US History Concept Outline Terms and Phrases

Transcription

1 US History Concept Outline Terms and Phrases Period 6: Government subsidies for transportation and communications systems open new markets, business technological innovations, redesigned financial and management structures, growing labor force increases production of goods, price of many goods decrease and workers real waged increase, gap between rich and poor grows, business leaders form large trusts and holding companies, look for foreign markets for profit, laissez-faire policies, growing workforce through internal and international migration, child labor increased, New South, improvements in mechanization, farmers created local and regional cooperative organizations, People s (Populist) Party, immigration from southern and eastern Europe, migration of African Americans, Urban neighborhoods based on ethnicities and classes, Americanization of immigrants, political machines thrived in the urban atmospheres, growth of distinctive middle class and leisure time created a consumer culture, transcontinental railroad promoting economic growth, migrants move to boomtown areas of the West, American bison population was decimated by migrant populations, Westward expansion led to conflicts between American Indians-Mexican Americans-white settlers, US government violated treaties with American Indians with military force leading to denying tribal sovereignty, Social Darwinism, Gospel of Wealth, Social Gospel Movement-utopians-socialists championed alternative visions for the economy and US society, tariffs and currency issues continued to plague reformers, Jane Addams worked in settlement to pursue greater equality with men, Plessy v. Ferguson, African American reformers continued to fight for political and social equality. Period 7: New technologies and manufacturing techniques helped the US economy produce more consumer goods, 1920 a majority of US population lived in urban centers (helps to lead to new opportunities for women-international migrants and internal migrants), Great Depression leads to a call for stronger financial regulatory system, Progressive Era journalists attack (political corruption, social injustice, and economic inequality), Progressive sought federal legislation to (regulate the economy, generate moral reform and amendments to the Constitution), preservationists and conservationists supported the national parks while advocating different government responses to overuse of national resources, some Progressives supported Southern segregation, some Progressives advocated expanding popular participation in government, Progressives disagreed about immigration restrictions, WWI sparked nativist campaigns and increased barriers to Asian immigration, WWI and WWII increased demand for labor, Great Migration of African Americans caused by WWI, New forms of mass media (radio and cinema led to national culture), Migration gave rise to new forms of art and Harlem Renaissance movement, Official restriction on freedom of speech grew during WWI leading to first Red Scare, Americans debated (gender roles, modernism, science, religion, and issues related to race and immigration), Migration from Mexico increased, 1890s saw the frontier close and lead to imperialism, Anti-imperialists cited principles of self-determination, Spanish-American War leads to acquisition of island territories in Caribbean and the Pacific and suppression of nationalist movement in the Philippines, Woodrow Wilson s call for the defense of humanitarian and democratic principles during WWI, Expeditionary Forces, US Senate bat-

2 tle over the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations, following WWI US pursued a unilateral foreign policy of (international investment, peace treaties, select military intervention and US isolationism), Franklin Roosevelt s New Deal attempted to end the Great Depression through relief-recovery-reform, Radicals Unions and populists tried to push Roosevelt extensive change in the American economic system, conservatives in Congress and the Supreme Court sought to limit the New Deal s scope, New Deal did not end the Depression but lead to a long-term political realignment in many ethnic groups such as African Americans and working class communities identifying with the Democratic Party, Americans were opposed to rise of fascism and totalitarianism but opposed military, attack on Pearl Harbor and US entry into WWII, Japanese wartime atrocities and Nazi concentration camps and the Holocaust, mass mobilization of American society helped end the Great Depression, women and minorities improved their socioeconomic positions during the war, Japanese American internment, island hopping, D-Day invasion, scientific advances, use of atomic weapons, US emerges as most powerful nation on earth because of war-ravaged conditions in Asia and Europe, Period 8: Postwar tensions between Western democracies and Soviet Union, US foreign policy based on (collective security, international aid, and economic institutions that help non-communist nations), Korean and Vietnam wars try to contain Communism, Cold War cause periods of mutual coexistence (of détente), postwar decolonization of (Asia, Africa and Middle East) leads to new allies and nations, Cold War competition extended to Latin America, Americans debate policies designed to expose suspected communists within the US, Vietnam War inspired sizable and passionate antiwar protests, American debate merits of (large nuclear arsenal, military complex, and appropriate power of the executive branch in conducting foreign and military policy), US involvement in Middle East with several oil crises and talk of national energy policy, post-wwii civil rights activists, most notably Martin Luther King Jr., combatted racial and discrimination with direct action and nonviolent protests, Brown v Board of Education, Civil Rights Act of 1964 helps to promote greater racial equality, resistance slowed efforts at desegregation, 1965 sees civil rights activists debate efficacy of nonviolence movement, Feminist and gay and lesbian activist mobilize, Latino-American Indian-Asian American movements demand social and economic equality, Americans start to raise questions over prevalence and persistence of poverty, environmental problems and accidents led to growing environmental movement, growth of liberalism (anticommunism abroad and a firm belief in the efficacy of government power at home), Lyndon Johnson s Great Society, series of Supreme Court decision expanded civil rights and individual liberties, conservatives challenge liberal laws and court decisions, groups on the Left wanted more transformation of racial and economic status quo at home, Public confidence in government declined in the 1970s in the wake of (economic challenges, political scandals, and foreign policy crises), 1970s sees growing clashes between conservatives and liberals over social and cultural issues, economic growth spurred by (burgeoning private sector, federal spending, the baby boom, and technological developments), growth in higher education and middle class, growth in the Sun Belt region causes a significant political and economic force, Immigration restrictions will be eliminated especially after the immigration laws in 1965, Mass culture became increasingly homogeneous in post-wwii years which inspired challenges to conformity, feminists and young people participated in the counterculture of the 1960s, raid and substantial growth of evangelical Christian churches lead to a conservative upsurge.

