Where U.S. Immigrants Were Born 1960

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2 Where U.S. Immigrants Were Born Latin America 9% Canada 10% Asia 5% Other 1% Other 6% Asia 26% Canada 3% Europe 15% Latino 22% Europe 75% Latin America 51%

3 Foreign-Born Population by Region of Birth in California Asia 32.9% Africa 1.3% Latin America 55% Europe 7.9% N. America 1.6%

4 California s Changing Faces Population Growth ( ) Blacks Asians Hispanics 7.6% 35.9% 49.5% Whites (2.3%) Source: U.S. Census Bureau

5 Immigrant Magnet States

6 U.S. Hispanic Population by State CA 31% Other States 31% TX 19% FL 8% NY 8% NJ 3%

7 Percentage Change in U.S. Population By Age Group, 2000 to % 80% % 14% %

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9 ,500 students 20% foreign 108 from China 11,000 students 27% foreign 892 from China

10 1880s Eastern Europe Warsaw

11 1880s Eastern Europe Samuel Samuel Goldwyn Goldwyn Louis Louis B. B. Mayer Mayer MGM, MGM, Paramount Paramount MGM MGM Warsaw Carl Carl Laemmle Laemmle Jack Jack Warner Warner Universal Universal Studios Studios Warner Warner Bros. Bros. Studios Studios William William Fox Fox Adolph Adolph Zukor Zukor Fox Fox Films Films Paramount Paramount Pictures Pictures

12 Immigration Limbo Li Xin, Ph.D. and Qijin Xu, Ph.D. UCLA

13 Sources: Council of Graduate Schools/National Academy of Sciences/Association of American Universities International students contribute $13B annually to the U.S. economy, yet International applications to graduate schools dropped 32% in Enrollment dropped 6%. Average wait for delayed visas is now more than 4½ months. 50% of students affected by visa delays were from China.

14 California s Population Growth Source: U.S. Census Bureau

15 America is different because of California. Being a Californian is an alternate way to be an American. More than any other state, California is ecumenical, beautiful and culturally diverse. -- Kevin Starr State Librarian Emeritus at the 2004 State of the State Conference

16 Population CA vs. U.S. Millions California (L) United States (R) Millions

17 Population Growth CA vs. U.S. Percent Change, Year Ago 3.0 California (L) United States (R) 2.5 Percent Change, Year Ago

18 California s Racial Breakdown As % of State Total, 2004 Two or More, 1.6% Asian, 11.6% Black, 6.2% Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 0.7% American Indian, 0.4% White, 46.6% Hispanic, 32.9%

19 Mean Household Size by Race/Ethnicity California, 2004 Millions Level 4.0 Total persons (L) Total Households (L) Persons Per Household (R) White Hispanic Asian Black 2.0

20 Persons by Race/Ethnicity & Nativity As % of Total by Race/Ethnicity, CA 2004 Foreign-Born Race/Ethnicity Native Naturalized Not Citizen Total White 91% 5% 4% 100% Hispanic 56% 10% 34% 100% Asian 36% 37% 27% 100% Black 95% 4% 2% 100% Total 73% 11% 16% 100%

21 Persons by Race/Ethnicity & Nativity As % of Total Population, CA 2004 Foreign-Born Race/Ethnicity Native Naturalized Not Citizen Total White 42% 2% 2% 47% Hispanic 19% 3% 11% 33% Asian 4% 4% 3% 12% Black 6% 0.2% 0.1% 6% Total 73% 11% 16% 100%

22 Foreign-Born Persons by Country of Birth & Citizenship Status Top 5 Countries, CA 2004 Naturalized As % of Country Total Number Not Citizen As % of Country Total Country of Birth Number Mexico 874, % 3,163, % Philippines 381, % 237, % China 311, % 191, % Vietnam 351, % 127, % El Salvador 114, % 281, % Elsewhere 1,702, % 1,804, % Total 3,735, % 5,805, %

