Causes of the Revolutionary War and the Structure of US Government Mitchell Kennedy

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1 Causes of the Revolutionary War and the Structure of US Government Mitchell Kennedy The first section is about the founding fathers and how they developed a constitutional democracy from conflict with England. It goes into detail about the causes of the Revolutionary War. She talks about the Articles of Confederation and key men in the Revolutionary War and the creating of America. Also, it talks about how the Enlightenment period affected the writing of the US Constitution and the Bill of Rights. Classical theories and documents like the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights. The Declaration of Independence is defined and explained in dept In the second section the Federalist and Antifederalist are discussed. Key Federalist and Antifederalist like Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison are talked about how they were important to their party. It talks about the beliefs of the Federalist and Antifederalist and how they created the Constitution. Key terms of American freedom like rule of law, limited government, consent of the governed and equal protection under law are defined The third section is about the basic principles of the US government and their purpose. He goes in debt about each branch of the US government: legislative, executive, and judicial. He talks about separation of powers and checks and balances. It also talks about individual rights and due process. Also, he talks about the powers of the government and how they are divided between the national government, state government, and the people In the fourth section she discusses how the US Constitution is a living constitution. It talks about the Bill of Rights and describes the first ten amendments. It tells each of the freedoms that the first ten amendments (Bill of Rights) grant. She also talks about the functions of the state and local governments. It discusses the purpose and duties of the state and local government The fifth section compares the US and NC Constitutions. It compares the Constitutions Preambles, Bill of Rights, powers given, responsibilities, and organization. It also compares the US and NC governments. She compares their names, members, terms, powers. She shares the similarities and difference between the national and state governments In the sixth section the types if authority the government can exercise over people is discussed. Also the rights and privileges of citizens are talked about. She goes into detail about how the government promotes public interest and general welfare. Taxes, immigration, naturalization, responsibilities, platforms, planks and third parties are defined. She talks about the US is a two party system even though there are several parties. Also, it talks about the advantages and disadvantages of a two party system.

2 Causes of the Revolutionary War By Courtlyn McCarthy For the majority of the colonial period of America, Great Britain, implored salutary neglect, the practice of leaving a group of people to govern themselves. However, after emerging triumphant in the French-Indian War ( ), Great Britain began to assert its authority in the new world, taxing the Thirteen Colonies in an effort to quickly pay off debts, which had accumulated over the war s run. As mercantilism s, a system enabling colonies to only trade with their mother nations, inconvenience was furthered with passing of a similar law, Navigations Acts, requiring the colonies trade exclusively with Britain, and cease trade with each other; numerous other laws were enacted that made living all the more cumbersome in the new world. The Quartering Act stated colonists must provide shelter for British soldiers, while another, the Writs of Assistance, granted officials the means to search any property at will, another taxed paper products, the Stamp Act, and so on and so forth. With each law, or act, passed, colonists grew more and more inconvenienced, and began to question if Britain truly had what was best for them in mind, taxing them when they didn t even have a representative in the Parliament to voice their opinions. Rebellions emerged from various parts of the colony, fueled by the support of many of their fellows. Eventually, it was made evident that boycotting the British was not going to change anything, giving way into more violent protests, and eventually, the American Revolutionary War ( ). Foundations of Modern Day American Government The colonists hoped that by going to war with Great Britain, they would ensure that in the future they would live in a free nation, and likewise, be free to form their own system of government. After emerging from the war triumphant, many colonies began to form their own governments, though in actuality, the colonies seemed to be breaking off into mini-nations with their own currencies and varying systems of governing. In an effort to bring the colonies together, the Articles of Confederation was produced. Sadly, the Articles produced a weak central government, and were discarded in favor of the Constitution, which to this day has proven to be a vital piece of legislation, and the foundation for the United States laws and regulations; it is also responsible for dividing power within the branches of government. Though the colonies had begun to form a new nation, many of the ideals introduced in the legal documents of the land were in fact based off of theories introduced during the Enlightenment and the 18th century. Fundamental principles of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, such as division of power, equal justice under law, and even checks and balances, the way each branch in central government keeps another in its proper place, were derived from such time periods. While some ideas, for example, natural rights, ensuring life, liberty, and the right to property, may have been reworded a bit, the basic concept itself did not change very much. The colonists of the past had brought with them the ideas and knowledge of Enlightenment theories, which had in turn affected the development of American government; allowing their descendants to take their first steps in forming the systems in practice today.

