 1% 24,774 1% 9% 791,663 19% 1,005,823 23% 27% Black or African American 396,908 10% 363,905 8% -8% Hispanic or Latino 733,249 18% 938,794 22% 28% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 26,243 1% 31,832 1% 21% Non-Hispanic White 2,026,022 49% 1,840,372 42% -9% Total Population 4,123, % 4,335, % 5% Note: All numbers are for the race alone category. Hispanics can be of any race. Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 and 2010 Decennial Censuses Table 2.2 Population by Ethnic Subgroups, San Francisco CA MSA, Alone % Number % of Total Number % of Total Change ( ) Alone or in Combination % % of % of Change Total Total (2000- Number Number 2010) Indian 71,914 9% 119,854 12% 67% 81,370 9% 132,939 11% 63% Bangladeshi % % 180% % % 134% Bhutanese % % - Burmese - - 6,326 1% ,383 1% - Cambodian 5,244 1% 6,908 1% 32% 6,627 1% 8,580 1% 29% (except Taiwanese) 340,344 44% 413,057 42% 21% 370,908 41% 461,307 40% 24% 204,241 26% 239,232 24% 17% 238,138 27% 287,879 25% 21% Hmong % % 91% % % 97% Indonesian 2, % 3, % 37% 4, % 5, % 33% 43,207 6% 39,310 4% -9% 60,759 7% 64,950 6% 7% Korean 32,672 4% 42,158 4% 29% 37,362 4% 50,867 4% 36% Laotian 8,089 1% 8,546 1% 6% 9,338 1% 9,850 1% 5% Malaysian % % 75% % 1, % 47% Nepalese - - 1, % , % - Pakistani 3, % 8,334 1% 128% 5,010 1% 9,565 1% 91% Sri Lankan % 1, % 99% % 1, % 87% Taiwanese 5,749 1% 14,198 1% 147% 6,946 1% 16,549 1% 138% Thai 4,060 1% 6,297 1% 55% 5,268 1% 8,531 1% 62% 43,272 6% 55,636 6% 29% 49,221 5% 66,120 6% 34% Other 2, % 2, % -5% 3, % 3, % -18% Other, not specified 5,298 1% 6,669 1% 26% 14,860 2% 25,798 2% 74% Total 774, % 978, % 26% 896, % 1,165, % 30% The 2010 Census was the first time Bhutanese, Burmese, and Nepalese population totals were reported in decennial tabulations. Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 and 2010 Decennial Censuses

26 Figure 2.1 Percent Population Growth by Ethnic Subgroups, San Francisco CA MSA, Taiwanese Bangladeshi Hmong Pakistani Sri Lankan Indian Thai Malaysian Korean Indonesian Cambodian (except Taiwanese) Lao0an 7% 5% 36% 34% 33% 29% 24% 21% 47% 63% 62% 87% 91% 97% 138% 134% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140% Note: Population growth percentages are for the alone or in combination population. Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 and 2010 Decennial Censuses 26