VIE: Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project

Transcription

1 Social Monitoring Report Semestral Report January 2011 VIE: Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project Prepared by Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project Management Board (SB4HPMB) for the Asian Development Bank.

2 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT INDEPENDENT MONITORING REPORT No.4 RESETTLEMENT AND ETHINIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Prepared by VICA Consultants International Ltd. January 2011

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS... 4 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 5 I.1. Project s general introduction... 5 I.2. Implementation and Personnel arrangement of the Monitoring No II. METHODOLOGIES... 6 II.1. Monitoring Objectives and Scope... 6 II.2. Monitoring methodologies... 7 III. SUMMARIZING THE COMPENSATION AND RESETTLEMENT PROGRESS... 8 IV. RESULTS IN MONITORING REMDP IMPLEMENTATION... 9 IV.1. Information disclosure, consultations and community participation... 9 IV.2. Detailed Measurement Survey (DMS) and preparing the compensation plan IV.3. Unit price and compensation pricing IV.4. Payment of compensation and assistance IV.5. Site Clearance IV.6. Construction of the resettlement sites IV.7. Income restoration and livelihood development for AHs IV.8. Gender, ethnic minorities and healthcare considerations IV.9. Grievances and grievance addressal IV.10. Coordination among stakeholders IV.11. SB4HPMB internal monitoring V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS V.1. Conclusions V.2. Recommendations ANNEXES Annex 1: List of staff and AHs interviewing Annex 2: Records of AH s consultation in Vinh hamlet on livelihood recovery Annex 3: Samples of DMS for households in Pa Pang hamlet, Zuoih commune Annex 4: Table of compensation amount and assistance at Pa Pang hamlet, Zuoi commune Annex 5: Some records on payment of compensation and assistance Annex 6: Plan to use compensation amount and livelihood assistance prepared by CHF 42 Annex 7: Some photos at the fieldwork VICA Consultants Ltd., Page 2

4 Annex 8: Compensation unit price of land, trees, structures and other assets applied for this Project according to Decision No. 23/2010/QD UBND dated 30/9/2010 by Quang Nam PPC LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Sites visited by the Consultants Table 2: List of the items under REMDP Vol 2 whose DMSs had been conducted Table 3: Synthesizing the assistances in the project, applicable for the AHs Table 4: Rate of the site clearance in the Project s items: Table 5: Revised plan on constructing the resettlement sites as being agreed among the relevant stakeholders Table 6: On-going livelihood restoration and improvement activities for AHs LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Images on the consultation meetings on establishing the resettlement site and agro-forestry land use planning in Pa Pang, Pa RumB and Pa hi villages Figure 2 : Proceedings of the AH s DMSs in Pa Pang village, Zuoih commune Figure 3: Some pictures on the project s information disclosure Figure 4: Some pictures on the compensation and assistances for the AHs in Pa Pang village, Zuoih commune Figure 5: Some pictures of the access roads to Pa Pang and Pa Rum B resettlement sites Picture 6: Some pictures of livelihood restoration and assistance for AHs in using compensation VICA Consultants Ltd., Page 3

5 ACRONYMS ADB AHs/APs DMS DONRE DPC EVN FSL GOV M&E PFP PPC PPTA PRA REMDP RMIU Asian Development Bank Project Affected Households/Persons Detailed Measurement Survey Department of Natural Resources and Environment District People s Committee Electricity of Vietnam Full Supply Level Government of Vietnam Monitoring and Evaluation Policy Framework of the Project Provincial People s Committee Project Preparation Technical Assistance Participatory Rapid Assessment Resettlement and Ethnic Minorities Development Plan Resettlement Management and Implementation Unit SB4 Song Bung 4 SB4HPMB SB4HPP TA TOR USD VND/BVND Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project Management Board Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project Technical Assistance Terms of Reference American Dollar Vietnam Dong/Billion Vietnam Dong VICA Consultants Ltd., Page 4

6 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I.1. Project s general introduction 1. Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project (SB4HPP) is to be built on Bung River, a tributary of Vu Gia River, some 3km upstream of the confluence with A Vuong River and Bung River. The project is carried out in Zuoih and Ta Bhing communes of Nam Giang District, Quang Nam Province in Central Vietnam. Song Bung 4 Dam, located on an effluent of Bung River, lies on the boundary of Zuoih and Ta Bhing communes of Nam Giang District. The reservoir locates fully in Zuoih Commune. The project has been started since June The Project works include a dam of 110m high with the length of the dam at the top of 367 m, an underground water conveyance system and a Song Bung 4 dam power station. Song Bung 4 Project, located on Bung River some 3km upstream of the confluence with A Vuong River, will create a reservoir with an area of some 15.8 km2 at the Full Supply Level (FSL) of m and an area reduction of 7.8 km 2 with minimum/ dead water level of +195 m 3. Water from Song Bung 4 Reservoir will be diverted, via a headrace tunnel and an underground penstock to a power station located on Bung River some 5km downstream of the dam. The difference in elevation between the reservoir and the power station is some 125 m at the FSL. From the power station, the water is conveyed back to Bung River via a short tailrace canal. 4. SB4HP has been approved by ADB for updating REMDP Vol 1; Vol 2 and Vol 3A in 2010 and after an agreement was reached with the ADB mission (from 29 th November to 13 th December 2010) on revised resettlement plan in compliance with new timeline (table 5). 5. In accordance with the revised plan on the latest progress, reservoir flood discharge will be approved by ADB once all compensation has been paid to AHs as well as the resettled AHs have been relocated to the Resettlement sites under the approved REMDP. As a result of the adjustment, total investments dramatically increase against initial design. This is mainly because of increased payment for AHs, resulting from the adjustment in compensation and assistance policy. 6. Under approved REMDP for SB4HP, an amount of some $US 2 millions from Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction (JFPR) is granted for the programs of livelihood rehabilitation and assistance, gender and ethnic minority development as well as healthcare and medical services, and technique assistance undertaken by CHF. The contract was signed at the end of 2008, and will be finished in June According to adjusted construction plan for Resettlement sites, the latest Project s relocation and resettlement will be completed on 31 st September Based on agreement among SB4HPMB with Sino contractor and Mott MacDonald Consultants, key milestones in construction progress are as follows: Date of Construction commencement : 3/9/2010; River backfilling 16/1/2012; Storing water in the reservoir: 1/6/2014; Operation of the Electricity Generation Unit No. 1: 9/2014; Operation of the Electricity Generation Unit No. 2: 10/2014; Construction completion: Quarter IV/ Currently, SB4PMB s progress has been submitted to EVN for its approval. VICA Consultants Ltd., Page 5

