Unit Study Guide Period 7:

Transcription

1 Unit Study Guide Period 7: Key Concepts 7.1: Growth expanded opportunity, while economic instability led to new efforts to reform U.S. society and its economic system. 7.2: Innovations in communications and technology contributed to the growth of mass culture, while significant changes occurred in internal and international migration patterns. 7.3: Participation in a series of global conflicts propelled the United States into a position of international power while renewing domestic debates over the nation s proper role in the world. Key Terms & Themes Becoming a World Power William Seward Monroe Doctrine French in Mexico Alaska Purchase (1867) Pan-American Conference (1889) James Blaine Venezuela Boundary Dispute Cleveland and Olney Hawaii Pearl Harbor Queen Liliuokalani Cleveland blocks Annexation International Darwinism Business and Imperialist Competitors Spreading Religion and Science Josiah Strong Expansionist Politicians Steel and Steam Navy Alfred Thayer Mahan Nationalist Media Cuban Revolt Valeriano Weyler Jingoism Yellow Journalism De Lome Letter, sinking of the Maine. Teller Amendment A splendid little war Invade the Philippines George Dewey Rough Riders Theodore Roosevelt Treaty of Paris: Puerto Rico Guam and Philippines Annexation Dispute

2 Emilio Aguinaldo Anti-Imperialist League Insular Cases Platt Amendment (1901) Spheres of Influence John Hay Open Door Policy Boxer Rebellion U.S. joined international force Second Hay Note Big-Stick Policy TR supports Panama Revolt Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903) Building the Panama Canal George Goethals William Gorgas Roosevelt Corollary Santo Domingo Russo-Japanese War Treaty of Portsmouth (1905) Noble Peace Prize (1906) Segregation in San Francisco Schools Gentlemen s Agreement Algerciras Conference (1906) Hague Conference (1907) Root-Takahira Agreement (1908) William Howard Taft Role of American Money Railroads in China Manchurian problem intervention in Nicaragua Henry Cabot Lodge Lodge Corollary Woodrow Wilson Anti-Imperialism William Jennings Bryan Jones Act (1916) Puerto Rico Citizenship Conciliation Treaties Military Intervention Mexican Civil War General Huerta Tampico Incident ABC Powers Pancho Villa Expeditionary Force John J. Pershing Urban Middle Class Male and Female White, Old Stock Protestants Professional Associations The Progressive Era Pragmatism William James John Dewey Frederick W. Taylor Scientific Management Henry Demarest Lloyd Standard Oil Company

3 Lincoln Steffans Ida Tarbell Jacob Riis Theodore Dreiser Australian ballot Direct Primary Robert La Follett Seventeenth Amendment Direct Election of Senators Initiative, Referendum, and Recall Municipal Reform Samuel M. Jones Tom L. Johnson Commission Plan City Manager Plan Charles Evans Hughes Hiram Johnson Wisconsin Idea Regulatory Commissions State Prohibition Laws State Regulation of Education and Safety National Child Labor Committee Compulsory School Attendance Florence Kelley National Consumers League Lochner v. New York Muller v. Oregon Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Square Deal Anthracite Coal Miner s Strike (1902) Trust-Busting Bad vs. Good Trusts Elkins Act (1903) Hepburn Act (1906) Upton Sinclair The Jungle; Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) Meat Inspection Act (1906) Conservation of Public Lands Newlands Reclamation Act (1902) White House Conference Gifford Pinchot Socialist Party of America Eugene v. Debs Bull Moose Party New Nationalism New Freedom Mann-Elkins Act (1910) Sixteenth Amendment, Federal Income Tax Payne-Aldrich Tariff (1909) Firing of Pinchot Underwood Tariff (1913) Federal Reserve Act (1914) Federal Reserve Board Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) Federal Trade Commission Federal Farm Loan Act (1916) Racial Segregation Laws Increased Lynching Booker T. Washington

4 W.E.B. Du Bois National Association for the Advancement of Colored People National Urban League Carrie Chapman Catt National American Woman Suffrage Association Alice Paul National Woman s Party Nineteenth Amendment League of Women Voters Margaret Sanger World War I and its Aftermath Allied Power Central Powers Neutrality Submarine Warfare Lusitania Sussex Pledge Propaganda Ethnic Support Preparedness Election of 1916 Robert LaFollette Jeannette Rankin Edward House Zimmermann Telegram Russian Revolution Declaration of War War Industry Boards Food Administration Railroad Administration National War Labor Board Taxes and Bonds Selective Service Act Service of African Americans Committee on Public Information George Creel Anti-German Hysteria Espionage Act (1917) Sedition Act (1918) Eugene Debs Schenck v. United States Wartime Jobs for Women Attitudes toward Suffrage Migration of Blacks and Hispanics Bolsheviks Withdraw American Expeditionary Force John J. Pershing Western Front November 11, 1918 Peace without Victory Fourteen Points Wilson in Paris Big Four Treaty of Versailles Self-Determination League of Nations Article X