23 Foreign-Born Persons by Age California, 2004 Age Group Total (in Ths.) Percent % % , % , % , % , % Total 9, %

24 International Immigration Growth CA vs. U.S. Percent Change, Year Ago California United States

25 Foreign-Born Persons by Year of Entry & Citizenship Status As % of Total Foreign Born, California Year of Entry Naturalized Not Citizen Total Foreign Born Before % 25.1% 1,561, % 28.7% 946, % 49.7% 1,539, % 62.7% 1,148, % 71.5% 1,781, % 90.8% 1,292, * 4.9% 95.1% 1,271,514 Total 39.2% 60.8% 9,541,213 * Through March 2004

26 Immigrants Admitted to California As % Share of Total U.S., Percent

27 Immigrants Admitted by State of Intended Residence Top 15 States, 2004 Thousands Immigrants Admitted - Level (L) Immigrants Admitted as % Share of U.S. Total (R) Percent CA NY TX FL NJ IL MA VA MD WA AZ MI PA GA CT 0

28 Unauthorized Immigrant Population Average of Estimates, All Others, 30% CA, 24% NC, 3% IL, 4% NJ, 4% AZ, 5% NY, 7% FL, 9% TX, 14%

29 Size of Unauthorized Population Unauthorized Population (300,000-2,300,000) Unauthorized Population (200, ,000) Unauthorized Population ( 55, ,000) Unauthorized Population (<35,000)

30 Unauthorized Population As % of State s Total Unauthorized Immigrant Population Percent Million CA NY TX FL IL NJ All Other

31 Estimated Unauthorized Population As % of Total Unauthorized Immigrant Population, % Unauthorized (40-54%) % Unauthorized (30-39%) % Unauthorized (20-29%) % Unauthorized (<20%)

32 Persons Aged 25+ by Educational Attainment & Nativity As % Share of Total, CA 2003 Native Foreign Born Educational Attainment Born Naturalized Not Citizen Not a High School Graduate High School Graduate Some College or AA BA/BS Master's or Higher Total Median Years Completed Average Years Completed

33 U.S. Hispanic Population by State 2004 CA, 31.0% Other States, 31.0% NJ, 3.0% FL, 8.0% NY, 8.0% TX, 19.0%

34 Country of Origin of Latino Population by State of Residence 2004 Country California Texas New York New Jersey Florida Mexico 84% 83% 10% 8% 17% Puerto Rico 1% 1% 33% 30% 18% Cuba 1% 0% 2% 10% 41% Dominican Republic 0% 0% 31% 21% 5% Central America 9% 5% 7% 7% 4% South America 2% 2% 13% 21% 13% Other 3% 9% 3% 3% 2%

35 Persons Naturalized by Metropolitan Area of Residence 2004 Metropolitan Area Number Percent New York, NY 55, Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA 51, Chicago, IL 27, Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV 19, Miami, FL 18, San Jose, CA 15, Orange County, CA 14, Houston, TX 12, Oakland, CA 11, San Francisco, CA 11, Other Areas 298, Total 537,

36 U.S. Buying Power by Race Billions of Dollars Total 4,271 9,101 11,847 White 3,816 7,812 10,064 Black ,023 American Indian Asian Multiracial N/A

37 U.S. Buying Power by Race Percent Change Total White Black American Indian Asian Multiracial N/A

38 U.S. Buying Power by Race Market Share (%) Total White Black American Indian Asian Multiracial N/A

39 U.S. Hispanic Buying Power Billions of Dollars Total 4, , , Hispanic , Non-Hispanic 4, , ,760.60

40 U.S. Hispanic Buying Power Percentage Change Total Hispanic Non-Hispanic

41 U.S. Hispanic Buying Power Market Share (%) Total Hispanic Non-Hispanic

42 Annual Migration to the U.S. Peaked in Thousands

43 Trend Down for Legal Permanent Residents Unauthorized Exceed LPRs Thousands Legal Permanent Residents Unauthorized Migrants Legal Temporary Migrants

44 Specialty Occupation Visas - H1B United States Thousands

45 Estimated Costs of Educating Children of Illegal Immigrants 2004 US$ Billions 8 6 Illegal Alien Students U.S. Born Children of Illegal Immigrants Total CA TX NY IL NJ FL GA NC AZ