7 I.2. Implementation and Personnel arrangement of the Monitoring No VICA Independent Consultant Team (the Consultants) arrived in the field from 04/01/2011 to 12/01/2011. The main purposes of this monitoring phase include: (i) collecting information, confirming the actual results of the implementation of the Resettlement and Ethnic Minority Development Plan (REMDP) of SB4 Project. (ii) providing some crucial recommendations to improve the REMDP implementation. 10. The Consultants (i) met with SB4HPMB to discuss and collect data on the implementation progress of the project components, (ii) worked with and interviewed the staff of SB4HPMB and Nam Giang District Resettlement Management and Implementation Unit (RMIU Nam Giang) to affirm the results of settling complaints and grievances during the compensation process, (iii) discussed the staff in Vinh village and representatives of TaBhing Communal People s Committees, and the staff of Pa Pang village Zuoih commune to affirm the compensation, assistance and income restoration progress for the Affected Households (AHs) (iv) questionaires and in-depth based interviewed and consulted with AHs of all project components, (v) Group discussion on gender and ethnic minority issues with the AHs. 11. The Consultants comprises of: Mr. Nguyen Ngoc Tri - Team Leader / Resettlement Specialist Ms Tran Thi Thu Ha - Livelihood Development Specialist Mr. Ha Huu Nga - Ethnic Minority Specialist Mr. Doan Van Dinh Survey Staff Ms Nguyen Hong Ky - Survey Staff Mr. Duong Duc Chien - Survey Staff II. METHODOLOGIES II.1. Monitoring Objectives and Scope 12. The first, second, and third REMDP Independent monitoring reports were in full of the objectives, contents and monitoring methods at the request of SB4HPMB. This monitoring report summarizes the main objectives and scopes of the monitoring as below: General objective: To strengthen the efficiency of the Project activities (progress and quality of activities, compliance level with requirements prescribed in REMDP Specific objectives: o Studying the implementation status of REMDP in the three project areas namely the reservoir, the upstream/downstream areas of the reservoir and the land-restoration area (for construction) of the project. o Collecting the latest information on the Project s impacts; monitoring the REMDP updating for each component (or each sub-project). o Checking the implementation of DMS/IOL and the accuracy of the data. o Independently monitoring the compensation and assistance, and site clearance for all project components which include: i) Road 14D; ii) 35KV Transmission Line; iii) Access road to Pa Pang Resettlement site; iv) Pa Pang Resettlement site; and certifying the DMS progress for reservoir components under REMDP Vol 2; VICA Consultants Ltd., Page 6

8 II.2. o Monitoring the activites related to livelihood restoration for AHs, issues of gender, ethnic minority issues and healthcare services. o Evaluating results as well as the implementation of internal monitoring activities for conclusions and recommendations on REMDP implementation. Monitoring methodologies II.2.1. Desk study 13. The Consultants started with studying the relevant documents which were available on file in office (similar to the previous monitoring times) to collect qualitative information and to capture the general progress of compensation, assistance and resettlement of the project at the time of monitoring. The documents scrutinized by the Consultants include: (i) The first, second, and third monitoring reports; (ii) Updated REMDPs (especially Chapters 6, 7, and 8 of updated REMDP Vol 2); (iii) internal monitoring report of the SB4HPMB; (iv) ADB s MOU during field trip with PMU from 29/11/2010 to 13/12/2010. The Consultants, additionally, regularly update new policies of ADB and GoV for ensuring efficiency of monitoring activities. II.2.2. Field work 14. A variety of methods were combined to get the best monitoring results which included (but do not limit to) the following specific methods: Document Analysis. 15. The Consultants reviewed the documents related to safety policies, legal documents, internal reports and other documents on the results of compensation, assistance and resettlement activities for diverse information sources in order to collect and analyze relevant matters during REMDP implementation. The Consultants studied the documents on CHF s activities and conducted random checks on records and documents relating to the implementation of compensation, assistance and resettlement of SB4HPMB, RMIU. In-depth interviewing method 16. The Consultants carried out in-depth interviews with the Affected Persons (APs), project staff and those who are responsible for REMDP implementation by a prepared list of questions. This can be added to information collected from questionnaires and document analysis. During this monitoring, in-depth interviews were conducted with the following groups: SB4HPMB s staff: 5 persons CHF s staff: 3 persons RMIU s staff: 3 persons Staff of TaBhing commune: 2 persons Staff of Vinh and Pa Pang hamlets: 5 persons AHs of Vinh and Pa Pang hamlets: 20 persons Questionnaire Interview 17. During the monitoring process, this method is used as a main tool to assess the main points regarding resettlement. The Consultants distributed questionnaires to 77 AHs during this monitoring. VICA Consultants Ltd., Page 7

9 Group discussions 18. The group discussions were conducted with the village officials and representatives of the AHs at Vinh village, Ta Bhing commune to collect information on the advantages, difficulties and solutions to the implementation and re-evaluation of project framework as well as policy framework. This method, moreover, was carried out with a focus on evaluation of other issues related to the benefits of the APs, community participation, efficiency of construction investment, and implementation capacity of the project staff. The Consultants carried out 5 groups discussions most of which were conducted at the community houses (Guoil house). There were 6-8 participants in each discussion, specifically: Observation AHs: 02 discussions (1 in Vinh, 1 in Pa Pang villages) Women: 02 discussions (1 in Vinh, 1 in Pa Pang villages) Vulnerable people: 01 discussion (Pa Pang village) 19. In order to assess the project s impacts on collecting information in field trip, the Consultants visited and interviewed the AHs in their own houses, observing their living conditions and facilities. The Consultants, also, interviewed AHs how they used their compensation as well as assistance methods for AHs livelihood rehabilitation after project implementation. III. SUMMARIZING THE COMPENSATION AND RESETTLEMENT PROGRESS 20. Implementation progress of the main project components was basically in line with the working schedule approved by EVN under its Decision 1579/QD-EVN dated 14/11/2008. The items of the main works were commenced on 25 th June To the monitoring time, Detailed Measurement Surveys (DMS) have been completed for 12 work components. However, at the monitoring time, the compensation and assistance payment have been conducted for only 11 work components. Therefore, compare to the 3rd monitoring (May 2010), compensation payment has been completed for 1 more component (i.e. Flood Avoidance Road for National Highway 14D) (including 11 AHs). The last key item is reservoir component under the re-assessment of land use status (including 4 AHs in vinh hamlet). And land use status has been identified and detailed inventory has been conducted in Hamlet 2, Zuoih commune. Compensation and assistance payment for 25 AHs has been completed in Pa Pang Resettlement site by SB4HPMB. CHF is currently providing technique assistance for livelihood restoration and development for these 25 AHs under the contract signed with ADB. 22. Construction survey and design for Resettlement sites are lagging 8 months behind the plan due to local consultants inexperience which causes difficulty for updating REMDP. To the monitoring time, Resettlement site construction plans were adjusted at request of ADB s mission during the appraisal period from 29/11/2010 to 13/12/ Access roads to Pa Rum A and Pa Rum B Resettlement sites has been technically open to traffic. Construction of the whole alignment is expected to be completed and put into operation by quarter I/2011. The in-progress access road to Pa Pang Resettlement site is expected to be completed by the end of quarter I/2011. Temporary bridges and roads could be used for accessing Pa Pang Resettlement site by the local people and contractors (the connecting section with National Highway 14D at Khe Vinh bridge). 24. At the Resettlement sites such as Pa Pang, Pa Pum A, Pa Rum B, Rum B and PDhi, the demarcation of the landmarks in the field had been completed with the participation of PMU staff, JFPR consultants (of CHF) and the local people. Bid documents of Pa Pang construction VICA Consultants Ltd., Page 8

