CLASSICAL EAST: CHINA QIN & HAN DYNASTIES

Transcription

1 CLASSICAL EAST: CHINA QIN & HAN DYNASTIES

2 Quick Review!! The next few slides are a review from when we last studied China. Read through the slides!

3 Confucianism What dynasty was this created in? Founder? What are the key concepts in Confucianism? CONFUCIANSIM Zhou Dynasty Confucius = founder Grew out of chaotic era Ethical philosophy Dao- duty & humanity 5 Constant Relationships Humans are good do unto others Gov t jobs based on merit

4 Daoism Founder? How is Daoism similar to Confucianism? Key concepts of Daoism? Daoism Laozi = founder Rival to Confucianism Do not interfere with natural order (let nature take it s course)

5 Legalism During which dynasty was it created? What are the characterisecs of an ideal ruler according to Legalist philosophy? Legalism Qin Dynasty Humans are evil by nature Strong ruler needed to create order Strict rules Harsh punishments No compassion shown

6 1027 B.C. Zhou conquered Shang DynasEes in China ZHOU DYNASTY (longest in history-800yrs) Mandate of Heaven DynasEc Cycle Confucius & Lao Tzu Filial Piety- children show devotion and respect to their parents

7 DynasEes in China Qin Dynasty Reign of Qin Shihuangdi Rise Attributes Rule Fall

8 Qin Dynasty Reign of Qin Shihuangdi Rise Rule Fall Attributes Rose to power at 13 in 221 B.C. Defeated others to unite China Single monetary system System of roads throughout empire Taxation Expanded empire through strong army Harsh ruler regime Legalism Censorate Ruthless Terra-cotta soldiers Died in 210 B.C. 4 years later, Dynasty overthrown by Han

9 Qin Dynasty Reign of Qin Shihuangdi Rise Rule Fall Attributes Rose to power at 13 in 221 B.C. Defeated others to unite China Single monetary system System of roads throughout empire Taxation Expanded empire through strong army Harsh ruler regime Legalism Censorate Ruthless Terra-cotta soldiers Died in 210 B.C. 4 years later, Dynasty overthrown by Han

10 Qin Dynasty Reign of Qin Shihuangdi Rise Rule Fall Attributes Rose to power at 13 in 221 B.C. Defeated others to unite China Single monetary system System of roads throughout empire Taxation Expanded empire through strong army Harsh ruler regime Legalism Censorate Ruthless Terra-cotta soldiers Died in 210 B.C. 4 years later, Dynasty overthrown by Han

11 New Notes Guided Notes start now! Make sure you are reading, not just filling in the blanks! There will be a vocabulary quiz and open-notes quiz on Tuesday!

12 China Reunified By the second century BCE, China had devolved into semi-feudalisec states in which peasants worked the land of the nobles in exchange for proteceon The Qin Dynasty was overthrown aaer years of high taxes, labor quotas, and harsh punishments for crime Rival nobles fought for control of China, with two powerful leaders, Xiang Yu (shee-ang-yoo) and Liu Bang (LEE-oo-bahng) coming to power. Xiang promised warlords they could keep their lands and Etles if they fought for him Bang, one of Xiang s Generals, eventually turned on him, and in 202 BCE Bang declared himself the first emperor of the Han Dynasty which would be in power the next 400 years

13 HAN DYNASTY

14 Establishing absolute power Almost immediately, Bang sought to centralize China s power by destroying local warlords, and establishing a vast bureaucracy in which hundreds of provincial workers called commanders, would report back to the central government Bang won popular support (support from the people) by replacing legalism with a more lenient law code which reduced taxes and soaened legal punishments

15 Liu Bang s Death and Ascension Emperor Bang died in 195 BCE and was replaced by his son, but in name only Since Bang s son was too young to rule, his mother, Empress Lu, would serve as queen regent Empress Lu would outlive Bang s oldest son, and remain in power by naming another infant son Emperor When Lu died in 180 BCE, those loyal to Bang s family executed the remaining members of Empress Lu s family and reestablished Bang s dynasty

16 QuesEon Who was the first emperor of the Han dynasty? Liu Bang How did he come to power? declared himself the first emperor of the Han Dynasty aaer turning on Xiang Yu (his general)

17 Han Dynasty expands Bang s great-grandson Wudi, would take the throne in 141 BCE and reign longer than any other Han emperor, dying in 87 BCE (54 years) Wudi would greatly expand the Han Empire through warfare The first enemies Wudi would conquer were the Xiongnu (shee-ung-no), nomadic tribes from northwestern china who were conduceng raids against the Chinese provinces, stealing goods and taking hostages The Xiongnu were in at least some ways, ancestors to the Mongols

