9 US History Student Name: Unit 3: Reconstruction. Unit Questions. (Prepare to answer these questions for unit exam) Thought Jots

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1 9 US History Student Name: Unit 3: Reconstruction Period: Time Period: Unit Questions (Prepare to answer these questions for unit exam) 1. Why was Lincoln assassinated? 2. What was Presidential Reconstruction? What effect did this have? 3. What was the Freedmen s Bureau? What effect did this have? 4. What was Radical Reconstruction? What effect did this have? 5. Why did Reconstruction end? What effects did this have? Thought Jots

2 Free Note-taking Lined Paper from

3 Unit 3.1: Trade & Middle Colonies Name: Per: FROM THE LECTURE: Starving Time Apprentice Iroquois Confederacy Fur Trade Beaver Wars Plantation Bacon s Rebellion Slave Codes FROM THE BOOK: Section 5.1 (p ) Roanoke Island Joint-stock company Charter Jamestown John Smith Pocahontas Powhatan John Rolfe Plantation Indentured Servant House of Burgesses Royal Colony FROM THE BOOK: Section 5.4 (p ) Middle Colonies New Amsterdam/New York Patroons New Sweden Proprietor Proprietary Colony William Penn Quakers

4 Ac<vity 5: Historical Figure Character Map: Abraham Lincoln AXer viewing the film, complete this graphic organizer using informa<on from Killing Lincoln. Goals Results Skills/ Talents Weaknesses Advantages

5 Ac<vity 6: Historical Figure Character Map: John Wilkes Booth AXer viewing the film, complete this graphic organizer using informa<on from Killing Lincoln. Goals Results Skills/ Talents Weaknesses Advantages

6 Ac<vity 7 Reflec<on and Discussion AXer viewing the film, in a small group discuss the following ques<ons and then share your thoughts during a whole class discussion. 1. Was John Wilkes Booth a madman, a zealot, neither or both? Explain your conclusion based on evidence from Killing Lincoln. 2. How might American history have been different if Lincoln had not been assassinated?

7 Presidential Reconstruction Thought Jot Imagine that you have two sons. Your older son has been bullying and fighting your younger son. The older son says he is upset because the younger son gets more attention. You punish your son, and he responds by running away from home. Before he leaves, he steals $500 from you. What would you do when your son returns? Would you punish him harshly so he won t do it again, or be lenient with him if he promises not to do it again? Explain your choice. Lincoln s Funeral Parade 1

8 Ruins of Richmond, VA Ruins of Richmond, VA 2

9 Emancipation Celebration Freedmen Schoolhouse Burned Brainstorm a list of problems the U.S. faced as a nation after the Civil War 3

10 Presidential Reconstruction 10% Plan: * Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (December 8, 1863) * Replace majority rule with in the South. * He didn t consult Congress regarding Reconstruction. * Pardon to all but the highest ranking and Confederate officers. * When of the voting population in the 1860 election had taken an oath of loyalty and established a government, it would be recognized. President Lincoln s Plan 1864 Lincoln Governments formed in LA, TN, AR They were weak and dependent on the Northern army for their survival. Replace majority rule with loyal rule in the South. : Most citizens of state can vote for who will govern the state. _: Ye who have signed loyalty pledge to the Union (10% of population) may vote for who govern run the state. (1864) Senator Benjamin Wade (R-OH) Required of the number of 1860 voters to take an of allegiance (swearing they had never voluntarily aided the rebellion ). Required a state constitutional convention before the election of state officials. Enacted specific safeguards of freedmen s liberties. Congressman Henry W. Davis (R-MD) 4

11 Wade-Davis Bill (1864) : Loyalty oath saying I never helped the Confederates : Southern states committed suicide when they left the Union. : Southern states became conquered territory when the Union army won. President Lincoln Pocket Veto Wade-Davis Bill With your partner make a pro s/con s list for the Presidential Reconstruction From the point of view: Freedmen Southerners Northerners Presidential Reconstruction Pro s Northerners Con s 5

12 Presidential Reconstruction Pro s Southerners Con s Presidential Reconstruction Pro s Freedmen Con s Wrap-Up Pick an image from the beginning of this presentation that shows a problem that you think would be improved by the President s plan. Explain why the plan will help. Pick an image from the beginning of this presentation that shows a problem that will be made worse by the President s plan. Explain why. 6

13 Thought Jot Imagine that you are a slave who has just been set free. Describe how you are feeling, what you will do next, where you will go, and any challenges you think you might face. Presidential Reconstruction President Lincoln s Plan Amendment Ratified in December, Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. 1