3 R A W N A I D N I H C N E R F K F S U Z S B F W C O C H I L R O W C Z Z W J T K P R T L J S K I R Y A U O D P F Z R T M Z H F M G Z Z A W K E X X I Y O R X N T H H O J W K Y I Q H U C M L U V Q T T O J N T Y S T C W Q V U K I U Q H R P L G K S K S J I U N I F T J E E L O H Y W E W O A R D F T N O A W B F R C T I W J S M I H C D X K C L R O C V F A W R T T K L W T T T F V K P T B B T B P Z A U A V T N N T Y N E G U Y C S M C Q C B M Z C A S T S T B Q U E N C X S S T A E A M S X O T B V F N X S J V Q N Z Q H N I O N I G L Y R T V F Y Y I O Q I A W R O O P O U Q D F N O K G M M H H G D Q I L S K X W N E Z W F B K I C M N U E G C M E L S T C T Z E H G D Z H A H R F K O B Z L N G J V T W A F A Q L T Y F R L P E H O O J N B K Z Y O K Z V G P N U J D L I A X T G Z Y I I D F Z H S R P W Y I C C N E C N N U R Y G V A E B E P E M E E A B F V Z E T M U C B A S O Z I H N Z C F M D C S P T D A I X L I E R U I J L X A I O S O Z Z V E G T E U N S M W S V Q C M W E D G B O S U Q D W P R P H P L H K P A M E R I C A N R E V O L U T I O N A R Y W A R U O F P R K H P E Q Q T T N U G H Q E F T R H F S D W W F H C L E W N V U O V X C O L S X J I L P V J M E R C A N T I L I S M Q U G G R W Y Y Q O Z M P X V J Z Y J Y Z V C X Q M Q Z W T E R D D Q N O V 1) Britain vs. (Its) Colonies ( ) 2) Early attempt at a legal system; weak and eventually replaced 3) How each branch of government keeps the others in check 4) Britain vs. France (and the American Natives) ( ) 5) Replaced an earlier document s system of governing; continues use today 6) Colonies are to only trade with their mother nations 7) British colonies are to exclusively trade with Britain; no trade within the colonies 8) Citizens of the colonies are to provide for and house British soldiers 9) System of ignoring and allowing a group of people to prosper, or fail, on their own 10) This placed a tax on all paper goods 11) This allowed a British soldier to search property at will (no warrant required)

4 Review Questions 1) What practice ended after the French-Indian War when Great Britain began to turn its attention to the American colonies? a) Salutary Neglect b) Absolute Neglect c) Mercantilism d) Democracy 2) granted British soldiers the means to search any property at will. a) Search Act b) Stamp Act c) Writs of Assistance d) No such law existed 3) was a concept introduced earlier on in history, and applied during the designing of the United States documents. a) Natural Rights b) Checks and Balances c) Equal Justice Under Law d) All of the above 4) This document attempted to unify the colonies as one nation with one system of governing, but turned out to be too weak, and was later replaced. a) The Articles of Confederation b) The Constitution c) The Declaration of Independence d) The Magna Carta 5) Mercantilism a) Allowed merchants to pick whom they wanted to trade with b) Required colonies to trade with their mother nation(s) c) Required colonies to trade amongst themselves d) Started the French-Indian War Critical Thinking Did the colonists have justified reasons for demanding change?

