Orwell and Politics A Animal Farm in the Context of Essays, Reviews and Letters Selectedfrom The Complete Works of George Orwell

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1 A Orwell and Politics Animal Farm in the Context of Essays, Reviews and Letters Selectedfrom The Complete Works of George Orwell Edited by Peter Davison - Introduction by Timothy Garton Ash PENGUIN BOOKS' >W.V

2 Contents Introduction xi Editorial Note xix Acknowledgements xxi 'How a Nation Is Exploited: The British Empire in Burma', Le Progres Civique, 4 May A Hanging, The Adelphi, August Review: Alec Brown, The Fate of the Middle Classes, May Review: Mark Channing Indian Mosaic, isjuly 'Shooting an Elephant', New Writing, 2, Autumn 1936 vj Review: Tenner Brockway, Workers' Front, 17 February Anonymous review:maurice Collis, Trials in Burma, 9 March Letter to the Editor, 'Ends and Means', New English Weekly/26 May Review: Eugene Lyons, Assignment in Utopia, 9 June 'Why I Join the I.L.P.', New Leader, 24June Review: Franz Borkenau, The Communist International, 22 September Extract from letterfromeileen Blair to Marjorie Dakin, 27 September Manifesto: If War Comes, We Shall Resist, New Leader, 30 September Extract from letterfrommarjorie Dakin to Eileen Blair and Orwell, 3 October Letter tojohn Scents, 24 November Letter to Charles Doran, 26 November 'Political Reflections on the Crisis', The Adelphi, December

3 vi Contents Review: N. de Basily, Russia under Soviet Rule, 12 January Review: F.J. Sheed, Communism and Man, 27 January Letter to Herbert Read, 5 March Review: Clarence K. Streit, Union Now, July ExtractsfromOrwell's 'Diary of Events Leading Up to the War, 2 July-3 September Application to Enrol for War Service, 9 September Review: Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, 21 March ExtractsfromOrwell's 'War-time Diary', 28 May-20 June Review-Jack London, The Iron Heel; H. G. Wells, When the Sleeper Wakes,- Aldous Huxley, Brave New World; Ernest Bramah, The Secret of the League, 12 July Review: The English Revolution: 1640, edited by Christopher Hill, 24 August ExtractsfromLondon Letter to Partisan Review [Current political situation], 3 January The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius, 19 February Part II: Shopkeepers at War 104 Part III: The English Revolution 116 ExtractfromLondon Letter to Partisan Review [Supportfor Labour leaders; preservation of democracy in wartime], 15 April Extract from London Letter to Partisan Review, 'The Anglo-Soviet Alliance', IJ August Review: Louis Fischer, Men and Politics, Christmas Sir Stafford Cripps's Mission to India, March April ExtractfromBBC Weekly News Review for India, 14,14 March ExtractsfromWar-time Diary, 1, 3 and 10 April ExtractfromBBC Weekly News Review for India, 18,18 April Extracts from War-time Diary, 18 and 29 April London Letter to Partisan Review, 'The British Crisis', 8 May Extracts from War-time Diary, 7June and 12 August

4 Contents vii Letter to Tom Wintringham, 17 August Review: Mulk Raj Anand, Letters on India, 19 March London Letter to Partisan Review [Dissolution of the Comintern; growth of the Common Wealth Party: c. 23 May 1943] 177 'Literature and the Left', Tribune, 4 June 'Gandhi in Mayfair. Review of Lionel Fielden, Beggar My Neighbour, September LetterfromRoy Walker to Orwell, 28 September Review: HaroldJ. Laski, Reflections on the Revolution of Our Time, 10 October 'Who Are the War Criminals?' Review of'cassius, The Trial of Mussolini, 22 October Review: Henry NoelBrailsford, Subject India, 20 November Extract from 'As I Please', 4 [On dissociating Socialism from Utopianism], Tribune, 24 December Extract from London Letter to Partisan Review [Parliament and the monarchy], 15January Review:James Burnham, The Machiavellians, 20 January Completion q/"animal Farm 227 / Publication q/"animal Farm, 17 August Animal Farm 231 'As I Please', 17 [What is Fascism?], Tribune, 24 March Review: Louis Fischer, Empire, 13 May 'Benefit of Clergy: Some Notes on Salvador Dali', intendedfor The Saturday Book, 4, Conclusion to letter tojohn Middleton Murry, j August Review: Selections from the Works of Gerrard Winstanley, edited by Leonard Hamilton, 3 September Review: Beverley Nichols, Verdict on India, 29 October Review: Conrad Heiden, Der Fuhrer, 4 January Extract from 'As I Please', 56 [On Europeanfreedom], Tribune, 26January 194s 348 Extract from 'As I Please', 59 [Future ofburma], Tribune, 16 February i Extract from 'Occupation's Effect on French Outlook' [Post-liberation killings in France], Observer, 4 March 194s 353

5 viii Contents 'Notes on Nationalism', Polemic, [October] 194s 355 Unpublished Letter to Tribune [Trial of sixteen Poles in Moscow], 'Polish Trial', 26?June 194s yji 'The Prevention of Literature', Polemic, January 'Freedom of the Park', Tribune, 7 December 194s 394 'Politics and the English Language', Horizon, April 'Freedom and Happiness', Tribune, 4 January The Intellectual Revolt, four articles, Manchester Evening News 'The Intellectual Revolt', 24 January 'What is Socialism?', 31January 'The Christian Reformers', 7 February 'Pacifism and Progress', 14 February Afterword (translatedfromgerman of Neue Auslese/ [April 1946] 435 Extract from letter to Arthur Koestler, 5 March 'Do Our Colonies Pay?', Tribune, 8 March 'Some Thoughts on the Common Toad', Tribune, 12 April Unsigned Editorial [On defending intellectual decency], Polemic, 3, May 'Why I Write', Gangrel, [Summer] Extract from 'As I Please', 61 [Attitudes to immigrants], Tribune, 75 November Extract from 'As I Please', 68 [Class distinctions], Tribune, 3January 'Extractfrom 'As I Please', 70 [Attitudes to Poles in Scotland], Tribune, 24 January Extract from 'As I Please, 73 [Scottish Nationalism], Tribune, 14 February 'Toward European Unity', Partisan Review, July-August 'Marx and Russia', Observer, 15 February 'Writers and Leviathan, Politics and-feetters, Summer Review: Jean-Paul Sartre, Portrait of the Anti-Semite, 7 November 'Reflections on Gandhi', Partisan Review, January Orwell's Statement on Nineteen Eighty-Four, July

6 Contents ix Extracts from Orwell's List of Crypto-Communists and Fellow-Travellers 501 Extracts from Orwell's Pamphlet Collection Catalogue 509 Further Reading 513 Selective Index 517

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