I^ATIN AMERICA AND THE UNITED STATES

Transcription

1 A I^ATIN AMERICA AND THE UNITED STATES A Documentary History : Robert H. Holden OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY Eric Zolov FRANKLIN & MARSHALL COLLEGE New York Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2000

2 Preface xiii I. TRANSITIONS OF EMPIRE No No Transfer Doctrine The Congress of the United States 5 No Cuba: "An Apple Severed by the Tempest From Its 7 Native Tree." John Quincy Adams No The Monroe Doctrine James Monroe 11 No The Congress of Panama Simon Bolivar 15 No The United States: "Destined to Plague America with 17 Torments" Simon Bolivar No U.S. Participation in the Brazilian Slave Trade 19 Henry A. Wise No Texas, Mexico and Manifest Destiny James K. Polk 22 No President Polk's War Message to Congress 24 James K. Polk No Bidlack Treaty The Governments of New Granada and 26 the United States No The United States: "An Inconceivable Extravaganza" 28 Domingo Faustino Sarmiento No The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo The Governments 31 of Mexico and the United States No The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty The Governments of the 34 United States and Great Britain No The Ostend Manifesto James Buchanan, J. Y. Mason 36 and Pierre Soule No Filibuster William Walker 39 No Mexico Seeks Support Against a Foreign Aggressor 42 Matias Romero

3 No Santo Domingo Seeks Annexation by the United States 45 Hamilton Fish No A U.S. Official Interprets Latin America 47 William Eleroy Curtis No The First Inter-American Conference James G. Blaine 50 II. THE COLOSSUS OF THE NORTH No The Lessons of History Alfred Thayer Mahan 55 No The Baltimore Affair Benjamin Harrison 59 No The Character of the United States Jose Marti 61 No The Olney Memorandum Richard Olney 64 No The Calvo Clause Carlos Calvo 68 No The Decision to Act Against Spain William McKinley 70 No The Teller Amendment The Congress of the 72 United States No Anti-Imperialism in the United States 74 Andrew Carnegie No The Treaty of Paris The Governments of the United 76 States and Spain No "Ariel" Jose Enrique Rodo 78 No The Platt Amendment The Congress of the United States 81 No The Hay-Pauncefote Treaty The Governments of 83 the United States and Great Britain No Vanity and Ambition on the Rio Grande 84 Jose Maria Roa Bdrcena No The Drago Doctrine Luis M. Drago 88 No Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty The Governments of 90 the United States and Panama No "I Took Final Action in 1903" Theodore Roosevelt 92 No "To Roosevelt" Ruben Dario 95 No Banana Republics O. Henry 97 No The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine 200 Theodore Roosevelt VI

4 No The Dominican Republic Challenge 203 Theodore Roosevelt No Managing Nicaragua Adolfo Diaz and Philander C.Knox 104 No The Pact of the Embassy Henry Lane Wilson 107 No The Mobile Speech Woodrow Wilson 110 No The Bryan-Chamorro Treaty The Governments of 113 the United States and Nicaragua No The State Department and Public Opinion 225 Robert Lansing No Dollar Diplomacy and Social Darwinism 227 F. M. Huntington Wilson No The Zimmermann Telegram Alfred Zimmermann 119 No The Jones Act The Congress of the United States 222 No An Argentine Denunciation of Imperialism 223 Jose Ingenieros No The Bucareli Accords The Governments of Mexico 125 and the United States No A Latin American Doctrine of Anti-Imperialism 228 Victor Haya de la Torre No A Defense of Intervention Charles E. Hughes 130 No With Sandino in Nicaragua Carleton Beals 132 No The Clark Memorandum /. Reuben Clark 135 III. BURYING THE BIG STICK No The Good Neighbor Policy Franklin Delano Roosevelt 141 No Mission to Havana Sumner Welles 143 No The United States Accepts the Non-intervention 246 Principle The Delegates to the Seventh International Conference of American States No Hemispheric Security and Non-intervention 249 The Delegates to the Inter-American Conference for the Maintenance of Peace No Just Compensation for the Good Neighbor 250 Cordell Hull vti