46 Estimated Federal Taxes by Household, 2002 The High Cost of Cheap Labor Households Headed All Other Illegals as a % Taxes Paid by Illegal Aliens Households of National Total Income Tax $1,371 $7, % Social Security $1,687 $4, % Medicare2 $446 $1, % Unemployment $83 $ % Corporate Income Tax $84 $1, % Excise and Other Taxes $541 $1, % Total Tax Payments $4,212 $15, %

47 Estimated Federal Costs by Household, 2002 The High Cost of Cheap Labor Households Headed All Other Illegals as a % Costs by Illegal Aliens Households of National Total Social Security & Medicare $289 $5, % Cash Welfare Programs $40 $ % Food Assistance Welfare Programs $499 $ % Medicaid $658 $1, % Other Non-Cash Welfare Programs $182 $ % Treatment for Uninsured $591 $ % Other Transfers to Households $442 $ % Federal Education $371 $ % Federal Prisons/Courts & INS $760 $ % All Other Expenses $3,115 $3, % Subtotal $6,949 $11, % Defense/Veterans $0 $3, % Total Costs (with Defense) $6,949 $15, % Fiscal Balance (Taxes - Costs) -$2,736 -$1 -

48 Estimated Federal Taxes of Legalizing Illegal Aliens, 2002 The High Cost of Cheap Labor Households Headed Legalized Immigrants Taxes Paid by Illegal Aliens (All Legal Immigrants) Income Tax $1,371 $3,252 Social Security $1,687 $3,571 Medicare1 $446 $923 Unemployment $83 $171 Corporate Income Tax $84 $481 Excise and Other Taxes $541 $795 Total Tax Payments $4,212 $9,194

49 Estimated Federal Costs of Legalizing Illegal Aliens, 2002 The High Cost of Cheap Labor Households Headed Legalized Immigrants Costs by Illegal Aliens (All Legal Immigrants) Social Security & Medicare $289 $4,196 Cash Welfare Programs $40 $803 Food Assistance Welfare Programs $499 $709 Medicaid $658 $2,936 Other Non-Cash Welfare Programs $182 $484 Treatment for Uninsured $591 $374 Other Transfers to Households $442 $1,752 Federal Education $371 $513 Federal Prisons/Courts & INS $760 $333 All Other Expenses $3,115 $3,115 Subtotal $6,949 $15,215 Defense/Veterans $0 $0 Total Costs (with Defense) $6,949 $15,215 Fiscal Balance (Taxes - Costs) -$2,736 -$6,022

50 Illegal Immigrants 2004 Outlays and Receipts (in US$ Billions) Category Outlays Receipts Net Cost Education Illegal Aliens $3.2 $3.2 Children of Illegal Aliens $4.5 $4.5 Uncompensated Medical Care $1.4 $1.4 Incarceration $1.4 $1.4 Tax Payments $1.7 -$1.7 Total $10.5 Billions $1.7 Billions $8.8 Billions

51 > $10.1 Billion in Costs Incurred by CA taxpayers is composed of outlays to: Education: Californians spend ~ $7.7 Billion annually on education for illegal immigrant children and for their U.S.-born siblings. Nearly 15% of K-12 public school students in California are children of illegal aliens. Health Care: Uncompensated medical outlays for health care provided to the state s illegal alien population amount to about $1.4 billion a year. Incarceration: The cost of incarcerating illegal aliens in California s prisons and jails amounts to ~ $1.4 billion a year (not including related law enforcement and judicial expenditures or the monetary costs of the crimes that lead to their incarceration).

52 Foreign Born Population by Region of Birth California, 2000 Africa, 1.3% Northern America, 1.6% Europe, 7.9% Oceania, 0.8% Asia, 32.9% Latin America, 55.5%

53 The Cost of Making One Apprehension on the Mexico-U.S. Border US$ per Apprehension IRCA Inacted Operation Blockade Launched in El Paso

54 Businesses Founded by Immigrants Revenues in 2004 Company US$ Millions Intel $34,209 Sun Microsystems $11,070 Computer Associates $3,530 LSI Logic $1,700 Cypress Semiconductor $948 Amtel $7

55 Business Ownership by Nativity and Gender , U.S. Percent Native-Born Women Immigrant Women Native-Born Men Immigrant Men 2000