3 Period 9: 1980 Present Ronald Reagan 1980 presidential victory brought (conservatism, significant tax cuts and continued deregulation of many industries), conservatives and liberals argue efficacy of social programs of New Deal and Great Society, debates over free-trade agreements, improvements in digital communications and worldwide economic opportunities, technological innovations in computing, employment increased in service sectors, union membership declined, real wages stagnated for working and middle class, after 1980 American South and West continued to increase their populations, international migration from Latin American increased dramatically, intense political and cultural debates continued over (immigration policy, diversity, gender roles and family structures), Reagan asserted US opposition to communism, Cold War ended because of (increased US military spending, Reagan s diplomatic initiatives, political changes and economic problems in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union), end of Cold War led to new diplomatic relationships and US military and peacekeeping interventions, September 11 th attacks on World Trade Center and Pentagon leads to military efforts in Afghanistan and Iraq, war on terrorism raised questions about protection of civil liberties and human rights, Conflicts in the Middle East and concerns about climate change lead to debates over US dependence on fossil fuels, US continues as the world s leading superpower in the 21 st century, A short list of AP US History Vocabulary The list below is NOT a comprehensive list of APUSH vocabulary, but one that is suggested for success on the AP US History exam. 12 th 19 th Amendment 21 st Amendment 22 nd Amendment 24 th Amendment 26 th Amendment 3/5 Compromise Abolitionists Adams, Abigail Adams, John Addams, Jane Allen, Richard American bison American Expeditionary Force American Federation of Labor American Indians American Indian Removal Act American Protective Association American Revolution American System

4 Annexing Texas Anthracite coal mining Anti-federalists Asian Americans Articles of Confederation Atlantic Charter Atomic Bomb Audubon, John Axis Powers Bakke vs. University of California Baldwin Locomotive Works Battle of Fallen Timbers Beat Movement Beaver Wars Bellamy, Edward Bill of Rights Black Panthers Boomtown areas of West Braceros program Brown vs. Board of Education Bruce, Blanche Common Sense (Thomas Paine) Canals Calhoun, John C. Carson, Rachel Caste system Chief Joseph Child, Lydia M. China, trade with Chinese Exclusion Act Chinook Civil Rights Movement Civil Rights Act of 1964 Clay, Henry Clayton Anti-Trust Act Clean Air Act Climate Change Clipper Ships Closing of the frontier Cold War Colored Farmer s Alliance Columbian Exchange: horses, cows, sugar, silver, smallpox, corn, potatoes

5 Committees of correspondence Compromise of 1850 Conspicuous consumption Containment Constitution (US) Contract with America Corridors Cult of domesticity D-Day invasion Dawes Act Declaration of Independence, the Decolonization Deficits, budget De Las Casas, Bartolome Democratic Party Democratic-Republican Party Department of Interior Détente (mutual coexistence) Dollar Diplomacy Dominion of New England Don t Ask, Don t Tell Dred Scott decision Dutch colonial efforts Election of 1860 Emancipation Proclamation Encomienda system Enlightenment Evangelical Christian churches Federalism Federalists Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Federal Reserve Bank Federal Writers Project Feminine Mystique Finney, Charles First Great Awakening Focus on the Family 1980 s Fossil Fuels Franklin, Benjamin French Revolution Freedom of speech Free Soil Party

