Total War and the devastation of the South
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1 THREE ISSUES Why was the war fought? The Emancipation Proclamation Total War and the devastation of the South
2 THREE ISSUES Why was the war fought? To Preserve the Union
3 THREE ISSUES Why was the war fought? To Preserve the Union The Emancipation Proclamation The War ended Slavery
4 THREE ISSUES Why was the war fought? To Preserve the Union The Emancipation Proclamation The War ended Slavery Total War and the devastation of the South Southerners resentful of Northern Aggression
5 RECONSTRUCTION Reconstruction viewed as monumental failure South Devastated Ten Percent of white male population dead Southern economy ruined southern banks are destroyed Confederate money is useless.
6 RECONSTRUCTION Union economy completely restructured by Congress during the war. Pre-1863 UNION paper money is useless, too.
7 RECONSTRUCTION Massive Resentment on both sides South:»Northern Aggression»Northern Economic dominance North:»Rebellion was treason and unwarranted»atrocities committed by Confederacy Andersonville, GA POWs died/day
8 RECONSTRUCTION
9 RECONSTRUCTION
10 RADICAL REPUBLICANS
11 RADICAL REPUBLICANS NORTHERN CONSERVATIVES
12 RADICAL REPUBLICANS NORTHERN CONSERVATIVES SOUTHERN CONSERVATIVES
13 RADICAL REPUBLICANS NORTHERN CONSERVATIVES SOUTHERN CONSERVATIVES SOUTHERN UNIONISTS
14 RADICAL REPUBLICANS NORTHERN CONSERVATIVES SOUTHERN CONSERVATIVES SOUTHERN UNIONISTS SOUTHERN FREEDMEN
15 PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION Port Royal (South Carolina) Experiment Occupied areas of Confederate States had military governors»union Army confiscated cotton harvest and looted southern plantations The Gideonites (March 1862)»Abolitionist missionaries sent to help the slaves
16 PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION Lincoln: Ten-Percent Plan (Dec. 1863) Military government unfavorable in USA Lincoln sought rapid readmission of Southern States to Union
17 PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION Lincoln: Ten-Percent Plan (Dec. 1863) Wade-Davis Bill Ironclad Oath»Pocket Vetoed by Lincoln Congress and President Lincoln have deep disagreements over how to reconstruct the South
18 PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION Thirteenth Amendment (Passed by Congress in Jan went into effect Dec. 1865) Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
19 PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION VP Andrew Johnson May 1865 Johnson offers blanket pardon and amnesty to those who pledge loyal to the Union all property to be returned (except slaves)»johnson wants to take power from Confederate leaders and wealthy planter class they had to apply directly to him for pardon/amnesty/property
20 PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION Johnson: The Johnson Governments All re-entering states acknowledged an end of slavery Many did NOT ratify the Thirteenth Amendment»Mississippi was the last state to do so In 1995! (And did not make formal notification to fed.gov until 2013)!! Most elected Confederate leaders to Congress (including CSA-VP Alexander Stevens)
21 FREEDOM FOR SLAVES Most southern stated adopted Black Codes Education Right to marry (legally) Freedom to search for lost family members Far more NEGATIVE aspects of Black Codes»Practical re-imposition of slavery under the codes
22 CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION Thirty-Ninth Congress (Dec. 4, 1865) Rejected former Confederates sent from Johnson Governments Joint Committee on Reconstruction»Expansion of Freedman s Bureau»Civil Rights Bill of 1865 Johnson vetoed Freedman s Bureau & Civil Rights bills F. Bureau seen by Southerners and President Johnson as meddlesome federal agency that interferes with state s rights
23 FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT Fourteenth Amendment (Passed by 39 th Congress in June 1866 went into effect July 1868) Guaranteed Citizenship to Freed Slaves No state can make any law that abridges the rights of American Citizens (applies bill of rights to states)
24 CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION Congressional Reconstruction and the Radical Republicans Congress requires southern states to ratify 14 th Amendment to be readmitted Reconstruction Act of 1867»South divided into five military districts»states that did not ratify were treated as Conquered Provinces by Republicans in Congress
25 CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION Johnson is in the way how can congress get rid of Johnson? Tenure of Office Act Secretary of War Edwin Stanton Johnson Impeached! (Feb ) Congressional Reconstruction requires southern states to rejoin union (again)
26
27 Election of 1868
28 RECONSTRUCTING THE SOUTH The impact of Reconstruction, The Economy»Railroads quickly rebuilt»industry rebuilt, then grows»cotton remains KING
29 RECONSTRUCTING THE SOUTH The impact of Reconstruction, Labor»Port Royal Experiment Collapsed when land auctioned (to whites)»congress later promised to re-distribute land to freedmen Property rights (even of former Confederates) trumped re-distribution»freedman s Bank established to help blacks buy land Bank collapsed in Panic of 1873
30 RECONSTRUCTING THE SOUTH The impact of Reconstruction, Labor»Tenantry and Sharecropping Cash Tenant Sharecropper»Crop-Lien System
31 SOCIAL CHANGES The impact of Reconstruction, Social and Cultural Changes in the South»Positive changes Rebuilding of the family Freedman s Bureau and education Philanthropist educators The emergence of Black Colleges
32 SOCIAL CHANGES The impact of Reconstruction, Social Changes in the South»Negative changes (prior to 1877) Segregation (pre-jim Crow Laws)
33 SOCIAL CHANGES The impact of Reconstruction, Social Changes in the South»Negative changes (prior to 1877) Segregation (pre-jim Crow Laws) Denial of political and civil rights Redemption
34 SOCIAL CHANGES What is redemption? KU KLUX KLAN Intimidation Beatings Murder
35 SOCIAL CHANGES What is redemption? KU KLUX KLAN Intimidation Beatings Murder FORCE BILLS Klan strongest in nine northern counties of SOUTH CAROLINA
36 SOCIAL CHANGES The Process of Post-Klan Redemption White Republicans socially and politically isolated Black Republicans fired from jobs or denied employment»many suffered violence or death When Mississippi legislature was redeemed in 1876, Republican Governor resigned rather than be impeached
37
38 SOCIAL CHANGES Post Klan Redemption and Racism Freed blacks denied political rights Freed blacks forced into segregated housing and schools (Jim Crow Laws, )
39
40 Election of 1876 THE END OF RECONSTRUCTION Waving the bloody shirt reminding voters of the treason of the Confederate Democrats during the Civil War. Often mean to really distract voters from Republican corruption (take HIS102 for more details on that)
41 Election of 1876
42 Map 16.2 Election of 1876
43 THE END OF RECONSTRUCTION Why did the Radical Republicans end Reconstruction? Compromise of 1877 Federal Troops withdrawn from the South
44 End of slideshow, click to exit.
45
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