10 package has been approved by EVN for NCB; the construction will be commenced at the beginning of March, Currently, setting up landmarks in the Resettlement sites has been carried out by PMU in order to hand over the site to the community. 25. In Thon 2 village Zuoih commune, measurement and identification of affected land status have been completed. Currently, the detailed inventory was being conducted by PMU and would be finished at the end of 2/ In order to create a favourable site for construction of Flood Avoidance Road for National Highway 14D as well as to minimize the clearance of the forest area in Thanh River s nature reserve, there were 04 AHs who should resettle under the Khe Vinh reservoir component will be relocated under the updated REMDP Vol 2. The list of the AHs had been updated in REMDP Vol 2 by PMU and the Consultants, and the relocation activities will be conducted before the construction of this road. 27. Some project activities had been lagging behind the schedule (for about 8 months) due to some subjective causes (such as cooperation among localities for agreement steps, delays in licensing, decision making, and contractor s construction) as well as objectives (natural disaster and floods, etc.) which beyond PMU s control. 28. Co Tu APs were assisted in accordance with the Project Policy Framework (PPF) and GoV s policies on ethnic minorities. The amounts of compensation and accompanied assistance have been paid to the APs (with the presence of both husband and wife) after they signed (or finger printed) on the List of Acknowledgement Receipts. 29. Overall, the rate of progress of compensation and resettlement was slower than expected due to different causes. The payment of compensation and assistance for the AHs was implemented in compliance with regulations by RMIU and SB4HPMB. However, during the DMS process, there were some generated assets of the AHs (mostly the trees) causing a number of questions from the AHs. These queries / complaints were jointly settled by CPCs, RMIU Nam Giang, CHF, and SB4HPMB. IV. RESULTS IN MONITORING REMDP IMPLEMENTATION IV.1. Information disclosure, consultations and community participation 30. Communication and information disclosure on the Project have been conducted right after the approval of the Project. Before site clearance activities are carried out, information about APs benefits, Project policies, Project s environment impacts, Project operationalization, responsibilities of stakeholders and grievance mechanism, etc. were all made known to local people by the local authorities at all levels (SB4HPMB, RMIU, local staff, CHF etc). 31. Form and content of the information disclosure and consultantsion on SB4HP has been introduced in the 3 rd Monitoring Report 1. The 4 th Monitoring Report will focus on the outcomes and the difficulties during the course of consultations in Zuoih commune, specifically in Pa Pang village. 32. Most of the AHs in the main works in REMDP Vol 3 fall under the category of marginally affected household. Therefore, after receiving the compensation payments, almost all AHs invested in: rehousing, buying household appliances, depositing in Nang Giang VBARD and reinvesting in the production in the remaining arable land areas. 33. In general, the majority of the households in REMDP Vol 3 used the compensation to invest in the livelihood recovery activities after the withdrawal of productive land. SB4HPMB has 1 See Annex V.1: Information disclosure, consultation and community s participation VICA Consultants Ltd., Page 9

11 combined with local government organized various training sessions and consultations for the AHs to help them in the right direction in the use of compensation money to restore and stabilize their lives. 34. The information disclosure has received close attention from SB4HPMB as far as the Ahs under REMDP Vol 2 is concerned, including the AHs in Zuoih commune, 04 households in Vinh reservoir in view of the impact of the resettlement will change their lives completely. SB4HPMB and local staff have held consultations, information disclosure campaign for times. The contents of the consultations forcus on the rights and obligations of the AHs within the Project Framework. Most of the AHs understand their entitlement in the compensation policies of the project. Figure 1: Images on the consultation meetings on establishing the resettlement site and agro-forestry land use planning in Pa Pang, Pa RumB and Pa hi villages Source: SB4HPMB và CHF, January/ Contents and forms of the community consultations to be carried out in the project affected area are the combination of staff of SB4HPMB, Nam Giang RMIU, Tabhing and Zuoih communes and the CHF technicians. The consultations were carried out in all the affected village. The contents were summarized in the below table: Table 1: Sites visited by the Consultants Component Commune Village Access road to Pa Rum B site, ChaVal A Bat Access road to Pa Pang Pa Rum A, Pa Dhi site Zuoih PaRum B, Pa Pang, Pa Rum A, Pa Dhi Rearrangement of Road 14D Tabhing Vinh (Source: Independent Monitoring Consultant (IMC), January, 2011) 36. The participation of the local people in the project is also attended by SB4HPMB, CHF and the local staff during the course of communication and consultations through such activities as: establishing the village resettlement group, village healthcare group, village veterinary group, agrohusbandry development group (each group has 02 persons one male and one female). Members of the group being mentioned above is the representatives of the AH and the persons who have qualifications and reputation in the community. This activity is aimed at solving the employment problem and restoring the livelihoods for the poor AHs whose land areas were acquired. 37. Rehousing in the resettlement site is also a matter of concern of the AHs. According to the orriginal engineering design, The project will provide house construction for the AHs using the VICA Consultants Ltd., Page 10