5 Election of 1918 Henry Cabot Lodge Irreconcilables Reservationists Wilson s Stroke Rejection of Treaty Recession, Loss of Jobs Falling Farm Prices Red Scare Anti-Radical Hysteria Palmer Raids Xenophobia Strikes of 1919 Boston Police Strike Race Riots Warren Harding Charles Evans Hughes Andrew Mellon Harry Daugherty Albert Fall Teapot Dome Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act Bureau of the Budget Calvin Coolidge Herbert Hoover Alfred E. Smith Business Prosperity Standard of Living Scientific Management Henry Ford Assembly Line The Modern Era of the 1920s Open Shop Welfare Capitalism Consumerism Electric Appliances Impact of the Automobile Jazz Age Radio, Phonographs National Networks Hollywood Movie Stars Movie Palaces Popular Heroes Role of Women Sigmund Freud Morals and Fashions Margaret Sanger High School Education Consumer Culture Frederick Lewis Allen Only Yesterday Gertrude Stein Lost Generation F. Scott Fitzgerald Ernest Hemingway Sinclair Lewis Ezra Pound T.S. Eliot Eugene O Neill Industrial Design Art Deco Edward Hopper Regional Artists Grant Wood George Gershwin Northern Migration

6 Harlem Renaissance Countee Cullen Langston Hughes James Weldon Johnson Claude McKay Duke Ellington Louis Armstrong Bessie Smith Paul Robeson Back to Africa Movement Marcus Garvey Black Pride Modernism Fundamentalism Revivalists: Billy Sunday, Aimee Semple McPherson Scopes Trial Clarence Darrow Volstead Act (1919) Rural vs. Urban Organized Crime Al Capone 21 st Amendment Quota Laws of 1921 and 1924 Sacco and Vanzetti Case Ku Klux Klan Birth of a Nation Blacks, Catholics and Jews Foreigners and Communists Disarmament Washington Conference (1921) Five-Power Naval Treaty Nine-Power China Treaty Kellogg-Briand Treaty (1928) Latin America Policy War Debts Reparations Dawes Plan (1924) The Great Depression and the New Deal Stock Market Crash Black Tuesday Dow Jones Index Buying on Margin Uneven Income Distribution Excessive Debt Overproduction Federal Reserve Postwar Europe Debts and High Tariffs Gross National Product Unemployment Bank Failures Poverty and Homeless Herbert Hoover Self-Reliance Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930) Debt Moratorium Farm Board Reconstruction Finance Corporation Bonus March (1932) 20 th Amendment ( Lame-Duck ) Franklin D. Roosevelt

7 Eleanor Roosevelt New Deal Relief, Recovery, Reform Brain Trust Francs Perkins Hundred Days Bank Holiday Repeal of Prohibition Fireside Chats Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Public Works Administration Harold Ickes Civilian Conservation Corps Tennessee Valley Authority National Recovery Administration Schechter v. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Federal Housing Administration Works Progress Administration Harry Hopkins National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act (1935) Social Security Act (1935) Election of 1936 New Deal Coalition John Maynard Keynes Recession of 1937 Father Charles Coughlin Francis Townsend Huey Long Supreme Court Reorganization Plan Conservative Coalition Congress of Industrial Organizations John J. Lewis Sit-Down Strike Fair Labor Standards Act Minimum Wage Depression Mentality Drought; Dust Bowl; Okies John Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath Marian Anderson Mary McLeod Bethune Fair Employment Practices Committee A. Phillip Randolph Indian Reorganization (Wheeler-Howard) Act (1934) Mexican Deportation Good Neighbor Policy Pan-American Conferences Diplomacy and World War II Soviet Union Recognized Independence for Philippines Reciprocal Trade Agreements Japan takes Manchuria Stimson Doctrine

8 Fascism Italian Fascist Party Benito Mussolini Ethiopia German Nazi Party Adolf Hitler Axis Powers Spanish Civil War Francisco Franco Rhineland Sudetenland Munich Appeasement Poland; Blitzkrieg Isolationism Nye Committee Neutrality Acts America First Committee Charles Lindbergh Quarantine Speech Cash and Carry Selective Training and Service Act (1940) Destroyers-for- Bases Deal FDR, Third Term Wendell Willkie Four Freedoms Speech Lend-Lease Act (1941) Atlantic Charter Escort Convoys Oil and Steel Embargo Pearl Harbor War Production Board Office of Price Administration Government Spending, Debt Role of Large Corporations Research and Development Manhattan Project Office of War Information The Good War Wartime Migration Civil Rights, Double V Executive Order on Jobs Smith v. Allwright Braceros Program Japanese Internment Korematsu v. U.S. Rosie the Riveter Wartime Solidartity Election of 1944 Harry S. Truman Battle of the Atlantic Strategic Bombing Dwight Eisenhower D-Day Holocaust Island-Hopping Battle of Midway Douglas MacArthur Kamikaze Attacks J. Robert Oppenheimer Atomic Bomb Hiroshima; Nagasaki Big Three Casablanca Conference Unconditional Surrender Tehran, Yalta, Potsdam United Nations

