#13: Sectionalism & Secession

Transcription

1 #13: Sectionalism & Secession 1. As a result of the modified Fugitive Slave Law from the Compromise of 1850, A) many Northerners who were not abolitionists were outraged at the sight of people being forced to return to slavery. B) abolitionists no longer aided runaway slaves. C) state governments in Massachusetts and Wisconsin actively helped capture runaway slaves. D) the Underground Railroad was destroyed. 2. Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel that brought home the evils of slavery to many in the North was A) Uncle Tom's Cabin. B) The Impending Crisis. C) Twelve Years a Slave. D) Below the Mason-Dixon Line. 3. Harriet Beecher Stowe was A) well known in literary circles prior to the publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin. B) a strident abolitionist. C) a fugitive slave who wrote about the horrors of the Fugitive Slave Act. D) not a professional writer but had been roused by the Fugitive Slave Act. 4. The "Young America" movement argued that A) revolutions in other countries were dangerous. B) democracy was unique to America and could not be exported. C) England was the cause of all American problems. D) democracy would triumph everywhere. 5. In the spirit of the "Young America" movement, William Walker attempted to gain control of A) Guatamala. B) Cuba. C) Nicaragua. D) Mexico. 6. The United States attempted to establish some control over a future canal across the isthmus of Central America by negotiating with A) France. B) Spain. C) Great Britain. D) Nicaragua. 7. The Ostend Manifesto was an American statement supporting aggressive acquisition of A) Panama. B) Hawaii. C) Mexico. D) Cuba.

2 8. The expansionist mood of "Young America" best explains A) the numerous utopian communities such as the Shakers. B) Lincoln's election as President. C) the flood of new immigrants. D) Commodore Perry's expedition to Japan. 9. The most prominent spokesman of the "Young America" movement was A) Lewis Cass. B) Horace Greeley. C) Stephen Douglas. D) Henry Clay. 10. The "Henry Clay of his generation" who based his politics on expansion and popular sovereignty was A) Franklin Pierce. B) Abraham Lincoln. C) Stephen Douglas. D) James Buchanan. 11. Stephen Douglas believed that Congress should be concerned primarily about A) maintaining a balanced federal budget. B) prohibiting slavery in the territories. C) establishing a plan for gradual, compensated emancipation of slaves. D) rapidly exploiting the continent. 12. The Underground Railroad A) was well-organized and extensive in both the North and the South. B) helped slaves escape to Mexico. C) endangered slavery by its explicit challenge to the South. D) aided tens of thousands of escaping slaves each year. 13. During the election of 1852, both major political parties A) supported the Ostend Manifesto. B) attacked the Ostend Manifesto. C) supported the Compromise of D) criticized the Compromise of Stephen Douglas introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 partly because of his A) plans for a transcontinental railroad. B) desire to embarrass President Pierce. C) dramatic religious conversion. D) desire to placate the South. 15. Stephen Douglas staunchly believed that the slavery question in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska should be resolved by A) protecting slavery. B) the Supreme Court. C) banning slavery. D) popular sovereignty.

3 16. According to Garraty/Carnes, the "greatest single step" toward the American Civil War was the A) Fugitive Slave Act. B) Missouri Compromise. C) Kansas-Nebraska Act. D) Compromise of Northern feelings seemed to reach a boiling point on the Fugitive Slave Law with the arrest and return of A) William and Ellen Craft. B) Frederick Jenkins. C) Euphemia Williams. D) Anthony Burns. 18. The Party was most closely associated with nativism known as Americanism. A) Republican B) Free-Soil C) Know-Nothing D) Whig 19. The average settler in Kansas A) was not strongly interested in the slavery question. B) owned large numbers of slaves. C) believed slavery should be abolished. D) owned several University of Kansas sweatshirts. 20. Kansas Territory was bordered on the east by proslavery A) Illinois. B) Missouri. C) Nebraska. D) Arkansas. 21. A major cause of the disorder in Kansas was the A) continued resistance of Native Americans to white exploitation and expansion. B) immigration of numerous free blacks. C) meddling by Congress in local affairs. D) interference from outsiders from both the North and the South on the slavery issue. 22. In May 1856, slaughtered five unarmed, proslavery settlers at Pottawatomie Creek in the midst of "Bleeding Kansas." A) John Brown B) Charles Sumner C) William Lloyd Garrison D) Preston Brooks