12 approved housing design of EVN. However, during the consultations with the AHs, SB4HPMB and REMDP updating consultants realized that this modality is not appropriate with the actual condition. Therefore, the construction of the resettlement housing will be undertaken by the local people upon their own aspirations and with the technical advices from CHF (aside from the general consultations, specific consultation meetings were also organized to several households with the participation of both husband and wife) 2 and và SB4HPMB s staff. It was then assessed by the Consultants that this was the SB4HPMB s flexibility in going after the comments, it is plausible and should be replicated. 38. However, the development of public consultations in the project area, SB4HPMB and the associated agencies has encountered a number of difficulties as follows: (i) limitation in communication with the indigenous people since some of the AHs (mostly the elderly) don t understand Kinh language; (ii) number of AHs participating in the meetings was not met the requirement, althought the meeting invitation had been delivered to the AHs by CPC and/or chief/vice chief of the villages; (iii) ensuring the progress of the consultation and monitoring activities of SB4HPMB and the Consultants were limited due to these activities were dependent on the agricultural production on a seasonal basis. However, the contents of the meetings have been relaid to the households who did not participate through the Chief / Vice Chief of the Villages and other AHs in the project area. 39. The Consultants realized that most of the AHs can listen and speak Vietnamese but many of them are illiterate. Confirmations of the compensation payments and signing in the documents were finger-printed. This is the highest barrier for them in getting to know about the project s activities which were printed on the posters and leaflets. Therefore, it is very neccessary to use both languages: Cotu and Kinh since it s helpful and meaningful. This is also a popular form of communication which should be maintained and developed for other components. General comments 40. Public consultation had been carried out satisfactorily by SB4HPMB, JFPR consultants in collaboration with Nam Giang RMIU, and CPCs. During the consultation meetings, the AHs were informed about the project s perspectives, benefits, redressal procedure and livelihood restoration by the project staff. By living nearby the local people, the chiefs/vice chiefs of the project villages are considered as the core force in the process of the public consultations since they can grasp the aspirations of the AHs. They have been and are strongly supporting the project in carrying out the REMDP and asking and consoling the AHs to actively participate in the public consultations and support the Project. 41. Almost all the consultations, information disclosure and guidance on compensation policies, benefits and obligations of the households are concentrated in the households under REMDP Vol 2 Reservoir area since these households are falling under the category of severely affected households and most of them are involuntarily resettled. Therefore, the consultation activities will clarify the policies on the benefits of the affected households as being regulated in the Project s Policy Framework to reduce the risk of delays. This activity has great significance in assisting them to quickly stabilize their lives and restore their livelihoods. IV.2. Detailed Measurement Survey (DMS) and preparing the compensation plan 42. SB4 project were carried out mostly in the area of the communes of Tabhing and Zuoih (Nam Giang District, Quang Nam Province). Nam Giang RMIU coordinated with the SB4HPMB, TA staff from CHF, local authorities in the communes of Zuoih and Tabhing and the AHs to carry out the DMS of the assets/structures/crops to identify the actual status of the land and the losses in detail. To the reporting time, in regards of the 12 main civil works under REMDP Vol 3, the 2 Will be specilfied in Part IV.7.Livelihood and income restoration for the AHs VICA Consultants Ltd., Page 11

13 DMS and preparation of the compensation plans had been completed. For the DMS and compensation plan for REMDP Vol 2, in Vinh village (4 households of: Mr A Lang Dzung s, Mr Coor Denh s, Mr Coor Don, Mr A Rat Vit); for the items on the access roads to the resettlement sites and the resettlement sites in Zuoih, these are being proceeded by SB4HPMB and RMIU in coordination with CHF staff. The specific information is shown in the following Table: Table 2: List of the items under REMDP Vol 2 whose DMSs had been conducted. TT Items Starting date Completion date 1 Rearrangement of Road 14D 08/9/ / Reservoir 08/9/2009 5/ Pa Pang resettlement site 07/04/ /2010 Source: SB4HPMB, January Under other items of REMDP Vol 2, the DMS and inventory of the losses for each AH will be carried out by SB4HPMB combined with RMIU and CHF staff. These AHs are those who had been mentioned in the previous REMDPs. Figure 2 : Proceedings of the AH s DMSs in Pa Pang village, Zuoih commune. Source: SB4HPMB, January Inventory of the assets had been carried out by SB4HPMB's staff with the participation of the relevant stakeholders including: (i) The Consulting Unit in the Province (Quang Nam DONRE); (ii) members of Nam Giang RMIU; (iii) communal cadastral staff; iv) representatives of the investors; (v) representatives of the communal authorities; (vi) representatives of the involved villages, and (vii) AHs. 45. The inventory was carried out in the following steps: Step 1. SB4HPMB in coordination with Nam Giang RMIU to distribute the asset declaration sheets for the households and introduce the way to fill in the sheet by themselves. Step 2. RMIU staff along with SB4HPMB staff, communal and village staff and the AHs conducted the site inspection and verified the specific properties of each household and compare them with the declarations. Step 3. When the inventory was over, representative of the AH (head of the household in most of the case) signed and certified in the proceeding. (Annex 4) VICA Consultants Ltd., Page 12

14 46. The Tables to generalize the DMs results of the AHs were publicized in the village s communal houses. The complaints about the affections of land areas, structures, trees, crops and other property were checked and verified by the members of the Compensation Board. The proceedings of the additional detailed inventory of assets for AHs would be made after an agreement and certification and signature of the AH were reached. 47. The compensation and assistance plans were established based on the policy framework of the project (outlined in REMDP 3 ) which was approved by ADB and through the related Decisions of Provincial People's Committee of Quang Nam province. The losses and damages on trees, structures, assets would be compensated in cash, equal to the value of the affected assets. The households eligible for resettlement would be compensated by the land-for-land compensation scheme together with various assistances to restore the living standards. In addition, because the households were ethnic minority people, the compensation and assistance plans would be reviewed and adopted according to the policy framework of the project and the provisions of The Government of Vietnam. 48. Quang Nam PPC had stipulated and assigned the responsibilities to the Departments and Sectors to appraise the RMIU Nam Giang s plan. During the planning of the compensation options, and SB4HPMB and RMIU Nam Giang had coordinated with the District People's Committees to issue announcement and notice about the pricing and calculation of the compensation for the affected assets of the AHs. The compensation plan was completed and submitted for approval after obtaining the consent of the local people. 49. Because of the large affected area, inadequate RMIU s full-time staffing, the inventory time coinciding with the rainy season in the Central areas, the inventory time was prolonged. Consequently, the compensation schedule was affected which was more or less limited the progress in achieving the entire project s rate of progress. However, it was seen by the Consultants that the DMS and compensation scheme were made in a transparent manner, with which there was close cooperation with the consultation process to disclosure the information to the AHs. IV.3. Unit price and compensation pricing 50. Based on the inventory records, the volume of the affected assets had been agreed and signed by the AHs, SB4HPMB in collaboration with the RMIU Nam Giang conducted the compensation pricing and assistance entitling based on the provisions on compensation, assistance and resettlement issued by Quang Nam PPC which were documented in the previous independent monitoring reports undertaken by the Consultants 4. For those works which were planned in 2010, the pricing would be conducted based on the 2010 unit price issued by Quang Nam province in the year To the monitoring time, the DMS and the pricing for the AHS were carried out in Thon 2 Village of Zuoih commune in line with Quang Nam PPC s Decision 33/2010/QD-UBND dated 17/12/2010 on issuing land price and Decision No. 23/2010/QD-UBND dated 30/9/2010 on compensation and assistance (price of trees, crops, objects and supports are also stipulated in this Decision).The Decision of Quang Nam Provincial People Committee on the compensation prices of land, trees, crops, structures and other property at the time of completion of inventory was used as a basis for RMIU Nam Giang district to conduct this activity. Figure 3: Some pictures on the project s information disclosure. 3 Chapter 6, REMDP Vol 2, updated 4 See details in Part IV.3. Unit prices and compensation pricing, 3 rd Independent Monitoring Report, VICA, July 2010 VICA Consultants Ltd., Page 13

