Who Would You Vote For?

Transcription

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2 Who Would You Vote For? Contestant #1 I have had numerous affairs, have selfinterested policies and suffer from ailing health. Contestant #2 I have a drinking habit and a defiant tongue or attitude Contestant #3 I am a decorated war hero, do not drink, and I want to create a stable economy Who Would You Vote for?

3 And the Winner is Contestant #1 Contestant #2 Contestant #3

4 Treaty of Versailles Black Tuesday Total Control of State by a Dictator New political parties that emphasize state control Great Depression Totalitarianism

5 Totalitarianism Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the state (political, military, economy, social, cultural) Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms) Strict controls and laws Military state (secret police, army, military) Censorship (opposing literature and ideas) Propaganda (media radio, newspapers, posters) One leader (dictator); charismatic Total conformity of people to ideas and leader Terror and Fear

6 Nazism Totalitarianism Communism Fascism *These theories, specifically Communism and Fascism, are completely different theories that are bitterly opposed; however they exhibit the same behavior

7 Communism I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from What is Communism? LEFT WING Based on theory by Karl Marx Revolutionary idea of a political, economic and social system that creates a classless society State ownership and control of the means of production (no private ownership) Soviet Communism or Stalinism, was more of a totalitarian and military state combined with elements of communism

8 Fascism I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to What is Fascism? RIGHT WING Intense nationalism and elitism Totalitarian control Interests of the state more important than individual rights Maintain class system and private ownership

9 Nazism I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to What is Nazism? RIGHT WING Extremely fascist, nationalistic and totalitarian Based on beliefs of the National Socialist German Workers Party Belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan, the master race Belief that all Germans should have lebensraum or living space in Europe Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed Germany s problems on them

10 How did Hitler turn the Chancellorship into a dictatorship by 1934?

11 HITLER BECAME CHANCELLOR THE REICHSTAG FIRE THE ENABLING ACT Der Fuhrer OATH OF LOYALTY TO HITLER DEATH OF PRESIDENT HINDENBURG THE NIGHT OF THE LONG KNIVES

12 January 1933 The Depression made many more people vote for the Nazis. In 1933 Von Papen convinced Hindenburg that Hitler should become Chancellor. s e m o c e r o B l l r e e l c t i H han C r a llo e c n h ec r le Hit cam e b

13 The Reichstag Fire The Reichstag Fire February 1933 The Reichstag building (German Parliament) burnt down. A communist was found inside the building. He admitted responsibility. Chancellor Hitler was able to convince people that the Communists were trying to take power by terrorism. He was able to have the Communists banned from the Reichstag.

14 The Enabling Act March 1933 With the Communists banned from the Reichstag Hitler was able to pass: THE ENABLING ACT HITLER CAN RULE ALONE FOR FOUR YEARS. THERE IS NO NEED TO CONSULT THE REICHSTAG.

15 THE ENABLING ACT GAVE HITLER THE POWER TO MAKE HIS OWN LAWS. SO, HE BANNED ALL OTHER POLITICAL PARTIES! SPD SPD- Social Democrats KPD KPD- Communists DDP- German Democratic Zentrum- German Centre Party (Catholic) Zentrum DDP

16 The Night of the Long Knives June 1934 Now that I have gotten rid of oppositional political groups, I can deal with opposition in my party. Ernst Rohm (an old friend), head of the S.A. is very unpopular with the German army leaders. They have the power to overthrow me. I ve been worried about Rohm for a while, so this is a good excuse.

17 The Night of the Long Knives Hitler had to get rid of Rohm. He was too much of a threat. On the night of 30th June 1934 Hitler s S.S. killed over 1000 SA members including Rohm. The army were pleased. Hitler had gained the support of the army.

18 The Death of President Hindenburg August 1934 A FINAL NOTE PRESIDENT HINDENBURG S DEATH GAVE HITLER THE OPPORTUNITY TO COMBINE THE ROLE OF CHANCELLOR AND PRESIDENT. HE CALLED HIMSELF DER FUHRER.

19 Oath of loyalty to Adolf Hitler Every soldier swore a personal oath of loyalty to ADOLF HITLER.

20 So, how did Hitl (sem er bec ome i-) l ega a di lly? ctat or

21 HITLER BECAME CHANCELLOR THE REICHSTAG FIRE THE ENABLING ACT Der Fuhrer OATH OF LOYALTY TO HITLER DEATH OF PRESIDENT HINDENBURG THE NIGHT OF THE LONG KNIVES

22 Nazi Military State and Controls GESTAPO: the Secret State Police SS (Schutzstaffel): Defense Corps black shirts, an elite guard unit formed out of the SA SA (Sturmabteilung): Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" early private Nazi army that protected leaders and opposed rival political parties Lebensraum (living space): concept that emphasized need for territorial expansion of Germany into east Wehrmacht: German army HJ (Hitler Jugend): Hitler Youth Einstazgruppen: Nazi Death Squad; mobile killing units Volk: all inclusive concept of nation, people and race, implying the superiority of German culture and race; led to policy of Volksgemeinschaft (idea of a harmonized racial Nazi community in government policies and programs)

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24 Nationalist Propaganda

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26 This Nazi propaganda poster reads, Behind the enemy powers: the Jew. The Eternal Jew Depiction of a Jew holding gold coins in one hand and a whip in the other. Under his arm is a map of the world, with the imprint of the hammer and sickle. Posters like this promoted a sharp rise in anti-semitic feelings, and in some cases violence against the Jewish community.