Chapter 18 A Divided Nation

Transcription

1 Chapter 18 A Divided Nation David Wilmot Election of 1848 & Free Soil Compromise of 1850 The Strange Death Zachary Taylor The Fugitive Slave Act Kansas-Nebraska Act Dred Scott John Brown And much more!

2 The Wilmot Proviso 1. David Wilmot was a Democratic Representative from the state of. 2. In 1846 Wilmot proposed an to a bill in the House. a. Wilmot s amendment stipulated of the territory won from Mexico would be open to slavery. b. The Mexican War wasn t even. c. The amended bill passed the House but the Senate without voting on it.

3 Wilmot Proviso 3.In 1847 Wilmot again proposed an to a bill in the House. a. Again, Wilmot s amendment would slavery from any land won in the Mexican War. b. The wouldn t vote on the House bill and instead wrote their own. Wilmot would allow slavery as punishment for a crime.

4 Wilmot Proviso 4. This amendment was attached to many bills but could never pass the Senate. The Senate was the South s roadblock to any bills about slavery.

5 Wilmot Proviso 5. What would probably happen? Could be signed or vetoed by the President. Probably vetoed! Most of the presidents before Lincoln were slave owners.

6 Long Term antislavery strategy: Keep adding free states and eventually slavery can be outlawed. (Amend the Constitution)

7 In your book

8 Popular Sovereignty expands

9 The Compromise of 1850 Big questions involving slavery and it s future in the territories. The guy helps fuel a Civil War in Kansas in Henry Ward Beecher is pictured on page 559. He is the preacher who collected money to buy guns known as Beecher s Bibles. The guns were sent to antslavery settlers in KS.

10 Bleeding Kansas Pro-slavery attacks in Lawrence and Osawatomie

11 Population Distribution in 1860 What region will have an advantage when the Civil War starts and why? The North! It had a much larger free population!

12 Preston Brooks beating Charles Sumner with a cane. May 22 nd, 1856

13 Compromise of 1850

14 The Compromise of 1850 Southerners led by John C. Calhoun opposed adding more and more free states. California applied for statehood and was about to tip the scale.

15 The Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay Worked furiously, 70 years old! The Great Compromiser Had created Missouri Compromise The Compromise of 1850 was a series of bills, nobody got everything they wanted.

16 The Compromise of California Statehood 2. New Mexico Territory Popular Sovereignty 3. Slave Trade in Washington D.C. banned 4. New Fugitive Slave law passed 5. Texas debts and land issues This leads us to the mysterious death of President Zachary Taylor

17 The Compromise of California will be a Free State Never had slavery Never would Gold Rush had put California on the fast track to statehood. Southerners proposed extending the Missouri Compromise Line.

18 The Compromise of 1850 California will be a Free State 1. Population exploded after the Gold Rush 2. CA were anti-slavery, adding CA upset the free/slave balance. 3. People in the North view CA statehood as a victory.

19 The Compromise of California Statehood 2. New Mexico Territory President Zach Taylor proposed making it one big state. Decided to apply the principle of Popular Sovereignty

20 The Compromise of California Statehood 2. New Mexico Territory The slavery question was to be decided by Popular Sovereignty People in the South viewed this as a victory. (small one)

21 The Compromise of 1850 The buying and selling of slaves was banned in the nation s capitol. Owning slaves was still legal. People in the North viewed this as a victory. 1. California Statehood 2. New Mexico Territory 3. Slave Trade in Washington D.C.

22 1. California Statehood The Compromise of New Mexico Territory 3. Slave Trade in Washington D.C. 4. New Fugitive Slave Act Southerners wanted to crack down on the Underground Railroad. Perhaps the most unjust law ever written Based on bribery South demanded this in exchange for everything else in the deal

23 The Compromise of California Statehood 2. New Mexico Territory 3. Slave Trade in Washington D.C. 4. New Fugitive Slave law Made it a federal crime to assist runaway slaves Slaves/African Americans could be arrested anywhere. Fugitives not allowed to testify in their own defense. Commissioners were paid $10 if they returned the fugitive to slavery. Fined up to $1000 for helping slaves escape People in the South view this as a victory.