15 Source: SB4HPMB, January The compensation plan approved by Nam Giang DPC was shown through the form of detailed table to detailize the total value of compensation, assistance and resettlement in each of the project item, for each type of affected assets such as land, trees, crops, subsidies for each household. 52. For a period of not exceeding three days after the issuance of the compentent authority s decision, the detailed compensation plan would be sent to the CPC s offices and the communal houses for posting. A detailed calculation table for their affected assets, total compensation costs and assistance for each AHs was included in this plan. 53. Results of interviews and fact finding in the field of the Consultants showed that, in parallel with the publicizing the compensation plan, the local governments had also announced the details of timeline, place, methods and procedures for payment of compensation and assistance for the affected households. Inquiries and complaints of the AHs were resolved by SB4HPMB and Nam Giang RMIU before the payment took place. The implementation of the pricing, planning and assistance showed the transparency and openess manner of the implemntation progress. The form and content of this activity was carried out in a manner to meet the requirements set out. IV.4. Payment of compensation and assistance 54. SB4HPMB began the compensation, clearance since May At the time of monitoring, SB4HPMB fully paid the compensation and assistance for AHs in REMDP Vol.3. The AHs were entitled the compensation payments and subsidies in accordance with the Decision on the details compensation plan issued by the Quang Nam PPC which was issued inline with prescriptions in REMDP Vol To the monitoring time, only 25 AH out of the total 228 households under REMDP Vol 2 in Pa Pang village, Zuoih commune (the village in which Thon 2 village resetlle) received sufficient compensation and assistance. On the basis of the compensation plan which had been approved by Nam Giang DPC, the staff from the PMU, coordinating with Nam Giang RMIU and the local governments, conducted direct payments to the AHs. The AHs in Pa Pang village received the compensation payment on 22 December 2010 in at Zuoih CPC office. The payment of compensation and assistance was made in the withness of both husand and wife of the AHs. Also the confirmations of both spouses were provided in the proceedings. Figure 4: Some pictures on the compensation and assistances for the AHs in Pa Pang village, Zuoih commune. VICA Consultants Ltd., Page 14

16 Source: SB4HPMB, January For the resettled AHs by the reservoir component, the compensation and assistance would be applied in accordance with the policy framework of the project and regulations under REMDP. The assistances were applied according to the following table: Table 3: Synthesizing the assistances in the project, applicable for the AHs. No Assistance Items Beneficiaries Assistance mode 5 1 Healthcare assistance 2 Assistance for moving 3 Bonus for early moving 4 Assistance for moving communal house 5 Assistance for house warming ceremony 6 Support to ensure food security during the transitional period Assistance for the food security during the transitional period Households in Pa Pang Village and Village 2 Both male and female in all resettled villages Resettled households Project village Resettled households Resettled households Constructing/upgrading Health Station and improving healthcare services All resettled households, each households receiving an amount of 4,000,000 VND as the moving assistance amount All resettlers moving themselves are entitled to receive some amount of money as a bonus: + Within the district: 200,000VND/household + Outside of the district, within the province: 400,000VND/household + Outside of the province, within Central provinces: 800,000VND/household + Moving to the Northern and Southern provinces: 1,000,000VND/household In cash: 5,000,000VND/village In cash: 1,000,000VND/household In cash: (i) for foods: 300,000VND/month/person within 18 months after moving; (ii) nutrious foods equivalent 100,000VND/person/month in 6 months. 5 From EVN/SB4HPMB VICA Consultants Ltd., Page 15

17 No Assistance Items Beneficiaries Assistance mode 5 7 Subsidies for the vulnerable households The poorest, the female or elderly - headed households 8 Wages Resettled households (with/without family registers in the village) 9 Assistance for self-moving 10 Assistance for medical care during transitional period 11 Assistance for Education 12 Assistance for connecting to the electricity grid 13 Assistance for developing technical, production, occupation and business development skills Source: REMDP Vol 2, January Those who are qualified for moving in the resettlement sites but pulling off the option by moving elsewhere All resettled households (AHs) All resettled households (AHs) All resettled households (AHs) All resettled households (AHs) In cash: 150,000VND/person/month in 60 months Each labor (male or female alike) will receive rice and/or cash as payment for building the resettlement sites, building their own houses and the infrastructure in the sites and livelihood development schemes. The households will entitled to receive an amount equivalent the costs for dismantling, moving and rehousing. Other works will be paid in cash in the equivalent value of the cost norms for replaced materials and labours. The project will provide an amount of 100,000 VND per household as the medical allowance. The households with children are attending primary school will be supported with the textbooks for one year during 3 years free of charge In cash: 15,000VND/month/person in 3 months In cash: 1,000,000VND/household to develop the technical, production, occupation and business development skills 57. The Consultants learnt that the AHs in Pa Pang village, after receiving the compensation and assistance amounts, had deposited in the Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Branch in Nam Giang district. At the time of paying compensation, the officials of the bank had directly instruct the AHs to follow the deposition procedures. The results from the interviews showed that these households kept only about 16% of the total amount already paid to shop and solve the immediate problems of the family. The technical assistance staff from CHF had several consultations and adviced the households to use the amount in a proper and effective manner. The money should be used to stabilize their own lives and restore the livelihoods Among the 25 AHs in Pa Pang village, 02 AHs should resettle (Mr A Rat Vien s and Mr A Rat Vep s) are entitled to fully receive all the assistances in accordance with the Project s Framework, The remaining 23 households are partly affected in terms of production and cultivation land areas without any impact on residential areas, therefore, the Project provided them the assistance amount equivalent to 50% of the calculated amount for rehousing subject to the consensus among the stakeholders. 7 6 See the details in the Assistance Consultation Sheet developed by CHF for the AHs in Pa Pang village 7 50% of the amount calculated was used to assist for rehousing in accordance with the Project s Framework. VICA Consultants Ltd., Page 16