5 Answers for the Word Search 1) American Revolutionary War 2) Articles of Confederation 3) Checks and Balances 4) French-Indian War 5) Constitution 6) Mercantilism 7) Navigation Acts 8) Quartering Act 9) Salutary Neglect 10) Stamp Act 11) Writs of Assistance Fill in the Blank Causes of the American Revolutionary War a) Navigations Act b) Stamp Act c) Quartering Act d) Writs of Assistance Answers for Review Questions 1) a) Salutary Neglect 2) c) Writs of Assistance 3) d) All of the above 4) b) Required colonies to trade with their mother nation(s) 5) a) The Articles of Confederation Critical Thinking Example After years of imploring salutary neglect, and allowing the colonies to prosper (and at times struggle) on their own, the British, following their victory in the French-Indian War, suddenly began to shift their focus onto them. The colonists who had grown used to governing on their own, and not adhering to all of the British laws passed, were abruptly forced to begin living under much more supervised conditions, and were not allowed as much control in their everyday lives as they had been in the past. Under such circumstances, it was only a matter of time before the colonists would begin to demand change, and they certainly deserved it. They had flourished; they had cultivated the land, built homes, and started trades, all on their own. Great Britain refused to allow a member of the colonies to represent them in Parliament, and taxed them excessively, all the while refusing to do much anything in response to the many complaints being made. Britain passed many laws that hindered the colonies and their people, and continued to grant more and more power to their officials. The colonists had every right in demanding the changes they so desired, and with their voices falling on deaf ears, every right to take matters into their own hands, as they did in the end. Bibliography McVicker, Ricky. Lecture on Activity Worksheet 1, 2, 3. West Forsyth High School, Clemmons. Sep McVicker, Ricky. Constitutional Convention Notes. Civics and Economics Class. West Forsyth High School, Clemmons. 9 Sep McVicker, Ricky. Quiz (1, 2, 3) Review Notes. Civics and Economics Class. West Forsyth High School, Clemmons. 12 Sep McVicker, Ricky. Articles of Confederation Notes. Civics and Economics Class. West Forsyth High School, Clemmons. 14 Sep The Foundation of American Government. Painting. Henry B. Hintermeister.14 Dec. 2012

6 Federalists and Anti-Federalists By: Chris Marrero The U.S. government has been shaped throughout the years by two contradicting groups of people, The Federalists & the Anti-Federalists. The Federalists were a faction group of people who were with the ratification of the Bill of Rights; the federalists believed that the Bill of Rights was an essential tool in granting citizens of the nation needed rights. The federalist s main members consisted of Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, & John Jay. Alexander Hamilton was the leader of the Federalist Party, Hamilton came up with a strong plan to strengthen the national government and replace the undependable structure of the Articles of Confederation. James Madison had the most influence on the Constitution & wrote the most of the Federalist Papers. The opposition of the Federalist Party was the Anti-Federalist group. Which were against the ratification of the Constitution. The Anti-Federalist s main member was Thomas Jefferson who only believed that each state should abide by their own laws. Government has evolved from the days of the Articles of Confederation which attempted to lay out a basic government for citizens to abide by. The case with the Articles of Confederation was that it had no power to collect taxes, regulate trade, and Congress had no power to enforce laws. The Articles had no central power, no leader to direct the government, and no national court system. The articles were discussed and they were discarded. They decided to replace the Articles with the Constitution which described the purpose and setup the structure of our government. This was the beginning of the feud between the Federalist and Anti-Federalist which debated on one part of the Constitution, the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Right outlined the rights of every U.S. citizen. The Federalists and Anti-Federalists disagreed on the 9th and 10th amendments. the Anti-Federalists disagreed on the 9th amendment because they believed that this amendment would limit their rights not outlined in the Bill of Rights but that was not true as the 9th amendment state "The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people" stating that the right citizens are granted are not the only rights they are given. Also the 10th which states "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people" this means that anything not included in the Constitution is given to the states or people to decide what to make as their state laws. Principles and Ideals of American Democracy There are important ideas and principles that are vital in the American Democracy and they promote more freedom to the citizens of the U.S. These are some ideas and principles Separation of Power this idea prevents the government from maintaining all the power in one place, so it is divided in to three branches the Executive, Judicial, and Legislative. The idea of Rule of Law is vital in the American Democracy in which all people of the U.S. are bound by the law even the President. We live in a democracy a democracy simply means that U.S. citizens vote on issues themselves they are part of their country and they influence the government s decisions. The principle of Individual Rights is given to all citizens and cannot be taken away by the government, because the Constitution states that the government cannot take away your right to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. In the U.S. we sometimes we also have a Representative Democracy where the citizens vote for someone to represent the people, state, or even country. Equal Opportunity the ideal that all citizens can achieve the same thing no matter what ethnicity. Equal Protection under the Law means that all citizens have the same rights as others of a different ethnicity. Diversity is one of the most influential ideals that promote freedom because we are all different the U.S. has the most diversity on the planet and we gain strength through a\our diversity of different religions, ethnicity, etc. Suffrage is the right to vote. These principles all promote freedom in the nation of the U.S.A.