14 (1865) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands. Many former northern abolitionists risked their lives to help southern freedmen. Called by white southern Democrats. (1865) The Freedmen s Bureau assisted newly freed slaves transition to freedom It helped: Provide Settle disputes between former Labor Contracts Protect Freedmen s Build President Andrew Johnson (replaces Lincoln) Lincoln s Vice-President Northern (Lincoln was ) Against in the South White Supremacist. Agreed with Lincoln that states had never legally left the Union. 2

15 Johnson s Take and receive pardon Confederate civil and military officers and those with property over $20,000 must be personally by President Johnson New constitutions for rebellious states No, No, No Confederate Named temporary to oversee elections for constitutional conventions. Johnson s 10%+ Plan Effects: Barred Confederate and leaders from future positions of power Pardoned aristocrats, bringing them in Southern states. Republicans become furious that he pardoned planters and turn on the. Growing Northern Alarm! Many Southern state constitutions fell short of minimum requirements. Johnson granted 13,500 special pardons. Revival of southern defiance. BLACK CODES 3

16 Purpose: * Guarantee stable now that blacks were emancipated. * Restore pre-emancipation. Forced many blacks to become [tenant farmers]. How did sharecropping work? Freedmen would farm land belonging to white owners, oftentimes their old masters. Plantation Land worked by sharecroppers. Freedmen would pay for the land they farmed by giving the landowner a percentage of their. In addition, freedmen would seed, tools, and other supplies from the landowner. * As a result, freedmen were in constant to the landowners and were never able to earn a. If they tried to move, they could be. Therefore, freedmen became tied down to the land, in a state similar to slavery. Analyzing Primary Sources Working in pairs or small groups, you will evaluate primary sources relating to the Freedmen s Bureau. Each group will have a different source to analyze. You will use the Document Analysis Worksheet. When you finish, you will share their resource with the class. 4

17 Freedmen s Bureau Document Analysis Name: Per: 1. What is this document you are looking at? 2. Who is its author? What is their title? 3. Who is its intended audience? 4. Why was it written? 5. Which categories following categories could it be put into? (Circle all that apply) Freedmen Labor & Employment Freedmen: Justice, Law, & Violence Freedmen Churches & Schools Freedmen s Bureau & Carpetbaggers 6. What does this document tell us about Freedmen Labor & Employment during Reconstruction? 7. What does this document tell us about how the law worked for/against Freedmen during Reconstruction? 8. What do this document tell us about Freedmen churches and schools during Reconstruction? 9. What does this document tell us about the role of the Freedmen s Bureau and Carpetbaggers during Reconstruction?

18 Freedmen Labor & Employment Freedmen Churches & Schools Freedmen s Bureau: Laws, Justice, & Violence 5

19 Freedmen s Bureau & Carpetbaggers 6

20 Radical Reconstruction Radical Reconstruction: Period when Radical Republicans wrestled control of Reconstruction from the president. Radical Republicans: Republicans who were Anti- Anti- Anti- Anti- Johnson v. Congress, Lincoln s Vice-President becomes president after his assassination. He continues Presidential Reconstruction ( ) with few changes Republicans in Congress believed he was being too light on the South. Pres. Andrew Johnson Congress Johnson Radicals angered by Johnson s vetoes, obstruction of their plans. Congress passed Tenure of Office Act in 1867 impeached Johnson for violating it. In end, decided by one vote! WHY? People didn t want to upset checks and balances Also, didn t want Johnson s vice president, a Radical, to become president. 1

21 Get Control Win majority in Congress in Election of Key leaders: Charles Sumner in Senate wanted black freedom and racial equality. Thaddeus Stevens in House-- friend of blacks, had defended runaway slaves, hated white southerners. Congressional, or Keep Southern states for awhile. Use to bring about drastic social and economic transformation of the South. Wanted the even if it took federal troops to do it. Pros and Cons of Radical Reconstruction Pros: Passed much desirable legislation and reform Established reformed system established programs property rights for. Cons: & Although this was common in the North too. 2

22 In order to rejoin the Union Southern States must ratify 13 th Amendment 14 th Amendment 15 th Amendment Skits: We will now be breaking to groups of three. Each group will research laws passed during Radical Reconstruction. Groups will write and perform a skit in order to show classmates 1. What is your law was about? 2. What effect did it have? Radical Reconstruction Skits Each skit should be 1-3 minutes long. Your group must write a script and everyone must have a copy. You have the rest of the class period to research your topic and write your script. You must be ready to perform at the beginning of class tomorrow. Skit must answer: 1. What is your law was about? 2. What effect did it have? Radical Reconstruction Skits th Amendment th Amendment th Amendment 4. Black Codes 5. Enforcement Act of Reconstruction Act of

