Alan Brinkley, AMERICAN HISTORY 13/e. Chapter Nineteen: From Crisis to Empire

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1 Alan Brinkley, AMERICAN HISTORY 13/e

2 The Politics of Equilibrium Electoral Stability High Turnout for Elections Cultural Basis of Party Identification Catholics Tended to Vote Democrat 2

3 The Politics of Equilibrium The National Government Civil War Pension System Fed. Govt. Relatively Inactive The State, War, and Navy Building, Washington DC (Library of Congress) 3

4 The Politics of Equilibrium Presidents and Patronage Stalwarts and Half-Breeds Garfield Assassinated-1881 Charles J. Guiteau Pendleton Act-1883 Supported by Chester A. Arthur President and Mrs. Rutherford B. Hayes (Library of Congress) 4

5 The Politics of Equilibrium Cleveland, Harrison, and the Tariff Election of 1884 New Public Issues Sherman Antitrust Act-1890 Used to Break up Labor Unions McKinley Tariff Interstate Commerce Act-1887 Used to Regulate Railroads Five-person Commission Little Practical Effect Grover Cleveland (Library of Congress) 5

6 The Politics of Equilibrium The Agrarian Revolt The Grangers Origins Supported Farmer Interests Economic Grievances Political Program 6

7 The Politics of Equilibrium The Farmers Alliances Mary Lease Birth of the People s Party-1892 Raise less corn and more hell! 7 Mary Lease

8 The Politics of Equilibrium The Populist Constituency Free Silver Colored Alliances Populist Ideas Populist Platform Favored Direct Election of U.S. Senators 17th Amendment-1913 Populism s Ideological Challenge 8

9 The Crisis of the 1890s The Panic of 1893 Overexpansion and Weak Demand Most Severe Depression up to that Point Coxey s Army Demanded Public Works Projects The Silver Question Crime of 73 -Discontinued Silver Coinage Coinage Act of 1873 Symbolic Importance of the Currency Question 9

10 A Cross of Gold The Emergence of Bryan William McKinley Cross of Gold Speech-1896 William J. Bryan Fusion 10 William McKinley (Library of Congress)

11 A Cross of Gold The Conservative Victory Birth of Modern Campaigning End of the People s Party-1896 Populists Severely Defeated McKinley and Recovery Currency Act Election of

12 Stirrings of Imperialism The New Manifest Destiny Increasing Importance of Trade Intellectual Justifications for Imperialism Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan The Influence of Sea Power upon History Annexation of Hawaii-1898 Hemispheric Hegemony Venezuelan Dispute U.S. vs. Great Britain 12

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15 Stirrings of Imperialism Hawaii and Samoa Self-Sufficient Societies Queen Liliuokalani Revolution by American Planters and U.S. Marines Acquisition of Samoa-1899 Threat from Germany Hawaiian Sugar Cane Plantation 15

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17 War with Spain/Spanish-American War-1898 Controversy over Cuba Cuban Revolt-1895 The U.S.S Maine Call for War from Imperialists Yellow Press William Randolph Hearst Dupoy de Lome Letter You furnish the pictures and I ll furnish the war William Randolph Hearst 17

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19 War with Spain A Splendid Little War Supply and Mobilization Problems Secretary of State John Hay Buffalo Soldiers Seizing the Philippines Commodore Dewey s Victory Manila Bay The Spanish-American War in Cuba,

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21 War with Spain The Battle for Cuba The Rough Riders Theodore Roosevelt Battle of San Juan Hill Kettle Hill Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders (Library of Congress) 21

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23 War with Spain Puerto Rico and the United States Annexation of Puerto Rico Sugar Economy The Debate over the Philippines The Philippines Question Treaty of Paris-Dec Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines $20 Million Paid to Spain Anti-Imperialist League Large Costs of an Empire and Burdensome Taxes Election of 1900 Most Americans Favored National Colonialism 23

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25 The Republic as Empire Governing the Colonies Platt Amendment-1901 Cuba Made into a Protectorate U.S. Could Intervene to Protect Life and Property American Economic Dominance The Philippine War ( ) Emilio Aguinaldo Guerilla Tactics and Brutal Warfare 4300 U.S. Servicemen Killed 50,000 to 200,000 Filipinos Killed Growing Economic Dependence Philippines Finally Gain Independence in

26 Filipino Prisoners

27 The Republic as Empire The Open Door Hay s Open Door Notes Boxer Rebellion-1900 China Threatened by Western Domination Chinese Nationalists Wanted Expel All Foreigners A Modern Military System Root s Military Reforms 27

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29 29 The American South Pacific Empire, 1900.

30 Patterns of Popular Culture: The Chautauquas 30

31 Where Historians Disagree: Populism 31

32 America in the World: Imperialism Imperialism at High Tide:

33 Patterns of Popular Culture: Yellow Journalism The Yellow Dugan Kid (Library of Congress) 33