7 Crossword Activity..\Downloads\52212xouvt.png Across 7.Means to approve of something. 8.A type of government where people vote on issues themselves. Down 1.Father of the Constitution. 2.Where each branch of the government has separate and independent responsibilities. 3.Term given to opposing political groups. 4.Those who were in favor of the ratification of the Constitution. 5.Power that is shared between the federal and state governments. 6.Those who were against the ratification of the Constitution. Graphic organizer of American Democracy Separation of Powers Principles and Ideals of American Democracy Individual Rights Executive,, and branches Suffrage Democracy,, and The Pursuit of Happiness

8 Quiz 1. What are the Federalists known as today? A) Democrats B) Republicans C) Anti-Federalists D) Federalists 2. What are the Anti-Federalists known as today? A) Republicans B) Anti-Federalists C) Democrats D) Federalists 3. Why were the Anti-Federalists against the ratification of the Constitution? A) Because it would not limit their rights B) They believed the government would have too much power C) They believed that it would limit their rights as citizens D) Both B and C 4. What is the importance of Separation of Power? A) So all the power does not lie in one place B) So that the government does not have too much power in one place C) So each branch of the government has separate & independent responsibilities D) All of the Above 5. What is Federalism? A) Power being given to only the states B) Power being only given to the government C) Power is shared between both the states & the government D) None of the Above Critical Thinking Question Throughout their feud how have the Federalists and Anti-Federalists changed the government and do they influence us today?

9 Answer Key Across 7. Means to approve of something. Answer: Ratification 8. A type of government where people vote on issues themselves. Answer: Democracy Down 1. Father of the Constitution. Answer: James Madison (No Spaces) 2. Where each branch of the government has separate and independent responsibilities. Answer: Separation of Powers (No Spaces) 3. Term given to opposing political groups. Answer: Factions 4. Those who were in favor of the ratification of the Constitution. Answer: Federalists 5. Power that is shared between the federal and state governments. Answer: Federalism 6. Those who were against the ratification of the Constitution. Answer: Anti-Federalists (Include -) Graphic Organizer of American Democracy Separation of Powers Principles and Ideals Individual Rights of American Democracy Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches Suffrage Quiz Answers 1. What are the Federalists known as today? B) Republicans 2. What are the Anti-Federalists known as today? C) Democrats Representative Democracy 3. Why were the Anti-Federalists against the ratification of the Constitution? D) Both B and C 4. What is the importance of Separation of Power? D) All of the Above 5. What is Federalism? C) Power is shared between both the states & the government Critical Thinking Question Must Include: How the Federalists and Anti-Federalists started, how they influenced the Bill of Rights, And What they do today. Citation "Historic Documents." ushistory.org. Web. 1 Jan < Life, Liberty, and The Pursuit of Happiness Anderson, Alyssa, Dan Kazan, Danielle Stoneman, and Janice Marks."James Madison." leftjustified.com Web. 1 Jan < "Hamilton, Alexander Federalist Leader." Factmonster.com Web. 1 Jan < "Constitution of the United States." Ratical.org Web. 1 Jan < Harmony, Grace A. "Who were the Anti-Federalists and the Federalists." yahoo.com. 30 May Web. 1 Jan <