24 1. California Statehood 2. New Mexico The Territory Compromise of Slave Trade in Washington D.C. 4. New Fugitive Slave law These commissioners were paid $5 to let a suspected fugitive go free, $10 to send a suspected fugitive off to slavery.

25 The Compromise of Texas debts and land Texas gave up much of the western land which it claimed for $10,000,000 from the U.S. Government People in the South viewed this as a victory.

26 Harriet Beecher Stowe 5 feet tall, had 6 children Women weren t political Father reform preacher, moved to Cincinnati, OH Wrote some articles & stories Had helped runaways Uncle Tom s Cabin

27 Uncle Tom s Cabin Aimed book at the Fugitive Slave Law and case of John Van Zandt Shattered sales records Blacks were humanized, Christianized Published in 80 different languages, impact on Russian serfs Got 10% of profits, many ripoffs Merchandise Printing 24/7 to keep up with demand

28 Uncle Tom s Cabin Merchandise like coffee, plates, a card game where the goals was to escape and reunite with family Turned into a play, longest running play ever Duel plots: moving south and north

29 South outraged One man jailed 5 years for owning the book Book banned Wrote their own books Stowe intimidated Uncle Tom s Cabin

30 Preston Brooks beating Charles Sumner with a cane. May 22 nd, 1856

31 May 22 nd, 1856 His speech The Crime Against Kansas was 8 hours long. Goes after Senator Andrew Butler who wasn t there. Preston Brooks is Butler s cousin, takes offense.

32 The South treats Brooks like a hero. Reaction

33 Chapter 18 A Divided Nation David Wilmot Election of 1848 & Free Soil Compromise of 1850 The Strange Death Zachary Taylor The Fugitive Slave Act Kansas-Nebraska Act Dred Scott John Brown

34 The Presidents of the 1850 s Out of the first 41 Fillmore 35 Pierce 39 Buchanan 41 All three ineffective Timid Pre Civil War Compromisers Democratic Party still national party Whig party falls apart, Republican Party is in its infancy

35 The Presidents of the 1850 s Millard Fillmore Was a Whig, then a Know Nothing 1. Fillmore was VP, became president when Zachary Taylor died. 2. Fillmore signed the compromise of 1850 to prevent the secession of the South. Death?

36 The Presidents of the 1850 s Millard Fillmore 1. Fillmore 3. He said God knows that I detest slavery, but I can t do anything about it. Ran as a Know Nothing in Bottom Line: supported the Fugitive Slave Act, caved in to the South

37 The Presidents of the 1850 s Franklin Pierce Democrat from NH Unknown, a Dark Horse Campaigned against Whig Winfield Scott Novelist Nathanial Hawthorne wrote his biography to help him get elected. Wife prayed he would lose exhibits/manuscriptcollection/mo m/5-01janepierce/janepierce3.html Mostly debated war records: Fainting Frank vs. Scott.

38 Train wreck kills his 11 year old son two months before his inauguration. Two sons had already died of illness.

39 The Presidents of the 1850 s Franklin Pierce Democrat from NH 1. Pierce signed the Gadsden Purchase 2. Won a landslide election 3. Considered one of the worst presidents because of poor crisis management. Personal Tragedy

40 Pierce signed the Gadsden Purchase. Pro-South: possible Railroad to west

41 a. Popular Sovereignty, could have sent in the army b. Chaos in Congress! The Presidents of the 1850 s Franklin Pierce Popular Sovereignty: Let voters in KS-NE decide slavery question. This caused Bleeding Kansas! Election Landslide! Winfield Scott (R) won only 4 states. 1. Pierce 2. Won Many Whigs left for the Free Soil Party

42 a. Popular Sovereignty, could have sent in the army b. Chaos in Congress! The Presidents of the 1850 s Franklin Pierce Popular Sovereignty: Let voters in KS-NE decide slavery question. This caused Bleeding Kansas! 1. Pierce 2. Won

43 The Presidents of the 1850 s Franklin Pierce 1. Pierce 2. Won 3. Considered one of the worst 4. Bleeding Kansas: He did nothing to stop the violence. He appointed a proslavery governor. He signed the KS-NE Act! His party gave up on him.

