International Political Economy Series

Transcription

1 International Political Economy Series Series Editor Timothy M. Shaw Visiting Professor at the University of Massachusetts Boston, USA, and Emeritus Professor at the University of London, UK

2 The global political economy is in flux as a series of cumulative crises impacts its organization and governance. The IPE series has tracked its development in both analysis and structure over the last three decades. It has always had a concentration on the global South. Now the South increasingly challenges the North as the centre of development, also reflected in a growing number of submissions and publications on indebted Eurozone economies in Southern Europe. An indispensable resource for scholars and researchers, the series examines a variety of capitalisms and connections by focusing on emerging economies, companies and sectors, debates and policies. It informs diverse policy communities as the established trans-atlantic North declines and 'the rest', especially the BRICS, rise. More information about this series at

3 Greig Charnock Guido Starosta Editors The New International Division of Labour Global Transformation and Uneven Development

4 Editors Greig Charnock Politics The University of Manchester United Kingdom Guido Starosta Economics and Administration National University of Quilmes and CONICET Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina International Political Economy Series ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Library of Congress Control Number: The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 The author(s) has/have asserted their right(s) to be identified as the author(s) of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover illustration: Rob Friedman/iStockphoto.com Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Macmillan Publishers Ltd. London

5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Chapter 2 is a translation of the following, adapted and produced by the editors with the permission of the copyright holder: Iñigo Carrera, J. (2013) Capítulo 5: La tasa general de ganancia y su realización en la diferenciación de los capitales industriales, in El capital: razón histórica, sujecto revolucionario y conciencia, second edition (Buenos Aires: Imago Mundi). v

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7 CONTENTS 1 Introduction: The New International Division of Labour and the Critique of Political Economy Today 1 Part I Capital and the International Division of Labour 23 2 The General Rate of Profit and Its Realisation in the Differentiation of Industrial Capitals 25 3 The Global Accumulation of Capital and Ground-Rent in Resource Rich Countries 55 4 Revisiting the New International Division of Labour Thesis 79 Part II Country Case Studies Post-neoliberalism in the International Division of Labour: The Divergent Cases of Ecuador and Venezuela 107 vii

8 viii CONTENTS 6 The New International Division of Labour in High-Tech Production : The Genesis of Ireland s Boom in the 1990s New International Division of Labour and Differentiated Integration in Europe: The Case of Spain 157 Part III Sectoral Case Studies Transnational Corporations and the Restructuring of the Argentine Automotive Industry: Change or Continuity? Patterns of State-Led Development in Brazil and South Korea: The Steel Manufacturing Industries 215 Bibliography 245 Index 247

9 NOTES ON THE CONTRIBUTORS Gastón Caligaris gained his PhD in Social Sciences from the University of Buenos Aires. He currently holds a postdoctoral research scholarship from the National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina, and is based at the National University of Quilmes. He also teaches in the Social Science and Philosophy and Letters Faculties of the University of Buenos Aires. He is co- editor of Economic and Political Relations: Contributions for the Study of their Unity based on the Work of Karl Marx (2012, in Spanish), and has published various articles and book chapters in national and international academic presses. Greig Charnock is Senior Lecturer in International Politics at The University of Manchester, where he teaches international political economy, the politics of globalisation, and Marxist critical theory. His most recent research has engaged the open Marxism approach with critical theories of the production of space, and in analyses of crisis formation and management in Spain. He is co-author of The Limits to Capital in Spain (2014), and has published articles in such journals as Antipode, Society and Space, the International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Historical Materialism, New Political Economy, and South Atlantic Quarterly. He is a member of the editorial board of the journal of the Conference of Socialist Economists, Capital and Class. Alejandro Fitzsimons teaches Economic Sociology at the University of Buenos Aires. He is currently a post-doctoral scholar at the National University of Quilmes, with a research project on the evolution of the automotive and oil industries in Argentina between 1960 and His doctoral research studied the forms of valorisation of foreign capital in Argentina in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Other research interests include the dynamics of capital accumulation in Argentina after the crisis of 2001, and general topics of value theory. He is co-editor of ix

10 x NOTES ON THE CONTRIBUTORS Economic and Political Relations: Contributions for the Study of their Unity based on the Work of Karl Marx (2012, in Spanish). Tomás Friedenthal holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Buenos Aires, where he currently teaches Industrial Organisation in the Faculty of Economic Sciences. His research interests are in the fields of the political economy of development, monetary theory and method. Nicolas Grinberg is a Research Fellow for Argentina's National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET). He is based at the Institute for Advanced Social Studies of the National University of San Martín where he also teaches Development Economics. He holds a PhD in Economic History from the London School of Economics and Political Science. His research interests are in the political economy of development (with a regional focus in Latin America and East Asia). He has published his work in the International Review of Applied Economics, the Journal of Contemporary Asia, New Political Economy, and Third World Quarterly, amongst other outlets. Sebastián Guevara is Professor in the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Buenos Aires, and a researcher for the National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina. His research examines trade unions actions as a concrete expression of the accumulation of capital, in Argentina and the rest of Latin America. At the same time, he studies the automotive industry in Argentina and Brazil as particular expressions of the form in which capital accumulation has developed in the region. His principal publications to date are in the journals Razón y Revolución, Revista E-L@tina, Studia Politicae, and Revista Política Hoje. Juan Iñigo Carrera is an independent researcher and director of the Centre for Science as Practical Criticism in Buenos Aires, Argentina, where he leads workshops on Marx s Capital. He also leads courses and research seminars on the critique of political economy, capital accumulation and its political forms in Argentina, and dialectical method at the University of Buenos Aires and the General Sarmiento National University. He is author of the books Capital: Historical Reason, Revolutionary Subjectivity and Consciousness (2013), Child Labour and Capital (2008), Knowing Capital Today: Using Capital Critically, Vol. I (2007), The Economic Formation of Argentine Society: (2007), and Dialectical Knowledge (1992) (all in Spanish), and has published numerous articles and chapters in national and international books and journals. Thomas F. Purcell is Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at Leeds Beckett University, where he teaches courses in the area of Politics and Applied Global Ethics. Until recently, he was Sub-Director of the National Centre for Strategies for the Right to Territory (CENEDET) based at the Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales, Quito, Ecuador. Prior to this, he held research positions