10 The US Government Josh Thompson Civics 4th Period The purpose of the United States Federal Government is based upon the Constitution written by The Founding Fathers. The Founding Fathers were political leaders that aided in the American Revolution by signing the Declaration of Independence and establishing the Constitution. The Constitution required six functions of Government. The first function is to Form A More United Union. By that the Founding Fathers meant all thirteen colonies (at the time) were to unite to form one strong nation. The second function is to Establish Justice. The Government is to keep justice within the nation. This means that the laws must be fair logical and unbiased to a certain person or group. The next function is Provide Common Defense. This simply means to provide defense for enemies of the United States. The fourth function is to Secure the Blessings of Liberty. The Founding Fathers wrote the Constitution based on the ideas of freedom but realized there needs to be boundaries for the safety of the people. The next function is to Promote the General Welfare. That means the government has to provide certain things for the public for the greater good of the people. The last function is to Insure Domestic Tranquility. This means that the government must provide order in society and provide domestic peace. The three branches of the United States government are the Legislative Branch, Executive Branch and the Judicial Branch. The Legislative Branch which consists of two parts, the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House of Representatives consists of 435 representatives who are elected from each state and the number of representatives from each state is elected based on the population of that state. The Senate consists of 100 members and the members are elected two per state. The Legislative branch makes the laws. Both branches can make a bill which goes through the process in the house it originated in and if it makes it through that house it goes to the other and either passes and becomes a law or dies. The Legislative Branch can also override a presidential veto, confirm presidential appointments and treaties, they create lower courts, confirm presidential appointments of federal judges and can impeach the president. The next branch is the Judicial Branch. The Judicial Branch oversees all the courts in the U.S. and expresses what the constitution means by passing laws through congress. The head of the Judicial Branch is the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court consists of one Chief Justice and eight associate justices. The judges are picked by the president and approved by the Senate. The judges have no term limits. The Supreme Court s decision is final and no other courts can overrule the decision. The Supreme Court is always making up new ways to interpret the laws. The last branch is the Executive Branch. The Executive Branch enforces the laws. The President is the head of the Executive Branch which is elected by the country and can serve up to two four year terms. The President approves then carries out the laws passed by the Legislative Branch.

11 R M J S R D N C J Z T L K X F V Y H O M K E V I T A L S I G E L O V O M E K L D E F P D C N E H U E G C G S U H M A E L Z V A R X L Q I K Y O J P I N A I U O Z W C I J E M F K R N J J V X D C Q Y A R M J I T K S N K S X W V S J I N Y P L P D Y U G U A E T S L Y M D D N A Y Q S P J C F P H C I N V U Z D U Q G Q F N S O V V T U E T E W T O R J W W F S L T Q V C P B A U M T X U A M G Y Y A S Z D O T X S G T L P O C E I T E H M T E H C K X I J I P K N V H R E S I K F H R C O G T K O F D A F D I Q A C M V H E G X X Y J N G M U L O F O H T Q S E E R N K Z A G K P M F Y B D H O U O O O W S O F C R G F D Y W L N V J T H P Y M Y C C H H G K B A A F K D P A S D Z Y W I W L J W F Q D A X N B R T S J C N J T A S G B T W B B V Y G M S V L X J L A B L W A P O O A M L Q W D G Y Z W T L O G V Y X B X S P 1. These are the three branches of government. 2. The Legislative Branch is also called this. 3. A document drafted by the Founding Fathers. 4. These were political leaders during the American Revolution that wrote the Declaration of Independence. 5. There are 435 in this house of Congress Fill in the ovals with three things each branch does Executive Branch Legislative Branch 1 Judicial Branch 2 3

