ivane javaxisvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis iamze mirazanasvili politikuri diskursis zogierti pragmatikuli maxasiatebeli

Transcription

1 ivane javaxisvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti Hhumanitarul mecnierebata fakulteti inglisuri filologia iamze mirazanasvili politikuri diskursis zogierti pragmatikuli maxasiatebeli (qartul da inglisur enata masalaze) ivane javaxisvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis filologiis doqtoris (Ph.D.) akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili d i s e r t a c i a samecniero xelmzrvaneli: filologiis mecnierebata doqtori, asocirebuli profesori nino daraselia T b i l i s i

2 Sinaarsi Sesavali politikuri diskursis zogadi maxasiateblebi. prezidentta gamosvlebi, rogorc politikuri diskursis qvetipi prezidentta gamosvlebis Janrobrivi klasifikacia Tavi 1 enis funqciata realizaciis Taviseburebani prezidentta gamosvlebsi referenciuli funqcia emociuri funqcia konatiuri funqcia fatikuri funqcia metalingvisturi funqcia poeturi funqcia I Tavis daskvna Tavi 2 sametyvelo aqtta lingvisturi realizaciis Taviseburebani prezidentta gamosvlebsi reprezentativebi komisivebi direqtivebi eqspresivebi deklaraciebi sametyvelo aqtebis urtiertmimarteba da hibriduli aqtebi II TavisDdaskvna saerto daskvna gamoyenebuli literatura

3 Sesavali Tanamedrove cxovreba warmoudgenelia politikis garese. TiToeuli Cvengani garkveulwilad CarTulia politikasi. arcevnebsi monawileoba, televiziit axali ambebis mosmena, sagazeto statiebis kitxva, an ubralod megobrebtan mtavrobisa da prezidentis politikuri gadawyvetilebebis da mati SesaZlo Sedegebis ganxilva aris Cveni cxovrebis ganuyofeli nawili. aqedan gamomdinare, sruliad bunebrivia mzardi interesi politikuri diskursisadmi. gansakutrebul interess iwvevs enis is sasualebani, romlebsac politikosebi da gansakutrebit prezidentebi mimartaven xalxze zemoqmedebis mosaxdenad da mattvis sasurveli Sedegebis misarwevad. politika bevrad aris damokidebuli enis gamoyenebaze. politikuri nebis gamoxatulebisa da sazogadoebisatvis gadacemis processi umtavres rols swored ena warmoadgens. swored enis mesveobit xdeba nebismieri politikuri qmedebis momzadeba, ganmarteba, gamartleba, gakontroleba, Sefaseba, kritika da sxva. yovelive aman ganapiroba Cemi interesi-semeswavla politikuri diskursis ert-erti saxeobis, kerzod, prezidentta diskursis zogierti pragmatikuli maxasiatebeli. Temis aqtualobas gansazrvravs lingvistikis Tanamedrove etapze arsebuli mzardi interesi politikuri diskursis da misi pragmatikuli kutxit ganxilvisadmi. nasromis mizania: amerikel da qartvel prezidentta gamosvlebis pragmatikuli maxasiateblebis SepirispirebiTi analizi, rac Tavis mxriv moicavs: a) prezidentta gamosvlebis enis funqciata realizaciis TvalsazrisiT Seswavla; b) prezidentta gamosvlebis sametyvelo aqtta Teoriis TvalsazrsiT ganxilva; 3