18 59. Through interviewing, the Consultants realized that in the period from being informed about the project until being compensated, the AHs in Pa Pang village were provided the following documents by the SB4HPMB s staff: (i) Results of the land measurements in Pa Pang village; (ii) Compensation and assistance for resettlement plan; (iii) The accompanied sheet of the Decision 23/2010/QDUBND issued on 30 September 2010 by Quang Nam PPC on unit prices for compensation of the house and structure and other assets; (iv) Proceedings of the inventory and calculation of the compensated items; (v) Documents on the compensation policies and mechanizms for resettlers who resided in the reservoir area and the villages receiving Pa Pang village s resettlers (Chapter 6 in REMDP-Vol 2); (vi) Proceedings on receiption of compensation and assistance amounts; and (vii) Plan on utilizing the compensation and livelihood assistance amounts. 60. The accomplishments in regards of the payments for AHs by SB4HPMB are undeniable. However, there were some arising problems which significantly hamper the Project s rate of progress most clearly is the reencroachment into the compensated land area to build new houses and plan perenial trees to claim compensation after the project had completed the ground clearance of a number of households in the communes of Zuoih and Tabhing. SB4HPMB, in collaboration with local governments, had tried to persuade them to change their behaviors but so far, they have not achieved results as expected. IV.5. Site Clearance 61. According to the Project s workplan, Site clearance would be taken place right after the AHs receiving all compensation. SB4 s site clearance activities started since May This was carried out in compliance with the procedures set forth in REMDP. Upon paying the amounts, proceedings were prepared with each of the AH which included the confirmations of the AHs and the SB4HPMB, including the followings: (i) no-reencroaching in the handed-over site under any curcumstances; (ii) no hampering the construction activities of the constructors in the handedover site; (iii) bonus will be entitled upon early-handing over of the site. Figure 5: Some pictures of the access roads to Pa Pang and Pa Rum B resettlement sites 62. All the land items under the Project mentioned in REMDP Vol 3 were cleared and mostly handed over to the contractors by the SB4HPMB and local staff after completing all the compensation. This procedure was also applied similarly to the items under REMDP Vol 2. Table 4: Rate of the site clearance in the Project s items: No Items Progress 1 Access road to Parum B and Pa Rum A resettlement sites Completed 2 Access road to Pa Pang resettlement site Completed VICA Consultants Ltd., Page 17

19 No Items Progress 3 Access road to Padhi resettlement site Measurement and field inventory conducted 4 Pa Pang resettlement site Completed 5 Resettlement site of Thon 2 village 6 Reconstruction of 14D highway Completed Measurement and land status identification conducted 7 Reservoir Reaffirming the land status Source: SB4HPMB, tháng 1/ The Consultants see that, the progress of site clearance of the project was in line with the EVN s plan. PMU hardly had any difficulty in implementing this activity from the AHs since an agreement had been reached with the households. According to the revised plan on the construction of the resettlement sites under SB4HPMB, starting from quarter I/2011, SB4HPMB will actively coordinate with RMIU of Nam Giang district to complete the determination of land status and DMS for the AHs residing in the reservoir area. 64. Meanwhile, the recovery of forest products within the sites could not be completed on schedule due to prolonged duration, and coincide with the rainy season in the central area which made the progress of this activity is delayed than expected. This was also a major cause which slowed down the progress in completing the overall project activities. IV.6. Construction of the resettlement sites 65. The project was expected to construct the administrative buildings of Zuoih commune in Cong Don and Thon 4 villages and the four resettleement sites in the premise of the commune, they are: Pa Dhi site with 63 households; Parum A site with 44 households; Parum B site with 64 households; Pa Pang site with 53 households. 66. In the resettlement sites, the expexted area of arable land to be allocated to the AHs who should resettle include: (i) 400m 2 of residential area; (ii) 600m 2 garden; (iii) regarding agricultural productioin land: 1.5 ha of terrain cultivation land and about 8-10ha of agro-forestry land (forest land allocated for the village community for management). Besides, it was estimated that the rice cultivation land area in the village will be reclaimed with a total of about 24 ha, of which, Pa Pang village has about 12ha, in Pa Rum A village of about 4ha and about 7 hectares in Thon 2 village. 67. Plans for resettlement site development have been built on the basis of the committement reached with the AHs shown in the REMDP Vol 1 and Vol 2. This is the legal basis for the SB4HPMB to comply and undertake. 68. The situation of the construction of resettlement sites can be summarized as follows: PaPang resettlement site : The compensation payment for the AHs had been complete in December The demarcation in the field in Pa Pang resettlement site had completed with the participation of the AHs, SB4HPMB and JFPR Consultants. To the monitoring time, SB4HPMB had completed the construction design and approval of civil work package for Pa Pang resettlement site. The construction of the resettlement site is expected to start in March VICA Consultants Ltd., Page 18

20 ParumA, ParumB and PaDhi resettlement sites: demarcation in the field had been completed with the participation of the local people, SB4HPMB's staff, JFPR Consultant (CHF). In Thon 2 village, measuring and determination of land status had been conducted by SB4HPMB in association with CHF staff, the DSM for the AHs has been carrying out. 69. To the monitoring time, the plan for the allocation of community forest land in the resettlement sites had been approved by Nam Giang District People's Committee in early September 2010 and endorsed and approved by ADB s experts in REMDP Vol 2. At the present, the demarcation in the field to allocate for the community in the resettlement sites was being undertaken. 70. According to the SB4HPMB s confirmation, the construction progress of the resettlement sites will be implemented in line with the progress that SB4HPMB had agreed with the ADB mission which took place between 29 November and 13 December 2010 through an adjustment plan. the Plan to adjust the construction progress of the resettlement sites is shown in the Table 5: Table 5: Revised plan on constructing the resettlement sites as being agreed among the relevant stakeholders Items 1. Pa Pang resettlement site - Proceed the compensation and assistance schemes: for the plan on construction of residential site, public works, production land etc for Pa Pang village Starting day Timeline Completion day 15/12/ /12/ Debombing for the overall areas 4/9/ /10/ Tendering and awarding the construction packages 15/12/ /2/ Deploying the construction items 1/3/ /9/11 - Temporary road to the resettlement site from Pa Pang village to the reservoir 1/3/2011 1/4/ Rehousing by the local people, building Guol (community house) 1/4/ /9/ Resettling the local peole to the resettlement site, including dismantling and moving - Allocating agricultural land areas 30/9/ /10/ Cultivation land, agro-forestry land 1/01/ /2/2011 Development of wet rice 1/3/ /9/ Wet rice cultivation land 1/3/ /9/ Grazing land 1/1/ /2/2011 +Issuing land use certificates 1/3/ /5/ Inventory, compensating the damages in Village 2 15/12/ /4/ PaDhi resettlement site -Proceeding the compensation and assistance for the site clearance scheme: for the plan on construction of residential site, public works, production land etc 1/3/ /5/ Debombing for the overall areas 15/11/ /12/ Tendering and awarding the construction packages 15/12/ /5/2011 VICA Consultants Ltd., Page 19