12 Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which branch of government can override presidential vetoes? A. Executive B. Legislative C. Judicial D. Supreme Court 2. How many associate judges are in the Supreme Court? A. 9 B. 8 C. 5 D How many members are in the House of Representatives? A. 100 B. 500 C. 435 D What group aided in the American Revolution by signing the Declaration of Independence and drafting the Constitution? A. Federalist B. Anti-Federalists C. Founding Fathers D. Revolutionaries 5. How many functions is the United States supposed to do according to the constitution? A. 8 B. 3 C. 4 D. 6 Constructed Response If the Founding Fathers never made the Constitution and the American Government didn t follow the six functions set by the Constitution, how do you think the government would be structured?

13 Crossword Answers 1. Legislative Executive Judicial 2. Congress 3. Constitution 4. Founding Fathers 5. Representatives Multiple Choice Answers 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. D Bibliography Wikipedia contributors. Founding Fathers of the United States. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 30 Dec Web. 28 Dec Fact Monster Pearson Education, publishing as Fact Monster. 27. Dec The White House. The Executive Branch. The White House. 27. Dec Yahoo! Contributor Network. The Purpose of the U.S. Government Per the Constitution. April 12, PowerLineBlog. The Purpose of The Government. 28. Apr Dec 2012.

14 By: Aleksandra Puglisi The U.S. Constitution The U.S. Constitution was created to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, as stated in the Preamble, the beginning statement of the Constitution. The Constitution was also written to set better guidelines for the United States to live by, to protect the people s rights, and to set limits on the power the government has. Everyone has to follow the law, so every U.S citizen is equally protected under the constitution. The U.S. Constitution is considered a living constitution because since 1787, we have been amending, or changing, it. Rule of law means the law applies to everyone. When the Supreme Court makes a decision, they use precedents, decisions made based on a previous court decision. The Supreme Court has the power to declare things unconstitutional, which is called judicial review. The Constitution has 27 amendments, but the first 10 are called the Bill Of Rights. The 1st amendment is about freedom of speech. Your right to have a gun is protected by the 2nd amendment. The 3rd amendment states that unless in times of war, soldiers cannot live in your house without your permission. If anyone is going to search your house/property, they must have a search warrant/probable cause to do so, as stated in the 4th amendment. The 5th amendment is very important, because it guarantees your rights to not be a witness against yourself in court. You cannot have your private property taken from you without just compensation. The 6th amendment is about due process; your right to a lawyer, witnesses, and a speedy trial with a jury. Civil suits and jury trials are in the 7th amendment. You cannot sue someone for less than $20. The 8th amendment sets limits on cruel and unusual punishments. When you commit a crime, your punishment has to be equal to what you did, or in proportion to it. The 9th amendment talks about reserved rights. This means that people have more rights than just what is stated in the constitution. The 10th amendment gives people the powers that are not given to the U.S. In the N.C. constitution, the Bill of Rights is Article I, which states that all people are created equally, and have the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Federalism means the power is shared between state and federal governments. The Federal, or national, government has the power to coin money, raise/maintain an army/navy, declare war, make treaties and regulate foreign and interstate commerce. The state government has the power to control intrastate commerce. It also sets the legal age for drinking, marriage, and alcohol consumption. Both national and state governments can make and enforce laws, collect taxes, create courts, and appoint judges. The Federal legislative body is called the Congress. The legislative body of the state is called the General Assembly. The job of the General Assembly is to make state laws, or statutes. The local legislatives job is to make local laws, called ordinances. The head of the executive branch of state is called the governor, who enforce and carry out state laws. In a local government, the mayor enforces the local laws. The job of the judicial branch is to interpret the laws. In order to propose an amendment, 2/3 of both houses of congress must vote. In order to ratify amendments, ¾ of the states legislatures approve it.