9 Stimuli (A)

10 Stimuli (B) Most [Progressive Era reformers] lived and worked in the midst of modern society and accepting its major thrust drew both their inspiration and their programs from its specific traits.... They prized their organizations... as sources of everyday strength, and generally they also accepted the organizations that were multiplying about them.... The heart of progressivism was the ambition of the new middle class to fulfill its destiny through bureaucratic means. Robert H. Wiebe, historian, The Search for Order, , published in 1967 Women s collective action in the Progressive era certainly expressed a maternalist ideology [a set of ideas that women s roles as mothers gave them a responsibility to care for society as well].... But it was also sparked by a moral vision of a more equitable distribution of the benefits of industrialization.... Within the political culture of middleclass women, gender consciousness combined with an awareness of class-based injustices, and talented leaders combined with grassroots activism to produce an impressive force for social, political, and economic change. Kathryn Kish Sklar, historian, The Historical Foundations of Women s Power in the Creation of the American Welfare State, Mothers of a New World, 1993

11 Stimuli (C)

12 Stimuli (D)

13 Stimuli (E)

14 Stimuli (F) The central task of the New Deal... might be either social reform in a restored economy, or political stabilization in a disintegrating society, or, most likely and most urgently, economic recovery itself. In fact, these three purposes social reform, political realignment, and economic recovery flowed and counterflowed throughout the entire history of the New Deal. Perhaps precisely because the economic crisis of the Great Depression was so severe and so durable, Roosevelt would have an unmatched opportunity to effect major social reforms and to change the very landscape of American politics. David M. Kennedy, historian, Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, , published in 1999.

15 Stimuli (G)

16 Stimuli (H)

17 Stimuli (I)

18 Stimuli (J) We hold that the policy known as imperialism is hostile to liberty and tends toward militarism, an evil from which it has been our glory to be free. We regret that it has become necessary in the land of Washington and Lincoln to reaffirm that all men, of whatever race or color, are entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness We earnestly condemn the policy of the present national administration in the Philippines. It seeks to extinguish the spirit of 1776 in those islands We denounce the slaughter of the Filipinos as a needless horror. We protest against the extension of American sovereignty by Spanish methods. We demand the immediate cessation of the war against liberty, begun by Spain and continued by us. We urge that Congress be promptly convened to announce to the Filipinos our purpose to concede to them the independence for which they have so long fought and which of right is theirs. Platform of the American Anti-Imperialist League, October 17, 1899

19 Stimuli (K) Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrong doing or impotence, to the exercise of international police power We would interfere with them only in the last resort, and then only if it became evident that their inability or unwillingness to do justice at home and abroad had violated the rights of the United States or has invited foreign aggression to the detriment of the entire body of American nations. Theodore Roosevelt, Speech to Congress, Dec. 6, 1904

20 Stimuli (L)

21 Stimuli (M)

22 Stimuli (N) On the first of February, we intend to begin submarine warfare unrestricted. In spite of this it is our intention to keep neutral the United States of America. If this attempt is not successful we propose an alliance on the following basis with Mexico: that we shall make war together and together make peace. We shall give financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas and Arizona. The details are left in your settlement. Arthur Zimmermann, German Foreign Minister, January 19, 1917

23 Stimuli (O) It has been said, times without number, that if Hitler cannot cross the English Channel he cannot cross three thousand miles of sea. But there is only one reason why he has not crossed the English Channel. That is because forty-five million determined Britons, in a heroic resistance, have converted their island into a armed base, from which proceeds a steady stream of sea and air power. As Secretary Hull has said: It is not the water that bars the way. It is the resolute determination of British arms. Were the control of the seas by Britain lost, the Atlantic would no longer be an obstacle rather, it would become a broad highway for a conqueror moving westward. The New York Times, April 30, 1941

24 Stimuli (P) Rationing is a vital part of your country s war effort. Any attempt to violate the rules is an effort to deny someone his share and will create hardship and help the enemy. This book is our Government s assurance of your right to buy your fair share of certain goods made scarce by war. Price ceilings have also been established for your protection. Dealers must post these prices conspicuously. Don t pay more. Give your whole support to rationing and thereby conserve our vital goods. Be guided by the rule: If you don t need it, DON T BUY IT. IMPORTANT: When you used your ration, salvage the TIN CANS and WASTE FATS. They are needed to make munitions for our fighting men. Cooperate with your local Salvage Committee. War Ration Books 3 and 4, Office of Price Administration, 1943

25 Stimuli (Q)