4 nasromi aseve warmoadgens saprezidento gamosvlebis Janrobrivi klasifikaciis mcdelobas. nasromis siaxle mdgomareobs SemdgomSi: 1. Seswavlilia enis funqciata realizaciis Taviseburebani amerikel da qartvel prezidentta gamosvlebsi da warmodgeniliaaarnisnul maxasiatebelta SepirispirebiTi analizi; 2. Sepirispirebulia amerikel da qartvel prezidentta gamosvlebsi sametyvelo aqtta realizaciis Taviseburebani; 3. warmodgenilia prezidentta gamosvlebis Janrobrivi klasifikacia; 4. zemot CamoTvlili pragmatikuli maxasiateblebis statistikuri monacmebi warmodgenilia Janrebis mixedvit. sakvlev masalad gamoyenebulia amerikel da qartvel prezidentta 60 gamosvla. kerzod, sakvlevi korpusi moicavs Semdegi amerikeli da qartveli prezidentebis gamosvlebs: qartveli prezidentebi 1) zviad gamsaxurdia; 2) eduard SevardnaZe; 3) mixeil saakasvili. amerikeli prezidentebi, romlebic, satavesi udgnen amerikis SeerTebul Statebs zemot CamoTvlili qartveli prezidentebis morvaweobis periodsi. 4) jorj busi ufrosi (George Herbert Walker Bush); 5) bil klintoni (Bill Clinton); 6) jorj busi umcrosi (George Walker Bush); 7) barak obama (Barack Hussein Obama). kvlevis Teoriul da metodologiur safuzvels qmnis lingvisturi pragmatika (Austin 1962; Jakobson 1960; Leech 1983; Levinson 1983; Mey 1994; Sadock 1988; Schmidt 1985; Searl1969,1979; Stilwell Peccei, 1999; Verschueren 1999; Yule 1996); diskursis da kritikuli diskursis analizi (Cook 1989; Cutting 2002; Fries 1983; Harris 1952; Hatch 1992; McCarthy 1991; Ochs 1979; Tannen 1982; Van Dijk 1985; Weiss & Wodak 2003; Wodak & Chilton 2005); politikuri diskursi (Cap 2006,2008; Chilton 2002, 2004; Chilton 4

5 & Schaffner, 1997; Geis 2006; Hart 2005; Korzi 2004; Lakoff 1996; Lim 2002; Sigelman 1996; Van Dijk, 1997); Janrebis Teoria (Aristotle 1954; Bakhtin 1986; Bitzer 2001; Campbell & Jamieson, 1990; Miller1984; Swales 1990); stilistika (Chilton 1993; Galperin 1977, 1990; Hart 1984; Sosnovskaya 1974; Turner 1977; Verdonk 2003). 1. politikuri diskursis zogadi maxasiateblebi. prezidentta gamosvlebi, rogorc politikuri diskursis qvetipi. politikuri diskursi Tanamedrove diskursis ert-erti umnisvnelovanesi sferoa. rogorc cnobilia, sityva politika etimologiurad berznuli sityidan πολιτικος [politikós] momdinareobs da nisnavs moqalaqes. politikis ganmartebebi jer kidev aristoteles SromebSi gvxvdeba. Tavdapirvelad politika nisnavda adamianebis mier koleqtiuri gadawyvetilebebis mirebis process. drevandeli ganmartebit politika aris termini, romelic arnisnavs samtavrobo an saxelmwifo saqmeebis mmartvelobas. ert-erti ganmartebit, politika aris adamianis qmedebis sfero, romlis mizania moaxdinos garkveuli zemoqmedeba xalxta masebze. politika - esaa ZalauflebisaTvis brzola, sasualeba imisa, rom gaataro garkveuli interesebi da ganaxorcielo ideebi. (Wikipedia Encyclopedia) rogorc ukve arinisna, politikuri nebis gamoxatulebisa da sazogadoebisatvis gadacemis processi umtavres rols ena warmoadgens. swored enis mesveobit xdeba nebismieri politikuri qmedebis momzadeba, ganmarteba, gamartleba, gakontroleba, Sefaseba, kritika da sxva. sxvadasxva akademiuri disciplinebi mati miznebisa da kvlevis metodebis gatvaliswinebit politikur diskurss gansxvavebuli kutxit Seiswavlian. ase magalitad, politologebi ZiriTadad politikuri gadawyvetilebebisa da qmedebebis Sedegebs swavloben, isini interesdebian politikuri realobit, romelic yalibdeba da amastan ertan aisaxeba diskurssi. unda arinisnos, rom samwuxarod politologebi ugulebelyofen politikuri diskursis lingvisturi TvalsazrisiT kvlevas da ar 5