15 National Governments -Coin money -Raise and maintain an army/navy -Declare War -Grant copyrights -Make treaties -Regulate foreign and interstate commerce National and State governments -Make and enforce laws -Levy(collect) taxes -Create courts -Appoint judges State governments -Regulate intrastate commerce -Set legal age for driving, marriage, and alcohol consumption The U.S. and N.C. Constitution Across 3. Decisions made based on a previous court case 5. The 6th amendment is about process 6. Local laws 8. The beginning statement of the Constitution 9. Both national and governments can make and enforce laws. 10. State laws 11. The federal legislative body is called. Down 1. To change 2. Another word for national 4. The law applies to everybody 7. Power is shared between state and federal governments

16 1) What is federalism? a. another word for national b. to change c. power being shared between the state and federal governments d. the law applies to everyone 2) What is one main reason the US Constitution was created? a. to form a more perfect union b. to establish federalism c. to sue courts d. to protect make more rules 3) What is the Federal legislative body called? a. national b. governor c. Congress d. General Assembly 4) What amendment does due process fall under? a. 10 b. 5 c. 7 d. 6 5) What can both the federal and the state governments do? a. coin money b. declare war c. set legal drinking ages d. make and enforce laws Explain how the U.S. Constitution is a living constitution.

17 Multiple Choice Question Key 1. c 2. a 3. c 4. d 5. d Across 3. Precedent 5. Due 6. Ordinances 8. Preamble 9. State 10. Statutes 11. Congress Down 1. Amend 2. Federal 4. Rule of law 7. Federalism Works Cited "5th Amendment-Rights of Persons." FindLaw. Thompson Reuters, n.d. Web. 15 Dec < "Legal Information Institute." First Amendment. Cornell University Law School, n.d. Web. 15 Dec 2012.Usconstitution , image, WordpressWeb. 15 Dec 2012.

18 Structure of Government By Cassie Sealover Every government consists of the executive branch, the legislative branch, and the judicial branch. Governments are structured to address the needs of the people who are governed. There are two types of government, state government and national government. The national government runs the entire nation. State governments control their state with more details and can do more within that individual state. National governments power is controlled by the executive branch, which covers carrying out the laws made in the legislative branch. This branch is run by the President. This branch calls special sessions of congress and appoints judges. The legislative branch makes the laws, confirms presidential department of federal judges, override presidential a veto, and can use its power to impeach the president. The judicial branch can remove laws, declare laws unconstitutional, and are appointed for life. They are removed through impeachment or death. This branch has the power of judicial review, which is when the Supreme Court reviews the constitutional soundness of a legislative act. The branches are controlled through checks and balances. They are used to keep the branches from overpowering each other. The U.S. government is a democracy, which is a type of representative government, where the people hold the ultimate power and choose representatives through frequent and free elections, which are the elections we hold every so often so the people can decide who they want to represent them in the world of politics. Under the constitution, government is limited by rule of law. This basically says the law applies to everyone, even those who govern us, and that every person is equal regardless of who you are. Since everyone is equal, that means everyone has equal and individual rights in the bill of rights, known as the amendments, which list the rights every person has. Every person also has individual responsibility to follow the rules and laws and live up to their responsibilities as a citizen, like voting. Everyone has equal justice under the law, which means they are protected by the amendments in the constitution. For example, every person charged with a crime has the right to equal treatment through the judicial system, for example everyone s entitled to a trial. This is known as due process. Our government also promises every person there private property rights, meaning they can legally own property of their own, meaning it is controlled by them and not the government. The way the united states runs there nation is different compared to other nations. Some other governments are not democracy s and therefore rule things completely differently, like how in some nations the people have no say. There representatives are selected through parliament, heredity in a monarchy, simply take leadership through force, and others. In some other nations women have no rights, unlike the United States. In the U.S. it is required every child gets an education, and in some other nations it isn t. National government takes care of larger affairs, like printing money, taking care of foreign policy, providing an army and navy, making treaties, and regulating interstate (between states) and international trade. The state government takes care of the state in more detail. North Carolina s government regulates intrastate (in state), conduct state elections, issue licenses, establish local government, take immediate measures for the public s health and safety, and can exert powers the constitution does not give to the national government. However, the national and state government has shared powers, like collecting taxes, building roads, establishing courts making and enforcing laws, leasing banks and businesses, spending money for warfare, and taking private property for public purposes as long as the owner is provided compensation.