5 No Populist Diplomacy in Mexico Josephus Daniels 153 No A Skeptic Views the Good Neighbor Policy 256 Carleton Beals No Marketing Pan Americanism The U.S. Office of the 159 Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs No Confronting the Fascist Threat The Delegates to the 162 Third Meeting of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the American Republics No The Bracero Program The Governments of Mexico 165 and the United States No A Historian Defends U.S. Policy Samuel Flagg Bemis 168 No "Rum and Coca-Cola" Lionel Belasco and others 170 No The Act of Chapultepec The Delegates to the Inter- 173 American Conference on Problems of War and Peace No The Blue Book on Argentina (Braden Report) 276 Spruille Braden and the U.S. State Department No Chilean Labor and U.S. Capital 279 U.S. Department of State IV. THE COLD WAR No and 1954 A Charter for Covert Action? The Congress 185 of the United States and the Doolittle Committee No The Rio Treaty The Governments of the United States 187 and Latin America No The Charter of the Organization of American States 290 The Delegates to the Ninth International Conference of American States No. 7U 1948 The Menace of Communism The Delegates to the 193 Ninth International Conference of American States No A Realist Views Latin America George F. Kennan 195 No A New Economic Model for Latin America 298 Raul Prebisch No Terminating a Revolution in Guatemala 202 A View from Washington John C. Dreier xnn

6 No Terminating a Revolution in Guatemala 203 A View from Guatemala Luis Cardoza y Aragon No On the Road to Mexico JackKerouac 206 No Taming a Revolution in Bolivia George Jackson Eder 208 No With Castro in the Sierra Maestra 222 Herbert L. Matthews No Operation Pan America Juscelino Kubitschek 214 No The Act of Bogota The Committee of No Debating Cuba and Castro Richard M. Nixon and 220 John F. Kennedy No Listen, Yankee C. Wright Mills 223 No The Alliance for Progress John F. Kennedy 226 No Lessons of the Bay of Pigs John F. Kennedy 229 No The Charter of Punta del Este The Delegates to the 232 Special Meeting of the Inter-American Economic and Social Council No The Shark and the Sardines Juan Jose Arevalo 235 No The Hickenlooper Amendment The Congress of 238 the United States No The Principles of Economic Development 239 According to Washington Thomas C. Mann No The Wine is Bitter Milton Eisenhower 242 No The Foco Theory Ernesto "Che" Guevara 244 No Intervention in the Dominican Republic 247 /. William Fulbright No Two, Three, Many Vietnams Ernesto "Che" Guevara 250 No The Tlatelolco Treaty The Governments of Latin America 252 No The Lost Alliance Eduardo Frei Montalva 255 No Transferring the Tools of Counterinsurgency 258 Albert H. Smith Jr. No Songs of Protest from Latin America 260 The First Protest Song Conference No Massacre in Mexico U.S. Department of State 262 IX

7 No The Rockefeller Report Nelson A. Rockefeller 264 No The Principles of Economic Development 267 According to the Dependentistas Fernando H. Cardoso and Enzo Faletto No Playa Giron Silvio Rodriguez 270 No The Culture of Imperialism Ariel Dorfman and 272 Armand Mattelart No The Church Committee Report on CIA Covert Action 276 U.S. Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations No and 1978 Human Rights and Foreign Aid 280 The Congress of the United States No Soft Spots in the "Brazilian Model" G. A. Costanzo 282 No The Panama Canal Treaties The Governments of the 286 United States and Panama No Saving the New World from Communism 289 The Committee of Santa Fe No Central America in Revolt: A Reagan Administration 292 View The National Bipartisan Commission on Central America No The Fear of Communism in Central America 294, Ronald Reagan No Teaching Sabotage The U.S. Central Intelligence Agency 297 No The United States Condemned The International Court 300 of Justice No. Ill 2986 The Pentagon Prepares for Prolonged War The U.S. 303 Department of Defense No Solidarity Audrey Seniors 307 No The Esquipulas II Accords The Governments of Costa 310 Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua No A School of the Americas "Study Manual" 323 The U.S. Department of Defense No "We Say No" Eduardo Galeano 316 V. AFTER THE COLD WAR: CONFLICT IN THE SEARCH FOR COMMON GROUND No The United States Invades Panama: "We Never 322 Heard The Truth" Ramsey Clark

8 No The Rio Declaration on Environment and 324 Development The Delegates to the U.N. Conference on Environment and Development No The North American Free Trade Agreement The 328 Governments of Canada, the United States and Mexico No Insurgency After the Cold War The Zapatista Army of 331 National Liberation No Proposition 187 The Voters of California 333 No The Summit of the Americas The Heads of State of 337 Thirty-Four American Nations No Drugs and Democracy in Bolivia 340 Human Rights Watch No Sweat-Shop Labor The Organization Regional 343 Interamericana de Trabajadores No The First Americans The Inter-American Commission 347 on Human Rights Index 351 XI