6 itvaliswineben im faqts, rom politikuri diskuris lingvisturi analizi mnisvnelovan socialur, politikur da kulturul informacias izleva. politikuri diskursis cneba, kerzod, Tu ra moiazreba politikur diskurssi, jer kidev sakamatoa (Cap 2006; Chilton 1997; Geis 2006; Van Dijk 1997). jer kidev bolomde ar aris garkveuli rogori diskursi itvleba politikurad. cxadia, rom prezidentebis, an politikosebis gamosvlebi, romelnic asaxaven garkveul politikur movlenebs an gadawyvetilebebs, warmoadgenen politikuri diskursis nimuss. amavdroulad sainteresoa, SeiZleba Tu ara mivakutnot politikur diskurss yoveldriuri metyveleba (werilobiti an zepiri) globaluri politikis Sesaxeb. arnisnuli tipis metyveleba xsir SemTxvevaSi ar moicavs politikur terminebs da miekutvneba araoficialur registrs, Tumca warmoadgens msjelobas politikuri movlenebis Sesaxeb. msgavsi kitxvebi, anu ra saxis diskursi itvleba usualod politikur diskursad, jer kidev pasuxgaucemelia. mkvlevrebs ar gaacniat politikuri diskursis saerto gansazrvreba, amitom mnisvnelovania dadgindes politikuri diskursis specifikuri saerto forma da sazrvrebi. amis mcdeloba diskursis zogiert mkvlevars hqonda. holandieli lingvisti van deiki politikur diskurss Semdegnairad ganmartavs: A class of genres defined by a social domain, namely by politics. (Van Dijk 1997: 11:53). Pamdenad, politikur diskurss igi Janris garkveul klass uwodebs, romelsac gansazrvravs socialuri sfero, kerzod, politika. Tumca aqve arnisnavs, rom politikuri diskursi ar unda Semoifarglebodes mxolod politikosta enit: this clearly cannot be confined to the language of politicians. (Van Dijk 1997: 11:67). politikuri diskursi zogjer sazogadoebrivi sferos enad ganixileba. zogjer politikuri diskursi socio-politikur da aseve sazogadoebriv sferosi enis aqtualur gamoyenebad ganimarteba. (Cap 2008: 40 (1): 17-41) Ciltoni gvtavazobs implicitur ganmartebas Political discourse is the use of language in ways that humans, being political animals, tend to recognize as political. (Chilton 2004:14). igi iziarebs mosazrebas, rom adamiani aris politikuri cxoveli 6

7 da, Sesabamisad, politikur diskursad miicnevs enis imgvar gamoyenebas, rodesac is Tavad adamianis mier ariqmeba politikurad. qsing lus Tanaxmad, politikuri diskursi emsaxureba azrta formirebas da akontrolebs sazogadoebriv azrs. Mmisi roli, funqcia da efeqti universaluria, miuxedavad sazogadoebebis, qveynebisa da saxelmwifo wyobis da rejimebis gansxvavebulobisa. (Lu 1999: 4: ) zogierti enatmecnieri sazogadoebrivi azris enas an agitatoris enas miicnevs politikur diskursad. (Geis 1987: ) amdenad, politikuri diskursi SeiZleba ganvixilot, rogorc mizanmimartuli sazogadoebrivi qmedeba politikur sferosi. politikur diskursad itvleba is diskursi, romelic gvxvdeba mtavrobis Sexvedrebze, saparlamento sesiebze, politikuri partiebis Sexvedrebis dros. agretve diskursi itvleba politikurad, Tu igi politikur garemosi xorcieldeba. Tumca amavdroulad politikuri diskursi ar Semoifargleba mxolod da mxolod amit. politikuri diskuri, rogorc ukve arvnisne, ar aris homogenuri. is Sedgeba rigi qvetipebisagan, Janrebisagan, romlebic gulisxmoben garkveul komunikaciur situacias da komunikantebs. am kriteriumis gatvalsiwinebit, politikuri diskursis analizma SesaZlebelia moicvas enis yvela done da aspeqti (fonetika, fonologia, leqsika, sintaqsi). qristafor harti ganixilavs politikuri diskursis analizis zogad aspeqtebs. igi miicnevs, rom politikuri diskursis analizsi yuradreba unda mieqces Semdeg maxasiateblebs: ertjeradoba unda Sepirispirdes procesualobastan/ TanmimdevrulobasTan, sadac kriteriumi unda iyos dro; mono-/duoteqstualoba Sepirispirdes interteqstualobastan, sadac gatvaliswinebuli unda iyos konteqsti; individualoba Sepirispirdes warmomadgenlobittan, sadac yuradreba oratorobas unda mieqces; pirdapiri, usualo kontaqti unda daupirispirdes masmediis sasualebit gadacemul Setyobinebas; gamiznuloba unda Sepirispirdes tipologiur mravalferovnebastan gamosvlebis tipebis gatvaliswinebit; da diskursis damajerebloba unda iqnes ganxiluli politikuri warmatebulobis kutxit, 7