44 The Presidents of the 1850 s 5. Ostend Manifesto Was a secret plan to acquire Cuba from Spain and make it a slave state! Involved Pierce s diplomats that met in Ostend, Belgium Outraged North

45 The Presidents of the 1850 s 6. Pierce thought slavery should be left up to the states. Very sad personal life. All his children died. Wife was a recluse. His VP died. Signed the controversial Kansas-Nebraska act opening two new territories to the possibility of slavery

46 The Old Public Functionary James Buchanan 1. Served 1,200 gallons of ice cream at his inauguration. 2. Before the Dred Scott decision was announced, he urged northern judges on the Supreme Court to side with Taney and the South. 3. Urged Congress to make KS a slave state. Was nominated because he had been out of the country and political debates over slavery for months. 4. Republicans took over congress in 1858 mid terms and admitted MN, OR, KS as free states

47 Republicans took over congress in 1858 mid terms and admitted MN and OR as free states More Free States!

48 Buchanan Only president from Pennsylvania Actually is a monument to him in Washington, D.C. After Lincoln s election Political or Moral Issue? 41 out of 41? He will be 44 out of 44.

49 Confederates steal Federal Property. (forts, arsenals, mints, etc.) after Lincoln is elected in November of 1860.

50 1. Often considered the worst president by historians. Buchanan also had poor crisis management skills. 2. Dred Scott: the Supreme Court announced the terrible decision two days after his inauguration. The Presidents of the 1850 s James Buchanan 3. Bleeding Kansas: Buchanan supported the pro-slavery government in Lecompton and urged Congress to admit Kansas as a slave state. 4. Republicans 5. Often considered the worst president because of poor crisis management. 6. Dred Scott: the Supreme Court announced the terrible decision two days after his inauguration. Basically he left Lincoln the biggest mess a president has ever left his successor. Confederacy takes over all but three of the U.S. Forts and arsenals in the South. 7. Bleeding Kansas: Buchanan supported the pro-slavery government? 8. John Brown tries to start a slave revolt at Harper s Ferry. 9. Lame Duck President: after Lincoln s win in 1860, Buchanan did nothing to stop the secession of Southern States before Lincoln s inauguration.

51 Lame Duck: You are president until the President Elect is sworn in.

52 1. Often considered the worst president by historians. Buchanan also had poor crisis management skills. 2. Dred Scott: the Supreme Court announced the terrible decision two days after his inauguration. The Presidents of the 1850 s James Buchanan 3. Bleeding Kansas: Buchanan supported the pro-slavery government in Lecompton and urged Congress to admit Kansas as a slave state. 4. Republicans 5. Often considered the worst president because of poor crisis management. 6. Dred Scott: the Supreme Court announced the terrible decision two days after his inauguration. 7. Bleeding Kansas: Buchanan supported the pro-slavery government? 8. John Brown tries to start a slave revolt at Harper s Ferry. Basically he left Lincoln the biggest mess a president has ever left his successor. Confederacy takes over all but three of the U.S. Forts and arsenals in the South. 9. Lame Duck President: after Lincoln s win in 1860, Buchanan did nothing to stop the secession of Southern States before Lincoln s inauguration.

53 Lincoln Myths or Facts? Circle the statements you think are false (2) Books about Lincoln

54 15,000 at the Ford s Theater Museum

55 Lincoln Early Life Born in Kentucky log cabin, his mom died when he was 5 years old. Basically self educated with the help of his step-mom. Only 2 total years of elementary education. He always borrowed books from whoever had them.

56 His family was always dirt poor and moved a lot, eventually the settled in Illinois. Worked as a clerk, as a rail splitter, and made a flatboat trip to New Orleans. Lincoln

57 Lincoln 4. His trip down the Mississippi exposed him to the brutal realities of slavery in the South. 5. Fought in the Black Hawk war against Indians.

58 Early Career 1. Lincoln began his career as a Whig in the IL state legislature. 2. Was a supporter of Henry Clay and the American System of Internal improvements

59 Early Career 1. Lincoln began his career as a Whig in the IL state legislature. 2. Was a supporter of Henry Clay and the American System of Internal improvements 3. Was a successful lawyer in Springfield, Illinois. 4. Married Mary Todd who was from a wealthy slave-owning family in Kentucky.