4 23. The main responsibility for "Bleeding Kansas" rests upon A) Border Ruffians from neighboring Missouri who mercilessly attacked the free state partisans. B) the Pierce administration, which did not ensure honest elections. C) abolitionist fanatics such as John Brown who were unwilling to compromise their principles and were willing to resort to violence. D) the Buchanan administration, which was afraid of hard action that would alienate the South. 24. Senator was beaten unconscious by a member of the House of Representatives after he gave his "The Crime Against Kansas" speech. A) Charles Sumner B) Preston Brooks C) Stephen Douglas D) William Seward 25. James Buchanan received the Democratic presidential nomination in 1856 mainly because he A) took a strong stand for the extension of slavery. B) had a moderate stand on slavery, even though he was a southerner. C) was overseas during the bitter debate over Kansas. D) had almost no political experience and therefore no political baggage. 26. "An Act of Congress which deprives a person of his liberty or property merely because he came himself or brought his property into a particular Territory could hardly be dignified with the name of due process of law." This statement is from the A) Compromise of B) Ableman v. Booth decision. C) Kansas-Nebraska Act. D) Dred Scott decision. 27. The Dred Scott ruling declared the to be unconstitutional. A) Missouri Compromise B) Fugitive Slave Act C) Kansas-Nebraska Act D) Compromise of A major implication of the Dred Scott decision was that A) slavery was a nationwide institution, excluded only where states specifically abolished it. B) only a territorial legislature could follow the principle of popular sovereignty. C) only Congress could exclude slavery from a territory. D) slavery was a state institution, legal only where states specifically adopted it. 29. The Lecompton constitution caused a complete break between President Buchanan and his former political ally A) Abraham Lincoln. B) Stephen Douglas. C) Jefferson Davis. D) Charles Sumner.

5 30. Buchanan's reaction to the Lecompton constitution was to A) support it because it provided for the gradual emancipation of slaves in Kansas. B) support it as a perfect example of popular sovereignty. C) refuse to submit it to Congress because it permitted slavery. D) support it despite the fraud perpetrated by the proslavery faction. 31. Many Northerners believed that the Panic of 1857 A) was caused by the southern-dominated Congress. B) resulted from "Bleeding Kansas." C) was brought on by the Dred Scott decision. D) proved that Buchanan's economic policies threatened to bankrupt the nation. 32. Prior to becoming President, Lincoln's position on slavery displayed his A) unwillingness to compromise. B) compassion toward the slave owner but condemnation of slavery. C) hatred for slavery and slave owners. D) compassion toward slaves and condemnation of slave owners. 33. In the Lincoln-Douglas debates, Douglas set out to make Lincoln look like a(n) A) abolitionist. B) supporter of slavery. C) war hawk. D) opportunist. 34. During the Lincoln-Douglas debates, Lincoln A) supported both political equality for blacks and the Dred Scott decision. B) portrayed Douglas as an opponent of the Dred Scott decision. C) opposed both slavery and social and political equality for blacks. D) supported repealing the Fugitive Slave Act. 35. During the Lincoln-Douglas debates, Douglas argued that territories could circumvent the Dred Scott decision by not enacting the laws necessary for slavery. This was called the A) Ostend Manifesto. B) Crittenden Compromise. C) Freeport Doctrine. D) Wilmot Proviso. 36. "It matters not what way the Supreme Court may hereafter decide as to the abstract question the people have the lawful means to introduce or exclude it as they please, for the reason that slavery cannot exist unless it is supported by local police regulations." This statement is from A) James Buchanan's "Ostend Manifesto." B) Charles Sumner's "The Crime Against Kansas." C) Stephen Douglas's "Freeport Doctrine." D) Roger B. Taney's reasoning in Dred Scott v. Sandford.