8 anu ramdenad iqna mirweuli mizani: singularity vs processuality/ sequentiality (criterion:time), mono-/ duotextuality vs intertextuality (context), individuality vs representation (orator), direct contact vs. mass media (medium), genus deliberativum vs. typological diversity (type of speech), and persuasion vs. political (campain) success (aim). (Hart 2005: 2 (2): ) Ppolitikuri diskursi, rogorc iarari-secvalo realoba, ganxilulia piotr capis mier legitimaciis da aproqsimaciis cnebebis gamoyenebit (Cap, 2006, 2008, 2010) zogadad politikuri diskursis lingvisturi analizi SeiZleba warmatebuli iyos im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi Seexeba gamomsvlelis rogorc lingvistur, aseve politikur qcevas. es SesaZlebelia gaketdes ori mimartulebit: SesaZlebelia analizi daviwyot lingvisturi mikro-donit da gavarkviot, Tu ra strategiul funqciebs asruleben konkretuli struqturebi (sityvis arcevani, specifikuri semantikuri struqtura) miznis misarwevad. an SesaZlebelia analizi daviwyot makro-donit, esaa magalitad, teqstis warmoqmneli komunikaciuri situaciebi da funqciebi. orive mimartulebit, politikuri situacia da procesi SesaZlebelia davakavsirot diskursis tipebtan da diskursis organizaciis doneebtan Sualeduri donit, rogoricaa strategiuli funqciebi. (Chilton & Schaffner : 6-23.) boxmanis mosazrebit, politikuri diskursis klasifikacia efuzneba funqciur da Tematur kriteriums. Ppolitikuri teqstebi aris politikis da misi Sedegis nawili; politikuri teqstebi aris istoriulad da kulturulad gamiznuli (Bochman 1986). isini asruleben sxvadasxva funqcias sxvadasxva politikuri aqtivobebis Sesabamisad. Tematika Seexeba umtavresad politikas, aseve politikur RonisZiebebs, politikur ideebs, politikur urtiertobebs da sxv. ert-erti saerto maxasiatebeli politikuri teqstebisatvis aris is, rom umetes SemTxvevaSi politikuri teqstebi gamiznulia farto sazogadoebisatvis. rogorc cnobilia, enis gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT ganasxvaveben Sida da gare politikur komunikacias. Sida politikuri komunikacia moicavs diskursis formebs, romelic xorcieldeba iset politikur institutebsi, 8