23 Radical Reconstruction Law Skits Name: Radical Reconstruction Law th Amendment What is the law about? What effect did it have? th Amendment th Amendment 4. Black Codes 5. Enforcement Act of Reconstruction Act of 1867

24 What did Reconstruction Achieve? th Amendment: th Amendment: African-American th Amendment: Equal under law 4. Freedmen s Bureau: Help Freedmen transition to 5. Establishment of in the South 6. in the South? Freedmen in large numbers hold local and state help write new state constitutions 7. Black Senate & House Delegates 1

25 Reasons Reconstruction Ended Reason 1: Amnesty Act of 1872: All white Southern can vote and hold public office. ***What will be the impact on voting in the South?? A White Southern Democrat holding his nose as African Americans go to vote Reason 2: Grant Administration Scandals General Grant becomes President Grant. His administration Is remembered as one 0f the most corrupt in U.S. history. * Credit Mobilier Scandal. * Whiskey Ring. * The Indian Ring. Reason 3: The of 1873 The U.S. economy crashes. Many close Many people lose their People stop worrying about problems, like Reconstruction, and start worrying about problems in. 2

26 Reason 4: Compromise of 1876 Southern Democrats and Northern Republicans tie the Presidential Election, so they compromise. North: becomes President (Republican) South: leave South & Ends Reason 5: Governments After the Compromise of 1876, federal troops were withdrawn from the South : White Supremacist governments of ex- Confederates elected with a pledge to restore the South to its pre-war glory. What happened when Reconstruction ended? 1. Restricting the Rights of African Americans : Voters have to pay a fee when they show up to vote at the polls Most blacks could not afford the tax 3

27 Literacy Tests and the Grandfather Clause : This required voters to read and explain a section of the Constitution The Catch: Most blacks at the time could not read, and so they failed the test : If a person s father or grandfather was eligible to vote on January 1 st, 1867, the voter did not have to take the Literacy Test The Catch: No blacks could vote before Segregation: Plessy vs. Ferguson, 1892 This Supreme Court case determined that separating blacks and whites was legal, as long as the facilities were equal : Dividing public areas by race. 3. Laws 4. Segregation laws passed by Southern states that separated blacks and whites in schools, restaurants, theatres, trains, street cars, playgrounds, hospitals, and cemeteries (On left) A racist depiction of blacks dancing through a field 4

28 Share Cropping System Landowner Sharecropper Landowner Loan tools and seed up to 60% interest to tenant farmer to plant spring crop. Farmer also secures food, clothing, and other necessities on credit from merchant until the harvest. Merchant holds lien {mortgage} on part of tenant s future crops as repayment of debt. Plants crop, harvests in autumn. Turns over up to ½ of crop to land owner as payment of rent. Tenant gives remainder of crop to merchant in payment of debt. Rents land to tenant in exchange for ¼ to ½ of tenant farmer s future crop. 5. Black & White Political Participation 5

29 Unit 3 Study Guide: Reconstruction Name: Vocabulary (explain what it is and why it is important) Andrew Johnson Reconstruction Radical Republicans Wade-Davis Bill Freedmen s Bureau Black Codes 13 th Amendment 14 th Amendment 15 th Amendment Carpetbagger Sharecropping Klu Klux Klan (KKK) Redemption Governments Rutherford B. Hayes Compromise of 1877 Presidential Reconstruction Congressional (or Radical) Reconstruction Amnesty Act of 1872 Jim Crow Laws

30 Questions: What were some of the challenges the U.S. faced in rebuilding the South after the Civil War? Explain Lincoln s 10%. What were its key features? How is loyalty rule different from majority rule? Explain the pro s and con s of Lincoln s Reconstruction. What was the Freedmen s Bureau? Explain the role it played in rebuilding the South after the war. Describe the services offered by the Freedmen s Bureau to Freedmen. What laws are associated with Congressional (or Radical Reconstruction)? What are the Black Codes and what effect did they have on Reconstruction? What is the Enforcement Act of 1871 and what effect did it have on Reconstruction?

31 What is Reconstruction Act of 1867 and what effect did it have on Reconstruction? What is sharecropping? How did it work? How did it re-enslave many African Americans? What is Black Rule why was this so upsetting to many Southerners? Why was the Panic of 1873 an important step in the collapse of Reconstruction? How did Grant s administration contribute to the collapse of Reconstruction? Explain different methods that were used to stop African Americans from voting. Explain the outcome of the Plessey vs. Ferguson trial. What is Separate but equal? What effect did this have on African American rights?