11 NOTES ON THE CONTRIBUTORS xi at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, and at the Universities of Manchester and Nottingham. His research to date has examined the specificities of capitalist development in Ecuador and Venezuela, and also the political economy of Spain and the Eurozone crisis. He is co-author of The Limits to Capital in Spain (2014), and has published several book chapters and articles in journals such as Geoforum, Historical Materialism, the International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Latin American Perspectives, and Science and Society. Ramon Ribera-Fumaz is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Economics and Business and Director of the Urban Transformation Research Group at the Internet Interdisciplinary Institute, both at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. He has authored and co-authored numerous publications on the geographies of capitalism, urban transformation, technology, the knowledge economy, and culture; and in such journals as Society and Space, the European Journal of Urban and Regional Studies, the International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, and Progress in Human Geography. He is co-author of The Limits to Capital in Spain (2014). Guido Starosta is Professor in the History of Economic Thought at the National University of Quilmes and member of the National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina. He has previously held teaching and research positions at the Universities of Manchester and Warwick. His research interests are in the political economy of development (with a regional focus on Latin America), and his work has appeared in Antipode, New Political Economy, and Third World Quarterly. He is currently investigating economic and political forms of the accumulation of capital in Argentina under Kirchnerism. He also works on issues of method and subjectivity in the Marxian critique of political economy. He is author of Marx s Capital, Method and Revolutionary Subjectivity (2016) and co-editor of In Marx s Laboratory (2013). Other publications from this strand of research have appeared in Capital and Class, Historical Materialism, and Science and Society.

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13 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AIFTA ALBA-TCP ARS BNDE BsF CADIVI CET CIDL CICP CPI CSN CST DEC EC EEC EMU EOI EU FASA FDI FTAA GATT GDP IBEX INI IPE Anglo-Irish Free Trade Agreement Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of our America-Trade Agreement of the Peoples peso (national currency of Argentina) Brazilian Development Bank bolivar fuerte (national currency of Venezuela) Comisión de Administración de Divisas (Venezuela) Common External Tariff Classical international division of labour Centre for Research as Practical Criticism Consumer price index Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional Tubarão Steel Company Digital Equipment Corporation European Communities European Economic Community European Monetary Union Export-oriented industrialisation European Union Fabricación de Automóviles SA Foreign direct investment Free Trade Area of the Americas General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Gross domestic product Spanish stock market Instituto Nacional de Industria (Spain) International political economy xiii

14 xiv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ISI ISV IT Mercosur NAFTA NDP II NIDL OECD OEM OPEC PC PDVSA POSCO PPP R&D SEAT SOEs TNC UK USA USD U-W WWI WWII Import substitution industrialisation Independent software vendor Information technology Common market of the Southern Cone North American Free Trade Agreement Second National Development Plan, (Brazil) New international division of labour Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Original equipment manufacturing Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries Personal computer Petróleos de Venezuela Pohang Iron and Steel Company Purchasing power parity Research and development Sociedad Española de Automóviles de Turismo State-owned enterprises Transnational corporation United Kingdom United States of America United States dollar Unix-Workstation First World War Second World War

15 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 3.1 Overvaluation of national currency, Argentina ( ) 69 Fig. 8.1 The automotive wage in Argentina as percentage of the US wage 197 Fig. 8.2 Total agrarian ground rent (millions of 2004 ARS) 201 Fig. 8.3 The real automotive wage in Argentina and USA (1960 = 100) 202 xv

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17 LIST OF TABLES Table 8.1 Largest automotive producer by country, Table 8.2 Automotive production by plant, selected cases (2013) 189 Table 8.3 Vehicles per worker, selected countries 190 Table 8.4 Vehicles per worker, selected plants 190 Table 8.5 Commercial vehicles as percentage of all vehicles ( ) 194 Table 8.6 Commercial vehicles as percentage of all vehicles ( average) 195 Table 8.7 Percentage of vehicles by engine size, selected countries ( ) 195 Table 9.1 Cost of producing cold-rolled coil (USD per ton of finished product) 231 Table 9.2 Cost of producing hot-rolled coil (USD per ton of finished product in 1985) 236 xvii