9 rogoricaa samtavrobo uwyebebi, partiebi an sxva saxelmwifo struqturebi. esaa teqstebi im konteqstsi, romelic ganixilavs politikur ideebs, rwmenas, sazogadoebis an sazogadoebis nawilis politikur saqmianobas. xolo gare politikuri komunikacia aris mimartuli farto sazogadoebaze, xalxis masebze, e.i. ara politikosebze. arnisnuli orive tipis politikuri komunikacia xorcieldeba sxvadasxvagvari teqstebis, Janrebis mesveobit. Aaseve, politikuri diskursi moicavs Sida-saxelmwifoebriv da garesaxelmwifoebriv diskurss. Tumca, SesaZlebelia politikurma diskursma sxva formebic miiros. politikuri diskursis ganxorcielebisas gamomsvlelebi arian ZiriTadad wamyvani politikosebi, romeltac SeuZliaT mimarton imave politikuri an ideologiuri jgufis wevrebs (magalitad, partiis lideri mimartavs wevrebs), warmodgenili magaliti iqneba Sida politikuri komunikaciis magaliti. gare, magram Sida-saxelmwifoebrivi politikuri komunikaciis nimusi iqneba politikuri mimartva farto sazogadoebisadmi qveynis mastabit. gare-saxelmwifoebrivi politikuri komunikaciis magaliti iqneba wamyvani politikosis mimartva politikosebis an sazogadoebis nawilisadmi sazrvargaret. (Schaffner 1996 Vol.3, No 3.) gai kuki gamoyofs diskursis Semdeg mnisvnelovan qvetipebs: ukuqceviti (reciprocal) da araukuqceviti diskursi (ukukavsiris ar mqone) (non-recifrocal). pirvel SemTxvevaSi msmenelma SeiZleba gavlena iqonios komunikaciis warmartvasa da ganvitarebaze, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi msmenelsa da mosaubres SeiZleba sasualeba ar hqondes usualo komunikaciis damyarebisa. politikuri gamosvlebis SemTxvevaSi, rogoricaa magalitad, prezidentebis mimartvebi, mosaubre anu prezidenti mimartavs auditorias, xolo msmenels mxolod mosmena Tu SeuZlia, anu xorcieldeba araukuqceviti diskursi. (Cook 1989) mnisvenlovania aseve zepiri da werilobiti, monologuri da dialoguri/poliloguri diskursis gamijvnac (Tannen 1989; Shiffrin 1984.) am TvalsazrisiT politikuri diskursi SesaZlebelia iyos nebismieri saxis, rac zemot aris CamoTvlili. 9

10 rogorc ukve arinisna, nasromsi SeswavliliaFpolitikuri diskursis ert-erti Zalze saintereso qve-tipi, kerzod, prezidentebis gamosvlebi. amdenad, prezidentta gamosvlebi zemot ganxiluli mosazreebis Tanaxmad aris (sasurvelia) mwermetyvelebis nimusi, romelic TavisTavSi aertianebs mizans-daarwmunos msmeneli verbaluri sasualebit da miarwios konsensuss sazogadoebasi arsebuli normebis da Rirebulebebis gatvaliswinebit. prezidentta gamosvlebi SeiZleba iyos dagegmili an daugegmavi metyvelebis nimusi. prezidentta gamosvlebi SeiZleba iyos rogorc Sida aseve gare politikuri komunikaciis nimusi, vinaidan isini mimartulia rogorc politikosebis, aseve qveynis da xsirad msoflio mosaxleobisadmi. aseve prezidentta gamosvlebi SeiZleba iyos Sida- saxelmwifoebrivi an/da garesaxelmwifoebrivi. rogorc ukve arvnisne, prezidentta gamosvlebi amave dros aris araukuqceviti diskursis nimusi. yovelive es metyvelebs prezidentta gamosvlebis pragma-lingisturi ganxilvis sawiroebaze eqstralingvisturi, socio-politikuri da kulturuli garemoebebis gatvaliswinebit. 2. prezidentta gamosvlebis Janrobrivi klasifikacia rogorc ukve arinisna, politikur diskurssi calke qvetipad gamoiyofa prezidentta gamosvlebi. mati pragmatikuli maxasiateblebis mixedvit kvlevamde mnisvnelovnad mivicnie momexdina prezidentta gamosvlebis Janrobrivi klasifikacia, rata kvlevisas movicva prezidentta gamosvlebis sruli speqtri. rogorc cnobilia, werilobiti an zepiri komunikaciis klasifikaciis miznit Janrebi aristoteles morvaweobis periodidan gamoiyeneboda. (Aristotle 1954) Janrebis Teoriis xangrzlivi arsebobis miuxedavad, Janri, rogorc diskursis an teqstis arwerisa da analizis kritikuli iarari, meoce saukunemde ar gamokvetila. Janris kritikam ramdenime etapi ganvlo: 10