6 Free trade agreements French and Indian War Gay and Lesbian Movement George, Henry Gettysburg Address Gibbons v. Ogden Gilded Age Ghost Dance Movement Gold Rush Gorbachev, Mikhail Gospel of Wealth Gradual emancipation, Pennsylvania Grange Great Society Great Awakening Great Migration Griswold vs. Connecticut Hamer, Fannie Lou Hamilton, Alexander (Federalist Papers and Federalist Party) Hamilton s Financial Plan Harlem Renaissance Hartford Convention Health Care Reform debate 1990 s Holding companies Holocaust Homestead Act Hopper, Edward Hudson River School Huron Confederation, dispersal of Hydrogen Bomb Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 Imperialist (anti-imperialists) Indian Removal Act Inflation 1970 s Interchangeable parts Internet Internment of Japanese Interstate Commerce Act Intolerable Acts Iranian Hostage crisis Iroquois Confederation Island Hopping

7 Jackson, Andrew Jays Treaty Jazz Japanese Internment Japanese wartime atrocities Jefferson, Thomas (Declaration of Independence and Democratic-Republican Party) Johnson, Lyndon Joint-stock company Jones, Mother Kansas-Nebraska Act Kelley, Florence Kentucky and Virginia Resolves King Phillips war Knights of Labor Know-Nothings Korean War Laissez-faire Land grant colleges Las Gorras Blancas Latinos League of Nations Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer Lewis, John L. Lincoln, Abraham Little Big Horn Little Turtle and the Western Confederacy Locke, John Long, Huey Lowell system Louisiana Purchase Loyalist Madison, James (Federalist Papers, Bill of Rights and Democratic-Republican party) Manhattan Project March to the Sea, (Sherman) Market Revolution Mariano Vallejo Maroon communities Marshall, Thurgood Maryland Act of Toleration Massive Retaliation McCulloch vs. Maryland Mechanical reaper

8 Medicare Medicaid Mercantilism Mestizo Metacom s War (King Philip s War) Metis Mexican-American War Mexican Intervention Military-industrial complex Minstrel shows Missouri Compromise Mission settlements (missionaries) Miranda vs. Arizona Mission system, Spanish Molasses Act Monroe Doctrine Moral Majority Moreno, Luisa Morgan, J.P Mormons Mulatto Mutual coexistence National Bank National Parks National Recovery Administration Navigation Acts NAWSA National Woman Suffrage Association Neutrality Acts New Deal New immigrants vs. native-born North American Free Trade Agreement Northwest Ordinance Northwest Territory Nuclear arsenal Nullification Nullification crisis Oregon Border dispute Paine, Thomas Parochial schools Patriot movement Paxton Boys Perry, Commodore Mathew

9 Pontiac s Rebellion Praying towns Proclamation of 1763 Proclamation of Neutrality Pueblo Oil crises Oil Embargo Onate, Juan de OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) Patriot Pearl Harbor Pennsylvania, founding of People s Party (Populists) Pilgrams Pinckney s treaty Planned Parenthood vs. Casey Plessy vs. Ferguson Portuguese Explorers Positive Good Theory Postwar optimism Praying towns Proclamation of 1763 Proclamation of Neutrality Property qualifications to vote Progressive journalists Progressive reformers Pueblo revolt Puritans Reagan, Ronald Referendum Religious fundamentalism Railroad building Republicanism Red Scare Republican Party Republican motherhood Revels, Hiram Rock and roll Rockefeller, John D. Romanticism movement Roosevelt, Franklin Rousseau, Jean

10 Sand Creek Massacre Scots-Irish SDI (Star Wars Defense Initiative) Sharecropping Shays Rebellion Schlafly. Phyllis Secession Second Great Awakening Segregation Seminole Wars Seneca Falls Convention Separation of powers September 11, 2001 attacks (Afghanistan and Iraq) Sepulveda, Juan de Settlement houses Seven Years War (French and Indian War) sextant Sharecropping Shays Rebellion Sierra Club Slater, Samuel Slave Trade compromise Smallpox Smalls, Robert Smith, Adam Social Darwinism Social Gospel Socialism Social Security Act Sons of Liberty Space race Spanish-American War Spanish caste system Stanton, Elizabeth C. States rights Stamp Act Start I Stimson Doctrine Steel plow Steinem, Gloria Students for a Democratic Society Subsidies

