Slavery and Sectionalism. The Political Crisis of
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1 Slavery and Sectionalism The Political Crisis of
2 Slavery? In the Territories Gold Rush
3 Slavery? In the Territories Compromise of 1850 Dead on arrival/president Taylor dies/douglas Separate Legislation 1. California Free 2. NM and Utah-popular sovereignty 3. Smaller Texas/debt removed 4. Banned Slave Trade/DC 5. Fugitive Slave Act Sectional divided begins N/S and Free Labor/Slave Labor Which side won???
4 Senator Foote (MS) Senator Benton (MO)
5 We get to vote free or slave We get to vote free or slave Political Realignment I think we may go free I ll protect YOU!!! Not!!! Over my dead body!!! Kansas-Nebraska Act Introduced by S.A. Douglas Provisions Repealed ban on slavery above territories Opposition Northern Whigs & Dems -line was untouchable Free- Soilers & Abolitionist- Slave Power Passed Congress on sectional, NOT party lines/tearing parties apart Result- death of Whig party and creation of Republican party
6 Political Realignment Republicans-antislavery Free-Soilers Ex-Whigs Antislavery-Democrats Know-Nothings-anti-foreign Nativism native American s belief in their superiority to the foreign born (German & Irish Catholics) American Party /Know Nothing Party Condemned Both Parties Restrict office to native-born No fund for parochial schools 5 to 21 years for citizenship Big Question???? Who would emerge as the next second party??? Anti slavery or immigrant?
7 Political Realignment Ballots and Blood Border Ruffians (pro slavery) Le Compton Constitution Antislavery settlers New England Emigrant Society Amos Lawrence Lawrence Constitution US Congress- issue Le Compton Const. Senate (Democrats) approved House (Republicans) did not Failed attempt Crime Against Kansas Bleeding Kansas Sacking of Lawrence/John Brown President Pierce sent 1,300 troops to KS
8 Political Realignment You are a Black Republican! Presidential Election of 1856 Republican John C. Fremont Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Men, and Fremont Democrat James Buchanan Northerner with Southern tendencies American Millard Fillmore REPUBLICANS ANNOUNCE A VICTORIOUS DEFEAT -A VERY STRONG, SECTIONAL SHOWING DEMOCRATS WIN PRESIDENCY BUT ELECTIONS SHOWS STRENGTH OF NEW REPUBLICAN PARTY AND INDICATES THAT MORE PEOPLE SAW SLAVERY AS A THREAT TO US THAN IMMIGRANTS (KNOW NOTHINGS DECLINE)
9
10 Political Realignment Deepening Controversy 1857 Dred Scott v. Sandford Supreme Court-Taney Slaves were property not people, and as such no right to sue Congress no right to regulate slavery in Terr.» Southern Position Comp of 1820 void/violates 5 th Amendment Pres. Buchanan supports Slave Power Conspiracy» White House-Pro slave» ½ Congress- Pro Slave» Supreme Court-Pro Slave 1857 Le Compton Constitution approved by Senate and Buchannan and rejected by House and Senator Douglas Kansas indefinitely a Territory (until 1861)
11 A House Divided Lincoln-Douglas Debates 1858 Series of debates that focused on the issue of slavery Lincoln (Rep) Slavery immoral/stop the spread to terr. Douglas (Dem) Popular Sovereignty Douglas wins Senator seat/ Lincoln becomes National figure A House divided can not stand, and I believe this Government cannot endure permanently half-slave and half free. He is a Black Republican and he wants to elevate blacks
12 A House Divided John Brown s Raid 1859 Seized Federal Arsenal in Harper s Ferry, VA Captured and hung for treason Brown hero in the North? Brown struck fear in the South?
13 Election of 1860 Democrats split North-Stephen A. Douglas Popular Sovereignty South- John C. Breckinridge Pro Slavery Constitutional Union John Bell Republican Abraham Lincoln-moderate Platform» No extension of slavery into new territories Sectional Outcome Lincoln wins with 40% A House Divided
14 A House Divided Lincoln s Platform No extension of slavery into new territories Homestead Act to encourage westward expansion (free land) High Tariff for Northern industries Transcontinental RR Internal improvements paid by federal govt
15 A House Divided Secession South Carolina holds convention and unanimously secedes 6 others soon followed Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis (Senator/War)-Pres Alexander Stephens-VP Slavery legal- Constitution Key principles of Confederate constitution: Secession is a legal and natural right Individualism (property rights) and states rights President Buchanan Lame duck Crittenden Compromise Proposed Slavery Amendment Failed :Lincoln no/ CSA no
16 A House Divided Fall of Fort Sumter Lincoln would not surrender Federal property Lincoln re- supply fort/csa would not allow April 12, 1861 CSA assault and take fort Lincoln Calls 75,000 army Civil War has begun
17 Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861
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