21 Items Starting day Timeline Completion day - Deploying the construction items 1/6/ /6/ Rehousing by the local people 1/7/ /12/ Resettling the local peole to the resettlement site, including dismantling and moving - Allocating agricultural land areas 1/7/ /9/ Agro-forestry land 1/7/ /8/ Cultivation land, garden 1/7/ /8/ Issuing land use certificates 31/12/ Inventory, compensating the damages in Padhi Village 1/3/ /12/ ParumA resettlement site -Proceeding the compensation and assistance for the site clearance scheme: for the plan on construction of residential site, public works, production land etc 1/3/ /5/ Debombing for the overall areas 15/11/ /12/ Tendering and awarding the construction packages 15/12/ /5/ Deploying the construction items 1/6/ /6/ Rehousing by the local people 1/7/ /12/ Resettling the local peole to the resettlement site, including dismantling and moving - Allocating agricultural land areas 1/7/ /9/ Agro-forestry land 1/7/ /8/ Cultivation land, garden 1/7/ /8/ Wet rice land area (including reclaimation) 30/6/ Issuing land use certificates 31/12/ Inventory, compensating the damages in Pa rum A Village 1/3/ /12/ ParumB resettlement site - Proceeding the compensation and assistance for the site clearance scheme: for the plan on construction of residential site, public works, production land etc 1/3/ /5/ Debombing for the overall areas 15/11/ /12/ Tendering and awarding the construction packages 15/12/ /5/ Deploying the construction items 1/6/ /6/ Rehousing by the local people 1/7/ /12/ Resettling the local peole to the resettlement site, including dismantling and moving - Allocating agricultural land areas 1/7/ /9/ Agro-forestry land 1/7/ /8/ Cultivation land, garden 1/7/ /8/ Issuing land use certificates 31/12/ Cultivation land 31/8/ /6/2012 VICA Consultants Ltd., Page 20

22 Items Starting day Timeline Completion day - Inventory, compensating the damages in Pa rum B Village 1/3/ /12/2011 Source: SB4HPMB, tháng 1/ The project s rate of progress will be delayed for about 8 months as compared with the approved plan. The main reason is due to: (i) the increase in the unit prices of the inputs, specifically the rate of compensation and assistance for the AHs as compare to the orriginal rate; (ii) the prolongs of the approval procedures; (iii) the lateness in exploiting forest products and (iv) time-consuming in updating and completing the procedures on resettlement compensation before being approved by ADB. IV.7. Income restoration and livelihood development for AHs IV.7.1. General principles of livelihood restoration General principles: At the monitoring time, all AHs have been compensated with total replaced costs for their affected assets, income and business. They are also supported with equivalent rehabilitation measures in order to help them improve or at least maintain their living as well as income and production possibility which are similar to that before project implementation. 73. Objectives: In reality, the livelihood restoration will be assessed based on the objectives which are at least the same as those before relocation. Moreover, the living conditions of households living under poverty line will be improved by Assessment indicators: The assessment of livelihood restoration efficiency is based on following livelihood indicators: (i) cash/non-cash income from various sources such as land, forest, aquaculture production, etc; (ii) produced/collected food and materials used for consumption/exchange (reference income); (iii) real estate shares; (iv) personal assets; (v) level of service development and (vi) level of education and healthcare. 75. General principles for compensation and assistance for livelihood and affected asset restoration (grant of ADB (JFPR) in Resettlement and Reservoir area development Plan) are as follows: All the affected/damaged livelihood conditions will be restored and replaced at least equivalently to those before the project implementation. In case, the original livelihood can not be restored, it shall be replaced by the other one, or integrated into other livelihood improvement activities. In case the current household s income is below poverty line, they will receive incomeincreasing assistance in cash/non-cash. Both AHs women and men are entitled to participate in the livelihood assistance and development program. The objectives of this program are to ensure that resettled households (RHs) are capable to acquire sufficient food and stable income through taking part in activities consistent with their capacity based on existing resources in the resettlement site (RS) and livelihood development model they are conducting. 8 Source: Updated REMDP Vol 2 VICA Consultants Ltd., Page 21

23 Relocated households will be supported to adapt to their new living environment. At least, displaced people should be provided with livelihood methods based on resources of land, forestry and water in the RS. It is ensured that both resettled women and men will be provided with technique training. Also, the extension team who are trained on livelihood development and education will help them to improve their livelihood or change into the new agricultural livelihood model (regarding agro-forestry). Extension assistance services for AHs wil be operated in order to enhance the output quality of agricultural products as well as livestock raising management. All input resources will be re-assessed so as to ensure the consistence and sustainability, including input resource utilization timing. Affected hamlets by the reservoir component (including Pa Rum A. Pa Rum B, Pa Dhi, hamlet 2, 4 households in Vinh hamlet, Tabhing commune) will be entitled to compensation, resettlement policy and grant by JFPR. Additionally, Pa Dang hamlet (the RS for Hamlet 2) will be also entitled to activities funded by JFPR grant. IV.7.2. Stakeholders participation in livelihood restoration for AHs 76. Stakeholders participate in livelihood restoration for AHs include: Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project Management Board (SB4HPMB) Livelihood management board of SB4HP in Quang Nam province. Livelihood management board of SB4HP in Nam Giang district. 77. In order to support for implementation of livelihood restoration activities for AHs under SB4HP, ADB provided a grant of $US 2 millions (JFPR) for Quang Nam PPC. After that, livelihood management boards of SB4HP of Quang Nam province and Nam Giang distict were established in accordance with Decision No.270/QD-UBND dated 19 th March 2009 by Nam Giang DPC with a view to well supporting and implementing livelihood restoration projects and engaging the communal compensation and resettlement board (CRB) in resettlement activities, and implementing the livelihood projects in line with ADB s safety policy, as well as using the grant in an effective manner. CHF: Its operations are funded by JFPR. Quang Nam PPC signed a contract with CHF (known as a Canadian non-profit organization working in poverty reduction sector) in order to implement activities of livelihood improvement and restoration, community development for AHs under the project. Its duties are to provide AHs with consulting services on community development, rehabilitation and improvement of livelihood, healthcare services and education.people s committees of project communes with AHs by project is the state authority at communal level. They are responsible for coordinating with stakeholders to implement and supervise livelihood activities and their results. AHs under SB4HP in Tabhing and Zuoih communes (including more than 500 households) are both the subjectives and one of stakeholders in the project. Communal People s Committees in the project communes: being the state agency at grassroots level, they manage the areas where reside the households who are affected by the project. Their responsibility is to coordinate with the stakeholders in the implementation of the livelihood activities and effectively monitoring of such activities. VICA Consultants Ltd., Page 22