11 Suffrage movement for women Suez Crisis Sun Belt region Tax cuts, Reagan and Bush telegraphs Temperance Movement Tennessee Valley Authority The Affluent Society Thirteenth Amendment Transcontinental railroad Triangular Trade : furs, tobacco, Carolinas-rice, Barbados - sugar Urban middle class Utopian societies US Fish Commission vaqueros Vietnam War Walker, David Wampanoag War Hawks Warren, Mercy Otis Wars: Afghanistan, Iraq, Korea, Vietnam, Mexican-American, Spanish-American, World War I, World War II, Civil War, American Revolution, against the Indians, on Terror, Washington, Booker T. Washington, George Washington s Farewell Address Watergate Washington naval Conference Webster-Ashburton Treaty Wells, Ida B. Whigs Wilson, Woodrow Women s rights movement Women s Christian Temperance Union World Trade Center World War I World War II Wool Act Worcester vs. Georgia Xenophobia Yiddish Theater Zambo Afghanistan and Iraq,

12 Native American history present: tribes, battles and issues in Illustrative examples: Algonquin Catawba Nation Chickasaw Wars Chief Joseph Chinook Dawes Act Ghost Dance Movement Huron Confederation, dispersal of Indian Removal Act Seminole Wars Iroquois Confederation Little Turtle and the Western Confederacy Pontiac s Rebellion Praying towns Wampanoag King Phillips war Pueblo Revolt Sand Creek Massacre Little Big Horn Inventions: Radio Motion pictures Automobiles Mechanical reaper Sonar Steel plow Telegraph Geography: terms and places Great Basin, Atlantic World western Great Plains, Atlantic Seaboard Middle East Sun Belt West (depends upon the period of time under study) Trans-Appalachian West Western Hemisphere Northeast Mid-west

13 Northwest Territory West Indies The Pacific Caribbean Latin America Philippines France Haiti Interior regions the middle part of contemporary United States (i.e. Great Lakes Region Frontier vs. Tidewater Va. Other conceptual terms present groups, eras, trends African Americans African chattel American Indians Anglicization Antebellum reform Asian Americans Atlantic slave trade Autonomous political communities Autonomy Baby boom Big government - British colonies British empire Capitalism Civil liberties Civil rights movement Civil War Class Cold War Colonial independence movement Colonization Columbian Exchange communism conservation conservatism Confederacy Confederate States of America Communications revolution increasing rapidness of communication in antebellum period. Telegraph, clipper ships and mail constitutions

14 corporate growth counterculture culture cultural blending democratic ideas demographic changes Depression, Great Desegregation economies economics encomienda system Enlightenment European expansion (global perspective) Evangelical religious fervor Evangelical Christian Churches modern fundamentalist churches that rejected the liberalism of post-world War II generation. Expansion, expansion Exploration and conquest of America Federalism (make sure to define states rights) foreign policy free-labor manufacturing economy fundamentalism, religion gender Gilded Age Globalization, economic Great Awakening, First Great Awakening, Second Great Depression Great Migration Great Society Harlem Renaissance Hereditary privilege Hispanics Imperialism (imperial system) Independence movements (British colonies, emergence of democratic ideals) International migrants International security system system of collective security amongst western nations against communist aggression Internal migrants Latinos liberalism Limited welfare state

15 Industrialization Intermarriage international affairs labor systems labor unions liberalism Manifest Destiny Markets Mercantilist economic aims (mercantilism) Migration Middle-class suburbanization Mexican-Americans Native American Nativism Neutral trading rights Participatory democracy Personal liberty Political machines Political parties populist movements grassroots movements that middle class and laborers support (not just the Populist movement or Agrarian revolt of the 1890 s) presentism progressive reformers racial stereotyping racial gradations ratification Reconstruction Red Scare Regional economic specialization Antebellum growth of divergence in economies between Northeast, South and West republican self-government Shared labor market sharing of labor between eastern and western hemispheres during colonial period. Secession Sectionalism Self-government Segregation Slavery Social Darwinism Social Gospel Social justice Social safety net Trans-Atlantic print culture

16 Women s Rights Movement