60 1. Lincoln began his career as a Whig in the IL state legislature. 2. Was a supporter of Henry Clay and the American System of Internal improvements 3. Was a successful lawyer in Springfield, Illinois. 4. Married Mary Todd who was from a wealthy slave-owning family in Kentucky. Early Career 5. Served one term as a Congressman. He opposed Polk and the Mexican War. 6. Lincoln did not try to win a second term because his views were unpopular. 7. He returned to his law practice.

61 1858

62 Lincoln-Douglas Debates 1. Lincoln opposed the KS-NE act and returned to politics. 2. He joined the newly formed Republican Party in He was the underdog in the Senate race against Stephen Douglas in 1858, but knew the debates with Douglas would get him national attention. 4. Each debate lasted. 5. A divided against itself cannot stand 6. Lincoln opposed the decision and. Insisted he wanted to stop the of slavery. 7. Lincoln lost the election, but at this time senators were elected by, not popular vote.

63 1. Lincoln opposed the KS-NE act and returned to politics. 2. He joined the newly formed in Lincoln-Douglas Debates 3. He was the in the race against Stephen Douglas in 1858, but knew the debates with Douglas would get him national. Each debate lasted 6 hours. 4. A house divided against itself cannot stand 5. Lincoln opposed the Dred Scott decision and Kansas-Nebraska Act. Insisted he wanted to stop the spread of slavery. Alton was the home of Elijah P. Lovejoy

64 Elijah Lovejoy Abolitionists newspaper publisher in Alton, Illinois Was murdered in 1837 by proslavery mob from Missouri First white man to die for speaking out against slavery. When John Brown heard this he pledged to fight slavery

65 1. Lincoln opposed the KS-NE act and returned to politics. 2. He joined the newly formed in He was the in the race against Stephen Douglas in 1858, but knew the debates with Douglas would get him national. 4. Each debate lasted. Lincoln-Douglas Debates 5. A divided against itself cannot stand 6. Lincoln opposed the decision and. Insisted he wanted to stop the of slavery. 6. Lincoln lost the election, but at this time senators were elected by State Legislatures, not popular vote.

66 Lincoln s life mask

67 Lincoln-Douglas Debates 7. Lincoln also said in these debates he wanted to put slavery on a course toward ultimate extinction. That is what made him unacceptable to the South.

68 Lincoln ran as the Republican against three other candidates: a. Stephen Douglas: Democrat (north) b. Breckinridge: _Democrat (south) c. John Bell: Constitutional Union 2. Lincoln was not on the ballot in much of the South. They saw Republicans as the party of John Browns. 1. While Lincoln was the president-elect, began the crisis followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas The CSA was formed in of 1861, Lincoln was inaugurated in of 1861.

69 course toward ultimate extinction Lincoln was unacceptable to the south because he opposed the Spread of slavery. Never claimed he would free slaves or that all people were 100% equal

70 1860 Election

71 1860 Election Notice Oregon is now a state (free) The Democratic Party split North and South When one party splits that guarantees the other party wins.

72 Lincoln ran as the Republican against three other candidates: 1. Stephen Douglass: 2. Breckinridge: 3. John Bell: 2. Lincoln was not on the ballot in much of the. They saw Republicans as the party of. 3. While Lincoln was the president-elect, South Carolina began the Secession crisis followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas.

73 4. The CSA was formed in February of 1861, Lincoln was inaugurated in March of During this time Buchanan does nothing to stop the secession crisis. The CSA takes over U.S. forts, arsenals, post offices, ships, almost everything.

74 Secession First Inauguration speech is classic Secession? Physically the states cannot separate. A government that allows secession will disintegrate into anarchy. That Americans are not enemies, but friends.

75 Secession 5. Lincoln believed secession is unlawful.

76 Secession Bronchitis Appendicitis Secessionitis was a term made up by New York writer

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78 Lincoln ran as the Republican against three other candidates: 2. Stephen Douglass: 3. Breckinridge: 4. John Bell: Lincoln was not on the ballot in much of the. They saw Republicans as the party of While Lincoln was the president-elect, began the crisis followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas The CSA was formed in of 1861, Lincoln was inaugurated in of re/online/game php ntableofcontents.htm Lincoln and secession

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