6 37. John Brown's major goal in attacking Harpers Ferry was to A) keep slavery out of Kansas. B) seize the federal arsenal and arm the slaves. C) cut communications between Washington and the South. D) punish the citizens for their support of slave catchers. 38. Before John Brown was executed by Virginia for treason, conspiracy, and murder, A) he behaved like a madman. B) the numerous other plots of his followers were uncovered. C) he behaved with such enormous dignity that many northerners saw him as a martyr. D) his dramatic confessions implicated numerous abolitionists in his attack on Harpers Ferry. 39. "If it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and mingle my blood further with the blood of millions in this slave country whose rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments, I say, let it be done." This statement was made by A) Hinton Helper. B) Abraham Lincoln. C) John Brown. D) Stephen Douglas. 40. In The Impending Crisis of the South, Hinton Helper A) alarmed southerners when he argued that without the re-opening of the international slave trade, the South would face a severe labor shortage. B) treated John Brown as a saint. C) supported the proposed Crittenden amendment to the Constitution. D) alarmed Southerners when he argued that slavery was ruining the South's economy and social structure. 41. In 1860, the Democratic Party A) held two conventions, but united and nominated Stephen Douglas for President. B) collapsed completely and was unable to nominate any presidential candidate. C) held two conventions and split into a northern and a southern faction. D) nominated and elected Abraham Lincoln as President. 42. John Bell and the Constitutional Union Party had their greatest support in the 1860 election in the A) western states of Oregon and California. B) southern states of Texas, Louisiana, and Alabama. C) northeastern states of Massachusetts, Maine, and New Hampshire. D) border states of Kentucky, Virginia, and Tennessee. 43. Lincoln was nominated for President in 1860 in part because of his A) position as the front-runner. B) extensive experience in the House of Representatives. C) excellent team of convention managers. D) support from the Whigs and Know-Nothings.

7 44. In the election of 1860, the Party nominated John Bell for President and ignored the conflicts rending the nation. A) Democratic (Southern) B) Constitutional Union C) Democratic (Northern) D) Republican 45. In the presidential campaign of 1860 A) Lincoln campaigned actively, stressing his opposition to slavery in the territories. B) Southern Democrats swallowed their personal dislike of Douglas and supported him as the last chance to save the Union. C) Bell demanded that the future extension of slavery be guaranteed. D) Douglas realized he would lose, rose above ambition, and appealed to voters, both North and South, to stand by the Union. 46. Abraham Lincoln won the presidential election of 1860 with a A) thin majority of the popular vote. B) plurality of the popular vote. C) plurality of the Electoral College. D) overwhelming majority of the popular vote. 47. Among the most basic justifications for the secession of the South were the A) traditional states' rights arguments. B) refusals of Lincoln and the Republicans to support constitutional guarantees to protect slavery where it already existed. C) fears of the overpowering northern economy. D) promises of aid from England and France. 48. "We must either submit to degradation, and to the loss of property worth four billions, or we must secede." The source of this quote is A) the Mississippi convention. B) the Crittenden Compromise. C) Virginia's "Declaration of Causes of Secession." D) John C. Calhoun's A Disquisition on Government. 49. When the states of the lower South seceded, A) Buchanan declared secession illegal and boldly rallied the Unionists in the South to prevent it. B) Lincoln thought secession a bluff and announced no plans to deal with it before assuming office. C) Congress passed, and Buchanan signed, the Crittenden Compromise, guaranteeing the future security of slavery. D) Lincoln indicated his willingness to compromise on extending slavery in the territories. 50. After secession began in 1860, the proposed constitutional amendment which would have guaranteed the future existence of slavery south of the old Missouri Compromise was proposed by A) Charles Sumner of Massachusetts. B) John Crittenden of Kentucky. C) Alexander Stephens of Georgia. D) John Bell of Tennessee.