Section 1: From Neutrality to War

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2 Section 1: From Neutrality to War 1. What Caused World War I? a. Militarism: I m bigger than you b. Alliances: Who s my friend? c. Imperialism: I want this too d. Nationalism: Everyone wants to be their own leader e. Economic Rivalries (settling old scores)

3 Section 1: From Neutrality to War 2. The Fighting Begins a. Archduke Ferdinand v. Gavrilo Princip b. Europe: 1. Allied Powers: Britain, France, Russia 2. Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Turks 3. New Technology (tanks, gas, planes, machine guns) 4. Trench Warfare (stalemate) 5. Naval Blockades (U-boats and such )

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6 Section 1: From Neutrality to War 3. Wilson Urges Neutrality a election was won on the slogan, He Kept Us Out of War! a. Backed by: isolationists, pacifists, and German Americans

7 Section 1: From Neutrality to War 4. Neutrality Gives Way to War a. Cultural ties: Immigrants pull to join b. Germans are being bullies c. Propaganda ups the ante d. Submarine warfare and blockades continue to increase 1. Sussex pledge did not last long 2. Germans: use of Unrestricted Submarine Warfare e. Zimmerman Telegram f. American merchant ships sunk by Germans = sealed the deal!

8 In your opinion Take out a piece of paper and answer the following questions: 1. Scholars agree that there were many things that caused WWI. In your opinion, which was the leading cause? Explain your answer. 2. If you had been the leader of a European nation that quickly became involved in WWI, would you have made the same decisions as their leader? Why/Why not? 3. What would you have done the same/differently?

9 Level 2: Learning Goal Scales Compare how the war impacted: German America, Asian Americans, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Jewish Americans, Native Americans, and women in the United States Examine and describe the impact of airplanes, battleships, new weaponry, and chemical warfare in creating new war strategies Explain and evaluate the causes of WWI including: creation of the European alliances, assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the role of imperialism, nationalism and militarism (M.A.I.N) Define: Lusitania, The Fourteen Points, Zimmermann Telegram, Great Migration, League of Nations, Treaty of Versailles, Trench Warfare, militarism, contraband, U-boat, neutrality, Mustard Gas, Selective Service Act, Conscientious objectors, Espionage Act, convoy, selfdetermination, influenza, inflation, Red Scare, Palmer Raids, Western Front, reparations Level 3: Develop a logical argument explaining why the United States should/should not have annexed the Philippines Compare the political policies of Progressive Presidents Analyze the pros and cons to the U.S. involvement in WWI and come up with alternative solutions to decisions made by the U.S. officials Connect the past to present by explaining whether decisions could have been made to stop WWI from happening and what can be done to prevent WWIII.

10 Section 2: The Home Front 1. America Mobilizes for War a. General Pershing commands the AEF (American Expeditionary Force) b. Conscription called the Selective Service Act 1. Birthday determined draft order 2. Opposition and Its Consequences a. Conscientious objectors: refused to fight, sent in noncombatant roles, frowned upon and typically seen as cowards

11 Section 2: The Home Front 3. The War Changes American Society a. Committee of Public Information 1. Propaganda = main tool b. War-Time Economy = work with big business again c. War Industries Board = Bernard Baruch used standard specifications for various products d. Food Administration = Herbert Hoover more efficient farming methods led to surplus to be sent overseas

12 Section 2: The Home Front 3. The War Changes American Society e. Fuel Administration = coal and gasoline f. Railroad Administration = fares and repairs g. Emergency Ship Corporation = fleet of merchant ships h. War Labor Board = mediate between workers and owners i. Liberty Bonds = buy and government will pay back with interest

13 Section 2: The Home Front 4. Civil Rights, Women, & Minorities a. Espionage Act (1917) b. Sedition Act of 1918 c. Eugene Debs = arrested for anti-war speech d. Schenck v. U.S. e. Debs v. U.S.

14 Section 2: The Home Front 4. Women a. Jeannette Rankin = first woman in Congress b. Alice Paul = opposed war c. Jobs in factories multiplied

15 Section 2: The Home Front 4. Minorities a. German-Americans 1. Prejudice increases 2. 4,000 were imprisoned as suspected spies b. Native-Americans 1. Code-talkers, selling bonds c. Jewish Americans 1. Anti-Defamation League d. African Americans 1. One-step forward, two-steps back 2. Great Migration e. Hispanic Americans 1. Need for workers made it easy for Mexicans to come across the border f. Asian Americans 1. Immigration Act of 1917

16 Tell me more Ch. 12, Section 2 Be specific with your answers! 1. How did America mobilize for war? a. Think War industries board, Committee of Public information, etc. 2. What types of jobs did Conscientious objectors have? 3. Who were some of the important people for/against going to war? 4. How did the rights of Americans and Immigrants change during the mobilization period?