56 Countries of Birth for Immigrant Women Entrepreneurs Top 10, 2000 Number of Immigrant Women Entrepreneurs Percent of Immigrant Women Entrepreneurs Country Mexico 93, Korea 34, Vietnam 27, Philippines 22, El Salvador 21, Germany 20, Canada 18, Cuba 16, China* 16, India 16, Total 286, *Does not include Taiwan or Hong Kong

57 Immigrant Women Business Owners Top Ten MSAs, 2000 Percent of Immigrant Metropolitan Area Women Owners Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County 13.1 New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island 11.9 San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose 5.7 Washington-Baltimore 3.4 Chicago-Gary-Kenosha 3.1 San Diego 2.4 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria 2.3 Dallas-Forth Worth 1.7 Boston-Worcester-Lawrence 1.6 Atlanta 1.2

58 Immigrant Men Business Owners Top Ten MSAs, 2000 Percent of Immigrant Metropolitan Area Men Owners Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County 14.7 New York-Nortern New Jersey-Long Island 14.5 San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose 4.6 Chicago-Gary-Kenosha 3.6 Washington-Baltimore 2.5 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria 2.2 Dallas-Forth Worth 1.9 San Diego 1.8 Philadephia-Wilmington-Atlantic City 1.3 Boston-Worcester-Lawrence 1.3

59 H1A & H2B Visas United States Thousands 120 Agricultural workers (H2A) Nonagricultural workers (H2B)

60 Percentage of College Graduates Among Adult Immigrants California, 2001

61 Internationally Recognized Athletes or Entertainers - P1 Visas United States Thousands

62 Immigration vs. GSP California Percent Change, Year Ago 60 Immigration (L) GSP (R) Percent Change, Year Ago

63 Population Projection by Race/Ethnicity As % of State Total, Percent White (L) Hispanic (L) Asian(L) Black (L) Total Population (R) Millions

64 Components of Population Growth in California Thousands per Year % 42% Natural Increase Total Population Immigration -2% Domestic Migration

65 Domestic Migration To/From California Thousands

66 Los Angeles Unified School District Enrollment White (not Hispanic), 9.0% Asian, 3.8% Filipino, 2.2% Other, 0.6% African American, 11.6% Hispanic or Latino, 72.8%

67 California Public School District Enrollment African American, 8.0% Other, 3.2% Filipino, 2.6% Asian, 8.1% Hispanic or Latino, 46.8% White (not Hispanic), 31.3%

68 University of California System Student Diversity Fall 2002 Undergraduate Student Diversity African American 3% Asian American 34% Chicano/Latino 13% White 37% Other/Unknown 13%

69 University of California System Student Diversity Fall 2002 Graduate Student Diversity African American 3% Asian American 15% Chicano/Latino 8% White 60% Other/Unknown 15%

70 Age of 2002 Immigrants to California 2002 Thousands Female Male

71 California Youth Homicide Arrest Rates Age by Race, Rate per 100,000 People 100 White Hispanic Black 80 Asian

72 Marginal Contribution to Changes in Population Arrests Rates By Type of Crime and Race, 2004 Relative Share of CA Population Increase All Fellonies Violent Crime Drug Crime Percent Whites Blacks Hispanics Narcotics Crime

73 Foreign-Born Population California, 2004 Millions % 7% 0 Foreign-Born Population (Immigrants) Total Population Unauthorized Immigrants

74 Change of CA s Share of Immigrant Population 1990 vs Percent of U.S Foreign-Born Unauthorized Immigrants

75 Age Distribution of Immigrants 2003 Percent of Immigrants 100 Legal Immigrants to CA Unauthorized Immigrants to U.S Age 0-17 Age Age 40+

76 Remittances to Mexico from US Account for ~2.5 % of Mexico s GDP US$ Billions

77 Remittances from US to Mexico Number Number of Remittances (L) Average Amount per Remittance (R) US$

78 Canadian Business Immigrants Visa Program & Investments British Colombia, 1991 vs Investment & Entrepreneur Programs Number of Cases Total Funds (C$ Thousands) Number of Cases Total Funds (C$ Thousands) Hong Kong 814 1,483, ,245 Total 1,686 3,436,314 1,225 2,067,255