24 The AHs in the project in the two communes of Tabhing and Zuoih (more than 500 households), was the subject of the project, also, they are among the project s stakeholders. IV.7.3. Findings in the fourth monitoring 78. Local people s livelihood characteristics before the project implementation are as followed: Major livelihood of peole in the affected communes relates agro-forestry activities. Non-agricultural activities are mainly collecting and taking non-timber forestry products such as honey, wood, and bamboo sprout, etc. Agro-forestry production is totally self-sufficient. The cropping and livestock patterns are not diversified. Major forestry trees are varieties of acacia. Agricultural crops are mainly short-term ones such as wet rice (insignificant percentage), dry rice, or dry short-term crops such as cassava, maize, beans and low-value/quality food crops. Domestic animals are mainly cows, pigs, and chickens (local varieties), Farming and production mainly depends on rainwater. Agro-forestry production (including crop production, husbandary and afforestation) is characterized with monocropping. 79. AHs social awareness, production level and fund use under the project Most of local people in the project sites rely much on external supports, especially those from compensation and assistance payment from the project. Unconfidence in community activities is prevailing among a majority of local people, especially middle-aged/old-aged people and women. Local people s production level is still limited, which is expicitly showned through the fact that they are not used to applying fertilizer to the crops, the cattle is left wandered, they themselves do not acquire enough skills and knowledge of identifying animal and poultry diseases as well as pest and crop diseases. A majority of local people lack skills/knowledge of managing fund as well as domestic expenditure and calculating economic efficiency of livelihood activities. 80. Factors having impacts on local people s livelihood Positive impacts Social factors : o Strong community spirit of Co Tu ethnic group makes positive influences on maintaining community activities as well as mutual assistance in their daily life. Local people are always willing to share all their livelihood-related means of production such as their upland, crop varieties and animal breedings together without requests for exchange or purchase. This helps poor households in localities maintain their life. o Regular communication with Kinh people who acquire quite good production level (in case of Vinh hamlet, Tabhing commune) gradually helps local peole alter and enhance their awareness and skills/knowledge of production and diversify livelihood activities. VICA Consultants Ltd., Page 23

25 Policy-related factors: GoV s policies make favorable conditions for local people to improve their livelihood gradually (i.e. Program 134, 135, 30A and 167, etc.) through the establishment of infrastructure, grassroots extension and pro-poor extension. Natural factors: Large area of forestry land enables local people to develop afforestation, contributing to their increased income. Negative impacts Socio-economic factors: o Reserved manner: Ethnic minority groups in general and Co Tu group in particular are characterized by their reserved manner. They rarely communicate with the external environment. This prevents them much from exchanging/ sharing their knowledge/skills of production and economic management at scale of farmer households, and improving their own income. o Jealousy Many Co Tu people do not want their compatriots to become rich thanks to diversification of livelihood activities. Therefore, most of them do not want to invest their supported funds in non-agricultural livelihood activities such as small business, repair services of motorbike or household commodities, as well as agricultural product development including cow and sow raising because it s difficult for these products to be consumed in the market. The local people would rather buy goods at stores of Kinh people than at those of Co Tu group. o A lot of local people, especially women, are not good at understanding Kinh language, moreover, provincial and district extension workers are unable to communicate in Co Tu language. As a result, local people s knowledge is unlikely to be improved without the application of appropriate training methods. o Most of them lack skills/knowledge of production and market approach as well as diversification of livelihood activities. o Poor infrastructure and production services are great obstacles for diversifying livelihood as well as increasing local people s income. o Project of agricultural land use planning for affected communes is under-qualified. Consequently, this planning project is not really feasible and has insignificantly positive impacts on development orientation of agroforestry related livelihood activities of local people. Policy-related factors: It cannot be denied that policy/project prioritized development for the mountainous and ethnic minority areas of GoV has made some positive impacts. Due to great but partly subsidized support from these programs/projects with little contribution of local people, beneficiaries rely more on these supports. Natural factors: o Regarding geographical features: Because AHs mostly live in the remote areas, they have low (or even no) opportunities for market access. As a result, their income from livelihood activities is not sufficient for their investment in livelihood restoration.. o Due to steep slope and severe erodibility of the land as well as improper concern for land restoration and conservation, production value is really low. Consequently, efficiency of agroforestry production as well as income generating is also low. VICA Consultants Ltd., Page 24

26 IV.7.4. Livelihood restoration and improvement activities for local people 81. On-going activities (updated in table 6). 82. Activities related to livelihood restoration and improvement had been implemented for AHs in Zuoih and Ta Bhinh communes, including capacity enhancement activities for grassroots staff through training classed as well as for local people through implementation of extension models. The content of training classes and models were basically consistent with the natural characteristics as well as the local people s educational level. Box 1: Opinions of AHs in Pa Dang hamlet I received my compensation on 22 nd December Then we were guided in using compensation with specific time and amount of money for specific activity by Mr. Diep (CHF s community development staff). My wife and I agreed on the way of using compensation because the plan of compensation use was very clear, (Mr. A Viet Duoc the AH in Pa Dang - Zuoih commune Nam Giang district Quang Nam) Source: In-depth interview of IMC, January, 2011 Picture 6: Some pictures of livelihood restoration and assistance for AHs in using compensation Source: VICA IMC and CHF, 1/2011. VICA Consultants Ltd., Page 25