17 Level 2: Learning Goal Scales Compare how the war impacted: German America, Asian Americans, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Jewish Americans, Native Americans, and women in the United States Examine and describe the impact of airplanes, battleships, new weaponry, and chemical warfare in creating new war strategies Explain and evaluate the causes of WWI including: creation of the European alliances, assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the role of imperialism, nationalism and militarism (M.A.I.N) Define: Lusitania, The Fourteen Points, Zimmermann Telegram, Great Migration, League of Nations, Treaty of Versailles, Trench Warfare, militarism, contraband, U-boat, neutrality, Mustard Gas, Selective Service Act, Conscientious objectors, Espionage Act, convoy, selfdetermination, influenza, inflation, Red Scare, Palmer Raids, Western Front, reparations Level 3: Develop a logical argument explaining why the United States should/should not have annexed the Philippines Compare the political policies of Progressive Presidents Analyze the pros and cons to the U.S. involvement in WWI and come up with alternative solutions to decisions made by the U.S. officials Connect the past to present by explaining whether decisions could have been made to stop WWI from happening and what can be done to prevent WWIII.

18 Section 3: Wilson, War, and Peace 1. America Gives the Allies the Edge a. Armistice reached Nov. 11, 11 am (Veteran s Day) 2. Wilson Promotes Peace Without Victory a. Fourteen Points b. New Diplomacy c. League of Nations 3. Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference a. Fourteen Points shot down b. Treaty of Versailles = War Guilt 4. America Rejects the Treaty a. Article X = helping League members facing aggression

19 Section 4: Effects of the War 1. America Adjusts to Peace a. Demobilization = major transition, wartime restrictions subsided b. Men coming home had no job, no government aid c. Depression of

20 Section 4: Effects of the War 2. The Red Scare a. Bolsheviks come to power in 1917 (Russia pulled out of WWI) b. Communists adopt color red for their cause c. Palmer Raids led to the arrest of 6,000 Russian and German immigrants d. Sacco and Vanzetti = trial lacked strong evidence and still resulted in the death penalty for both men

21 Section 4: Effects of the War 3. Americans Embrace Normalcy a. Warren Harding: Return to Normalcy 1. Raised tariffs 2. Lowered taxes for the wealthy 3. Laisse Faire tendencies 4. Restricted Immigration (Emergency Quota Act of 1921) b. Washington Naval Conference 1. First attempt at disarmament 2. Four-Power to Nine-Power Treaty

22 Tell me more Using your textbook and working with a partner, find more information about the following people/events: Section 1 1. Military strength of each nation a. Think about: weapons, amount of people in the military, etc. 2. What was it like on the Western Front? a. Compare to Eastern Front, what made them different? 3. New types of warfare and their effect on the war a. Poison gas, Machine Guns, U-Boats what else? Section 2 1. How did America mobilize for war? 2. What role did Conscientious objectors play? 3. How were Civil Rights affected?

23 Tell me more Section 3 1. What changes happened as America entered the Great War? 2. Wilson and his 14 points 3. Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations Section 4 1. What role did disease play? 2. The Red Scare a. Who was affected, court cases/outcomes, etc 3. Normalcy what was meant by that?

24 Level 2: Learning Goal Scales Compare how the war impacted: German America, Asian Americans, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Jewish Americans, Native Americans, and women in the United States Examine and describe the impact of airplanes, battleships, new weaponry, and chemical warfare in creating new war strategies Explain and evaluate the causes of WWI including: creation of the European alliances, assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the role of imperialism, nationalism and militarism (M.A.I.N) Define: Lusitania, The Fourteen Points, Zimmermann Telegram, Great Migration, League of Nations, Treaty of Versailles, Trench Warfare, militarism, contraband, U-boat, neutrality, Mustard Gas, Selective Service Act, Conscientious objectors, Espionage Act, convoy, selfdetermination, influenza, inflation, Red Scare, Palmer Raids, Western Front, reparations Level 3: Develop a logical argument explaining why the United States should/should not have annexed the Philippines Compare the political policies of Progressive Presidents Analyze the pros and cons to the U.S. involvement in WWI and come up with alternative solutions to decisions made by the U.S. officials Connect the past to present by explaining whether decisions could have been made to stop WWI from happening and what can be done to prevent WWIII.