19 Structure of government Across 8. Can remove laws; declare laws unconstitutional and judges are appointed for life. 11. This means under the law, everyone has equal rights 12. Means the law applies to EVERYONE even those who govern us 13. Means all things controlled between states like national highways 14. When the Supreme Court reviews the constitutional soundness of a legislative act 15. Used to keep the branches from over powering each other and balances the power between them 16. Controls things within its specific state, takes care of smaller things Down 1. Means everyone is entitled to a fair trial by jury in the court of law regardless of funds or crime committed 2. Elections held every so often so we can chose who we want to represent us in the world of politics 3. Controls entire nation, takes care of larger things 4. A type of representative government where the people hold the power and representatives are chosen through frequent and free elections 5. means one can legally own their own property (like a business or home) and it s controlled by them and not the government 6. Means all things controlled inside states like schools and public roads 7. Powers the national and state government both have, like collecting taxes. 9. The 27 rights listed 10. Controlled by national government and carry s out laws National Government State Government Raise/maintain a navy and army Fix standards Grant patents and copy rights Regulate foreign and intra state commerce Make & enforce law Set legal age for marriage Set driving age Set age for alcohol consumption

20 1) Which of the following would cover making a new law about alcohol in the state of Georgia? a) National Government b) State Government c) Executive Branch d) Judicial Branch 2) Who has the power to call special sessions of congress and appoints judges? a) Executive Branch b) Legislative Branch c) Judicial Branch d) Government Branch 3) Which is an example of interstate commerce? a) Conduct state Elections b) issuing licenses b) Establish local government d) Trade between states 4) Which of the following is an example of a large factor in a democracy? a) A dictator creating a new law b) a new prince is born c) Holding a national election d) Tuning in to a Kings speech 5) Critical Thinking: Explain the reasons why the three branches belong in a representative government and part of a democracy.

21 Answer Key Chart: National gov: Both: State gov: Make treaties collect taxes regulate intrastate commerce 1) (b) State Government 2) (a) Executive Branch 3) (d) Trade between states 4) (c) Holding a national election 5) It makes sense for the three branches to be part of a representative government because the three branches take care of the people, for example how the Legislative branch makes laws that benefit the people s safety and wellness. The people get to vote for who sits in congress and who the president is, and by choosing there representative they take over and do their job according with the branch they are a part of. In a representative democracy, the people hold the power. Crossword: 8) judicial Branch 15)checks and balances 4)democracy 11) equal justice 16)state government 5)private property 12)rule of law 1)due process 6)intrastate commerce 13)interstate commerce 2)frequent and free elections 7)shared powers 14)judicial review 3)national government 9)amendments 10) executive branch Bibliography Blenda, Sean. "The 4 Differences between the Federal and State Constitutions."Constitution Daily RSS. Constitution Daily, n.d. Web. 31 Dec "Civics Today: Citizenship, Economics, & You." Your Page Title. Glencoe, n.d. Web. 31 Dec Mcvicker. Ricky, Class lectures. Civics class, West forsyth high school, Winston-Salem, NC. November "North Carolina State Constitution." Ncga.state.nc.us.com. Ncga, n.d. Web. 31 Dec "The Executive Branch." The White House. Whitehouse.gov, n.d. Web. 31 Dec