11 pirveli etapze Janrebis klasifikacia xdeboda mxolod formaluri maxasiateblebis mixedvit. (Bakhtin 1986: ) 1980-ian wlebsi Janrebis mkvlevarta interesma gadainacvla Janrebis zogadi formebis kvlevidan Janris socio-kulturuli midgomis TvalsazrisiT Seswavlisken. moxda werilobiti da zepiri komunikaciis garkveuli zogadi formebis ewqves dayeneba. axali Teoriebi werilobit da zepir komunikacias ganixilavdnen, rogorc socialur pasuxs arsebuli ritorikuli aucileblobis mimart da ara formaluri, zogadi elementebis nakrebs. ama periodsi Janrebis Teoriis ganvitareba meore fazasi Sedis, rac ukavsirdeba Janrebis xelaxal interpretacias socio-kulturuli garemoebebis gatvaliswinebit. (Miller1984: ; Bitzer 2001) vfiqrob, rom prezidentta gamosvlebis analizi Janrobrivi klasifikaciis miznit unda aertianebdes zemot anisnul orive midgomas da kvleva unda itvaliswinebdes rogorc kompoziciur stuqturas, aseve Sinaarsobriv plans, ritorikul gamiznulobas, stils, socio-politikur da kulturul garemoebebs. aseve mnisvnelovania yuradreba mieqces pragmatikul aspeqtebs, kerzod, ra warmoadgens mimartvis gamiznulobas, ra qmedebis mirweva surs mtqmels garkveuli JanrisaTvis damaxasiatebeli gamotqmebit, rogor ariqmeba, ra tipis interpretacias azlevs am Setyobinebebs msmeneli da rogor reagirebs matze. Yyovelive zemot arisnulis gatvaliswineba ki sasualebas mogcems nateli movfinot, Tu ra gzas mimartaven prezidentebi garkveuli miznebis misarwevad da ramdenad efeqturia es perlokuciuri Sedegis mirwevis TvalsazrisiT. prezidentta gamosvlebis Janrebis klasifikaciisas veyrdnobi kempbelis da jeimisonis mier Janrebis kvlevis Sesaxeb SemuSavebul metods (Campbell and Jamieson 1990), rac itvaliswinebs gamosvlebis Janrebad gamoyofas, mati kompoziciur-struqturuli maxasiateblebisa da Sinaarsis mixedvit. amdenad, empiriuli masalis zemot arnisnuli kriteriumebis mixedvit kvlevisas aseve gavitvaliswine calkeuli gamosvlebis warmotqmis 11

12 socialuri, politikuri da kulturuli foni. Sedegad gamovyavi Semdegi Janrebi: I. sainauguracio gamosvla II. winasaarcevno kampaniis dros warmotqmuli sityva III. sityva-angarisi IV. sityva - mimartva V. milocva/ misamzimreba VI. Sewyaleba/ dajildoeba VII. veto-setyobineba VIII. omis ritorika IX. impicmentis Setyobineba X. gamosamsvidobebeli gamosvla ganvixilot Tioeuli Janri: I. inauguracia inglisurenovan specialur literaturasi sainauguracio gamosvlebis Janri yvelaze metad Seswavlili Janria, romelic sxvadasxva perspeqtivit aris gaanalizebuli mkvlevrebis mier. rogorc cnobilia, prezidentebis mier sazeimod ficis dadebis ceremonials inauguracia ewodeba. xolo im sityvas, romelsac prezidentebi konstituciit dadgenili ficis teqsttan ertad warmotqvamen, sainauguracio (saprogramo) sityva ewodeba. inauguracia momdinareobs latinuri sityvidan inauguratio da vebsteris leqsikoni sityvas INAUGURA''TION Semdegnairad ganmartavs: The act of inducting into office with solemnity; investiture with office by appropriate ceremonies. (Tanamdebobis oficialuri dakaveba ritualis dacvit; Tanamdebobis oficialuri dakaveba satanado ceremionialit ) (Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary) miicneven, rom sainauguracio gamosvlebi warmoadgens prezidentebis Zalauflebis gamovlinebas, sadac ena gamoyenebulia, rogorc iarari. (Sigelman 1996: 81-92). sainauguracio gamosvlebi warmoadgens aramxolod 12