18 Wudi the conqueror Wudi sent 100,000 soldiers to conquer the Xiongnu Wudi also made alliances with the Xiongnu s enemies, who together, conquered a majority of the Xiongnu However, raids would conenue throughout Wudi s reign Wudi would go on to conquer modern day Manchuria, Korea, and Vietnam

19 Social Hierarchy Chinese society under the Han was a Eered bureaucracy Top was the emperor who ruled from the capital Below him were regional kings and governors who ruled different provinces of the empire below them were the government officials, tax collectors, and the nobles/scholars Then came the peasants grew food for the empire Soldiers, aresans and merchants made up the lowest free class, with slaves, mostly made up of conquered people, consetueng the lowest class.

20 QuesEon Why were Chinese peasants a higher social class than merchants than soldiers? Peasants provided food

21 DuEes of ciezens Every ciezen in the Han empire had responsibiliees to the state peasants would give a poreon of their crops to the government as their way of paying taxes Merchants would also pay taxes in the form of commodiees, and in rare instances gold or silver peasants also owed the government one month a year of either labor (building roads, walls, monuments) or military service

22 Religion and government under the Han At it s height, Wudi s government employed more than 130,000 people in the civil service Wudi was a believer in Confucianism s ideologies of respect, generosity, truthfulness, diligence and kindness and therefore established a school for civil service workers based on the teachings of Confucius Government jobs were based on an individuals performance on examinaeons over Confucianism Technically, everyone in China could apply for government jobs but only the wealthy could afford to send their children to the

23 Confucianism: Women and Children A lot of good, but. One of the traditions is that a newborn girl must be placed under the bed in order to signify her submission and role in society to that of man. The Three Submissions were defined by Confucianism and stated that women had to submit to men at all points in their lives. She submitted to her father when she was young, her husband when she was married, and her son when she was widowed. The primary role of women was childbearing, raising children, and household duties such as cooking and cleaning as well as working in the fields. Women had no say in any family matters except those related to child raising.

24 Han China Advanced Technology Paper was invented in A.D Before that, books were usually wrioen on silk. But paper was cheaper, so books became more readily available. This helped spread educaeon in China. The inveneon of paper also affected Chinese government. Formerly, all government documents had been recorded on strips of wood. Another technological advance was the collar harness for horses. This inveneon allowed horses to pull much heavier loads than did the harness being used in Europe at the Eme The Chinese perfected a plow that was more efficient because it had two blades. They also improved iron tools, invented the wheelbarrow, and began to use water mills to grind grain.

25 Han China The desire for Chinese luxury goods led to the Silk Road

26 AssimilaEon as China conenued to conquer new territories, the Chinese government pursued a process called assimilaeon, which sought to make newly conquered peoples part of Chinese culture to accomplish this the government sent Chinese farmers to seole these new areas, and intermarry with the locals The government also established Confucianism schools, and appointed local scholars to regional government posieons

27 Economic Gap Despite the popularity of the Han Dynasty, by the mid first century BCE, the economic gap between rich and poor was growing rapidly According to Chinese tradieon, when a farmer died he divided his land evenly among his children eventually, the land plots were small enough that neither sustenance farming or paying yearly taxes were feasible Oaen Emes farmers would borrow money from the wealthy at high interest rates, when loans could not be repaid, the rich confiscated the poor s land

28 Decline of the Han Following Wudi s death, several weak, ineffeceve rulers controlled China Peasant revolts spread across the empire eventually, a Confucian scholar named Wang Mang, who was serving as regent for an infant ruler, took the crown for himself and effecevely ended the Han dynasty Mang inieated several reforms including the mineng of coins, setup a granary to feed the poor, and redistributed land from the rich to the poor In 11 CE a great flood killed thousands and lea millions homeless leading to Mang s assassinaeon in the same year A member of the Han family would ascend to the throne two years later beginning the second Han Dynasty

29 Comparing Two Great Empires What similarities do you notice between the Han Dynasty and Roman Empire?

30 CLASSICAL EAST INDIA & CHINA 479 BC Greece wins Persian wars 509 BC Rome becomes Republic 334 BC Alexander starts empire 323 BC Alexander dies 320 BC 269 BC --- Mauryan Empire 202 BC 220 AD --- Han Dynasty 44 BC Julius Caesar killed 27 BC 180 AD ---Pax Romana 284 AD Diocletian divides empire 320 AD 420 AD --- Gupta Empire 476 AD Western Roman Empire collapses