13 oficialur gancxadebas, aramed xalxtan komunikaciis wyarosac (Ochs 1979: 64-97). prezidentis inauguracia aramarto konstituciit dadgenili sazeimo da lamazi cermoniaa, aramed mas mnisvnelovani sazogadoebriv-poilitikuri datvirtvac aqvs. is ganasaxierebs saxelmwifo xelisuflebis memkvirdeobasa da ganaxlebas. swored prezidentta sainauguracio gamosvlebi gansazrvravs eris mimartulebas warsulidan uketesi momavlisaken, awmyo drosi gatarebuli RonisZiebebis da gonivruli politikis gzit. prezidentta sainauguracio gamosvlebi asaxavs aramxolod mimdinare politikur situacias, aramed ayalibebs socialuri, kulturuli da politikuri komunikaciis axal formebs. prezidentta sainauguracio sityvebi lingvisturad, socialurad da kogniturad rtulia. isini rogorc struqturit, iseve SinaarsiT da moculobit gansxvavdeba ertmanetisagan, Sesabamisad, Zalze rtulia mati analizi (Chilton 2004:11). swored sirtulis gamo prezidentta sainaguracio sityvebs mravali disciplina, mimartuleba da mecnieri Seiswavlis sxvadasxva kutxit. sainauguracio mimartvebis kvlevis zogierti saintereso aspeqti zogierti mkvlevristvis sainteresoa inauguraciisatvis damaxasiatebeli permanentuli da mtkice Temebis identifikacia, im permanentuli Temebis dadgena, rasac prezidentebi ganixilaven sainauguracio gamosvlebsi (Campbell and Jamieson (2): ; Ericson (4):727-44; Beasley (2):169-83) zogierti mecnieri sainauguracio sityvebs iyenebs imis sacveneblad, rom politikuri sistemebi icvleba drota ganmavlobasi (Chester (4):571-81; Hinckley 1990; Lim (2):328-48; Ryan 1993; Tulis 1987). mecnierebi sxvadasxva sferoebidan (politikuri mecniereba, fsiqologia, komunikacia) aanalizeben sainauguracio gamosvlebs, rogorc masalas, romelic avlens faqtebs prezidentebis Sesaxeb da winaswar gansazrvravs prezidentta qcevebs (Whissell & Sigelman (3): ). aseve mimartavdnen sainauguracio sityvebis analizs prezidentta ritorikis analizis (Beasley (2):178-83; Bradley 1983; Browne (3):409-38; Campbel and Jamieson 1985; Carpenter 2005; Lee 1998; Lucas (4): ; Ryan 1993) an 13

14 politikur sistemasi inauguraciebis semantikis analizis miznit (Chester 1980; Hinckley 1990; Lim 2002; Ryan 1993; Tulis 1987.) smitebma (Smith and Smith 1985) sainaguracio gamosvlebze dayrdnobit saprezidento ritorikisa da martvis Teoriuli CarCos Sesaqmnelad SeimuSaves mnisvnelobis koordinirebuli menejmentis midgoma. am perspeqtivis Tanaxmad, xalxi qmnis mnisvnelobas, im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu is ar arsebobs. smitebi ayalibeben mnisvnelobis ierarqias, romelic eqvsi donisagan Sedgeba: Sinaarsi, sametyvelo aqti, epizodi, urtiertoba, individualuri cxovrebis scenari da kultura. Sinaarsis wesi moqmedebs Cveni azrebis da ideebis arwerisas da fokusirdeba ideasa da sityvas Soris semantikur urtiertobaze. lingvisturi arcevani, rogoricaa magalitad, imedi da xedva emyareba winaswargamiznul kriteriums. xalxi ganasxvavebs sainauguracio gamosvlebis tips sametyvelo aqtebsi gamoyenebuli sityvebis mesveobit, romelsac prezidentebi iyeneben Setyobinebis gadacemisas xmisa da Jest-mimikis aqcentirebit (Whitehead & Smith 2002). epizodebis komunikaciis wesi xazs usvams periodulad ganmeorebad situaciur an scenur faqtorebs, romelic Seesabameba ritorikis aristoteleseul definicias mocemul situaciasi damajereblobis sasualebebis armocenis unars (Aristotle 1954). urtiertobis wesis Sesabamisad, is, ris gaketebasac adamiani apirebs, modificirdeba komunikaciis motxovnebis, sawiroebebis da tabus Sesabamisad. prezidentebs surt auditoriastan (mtavrobis, Jurnalistebis da im pirta CaTvliT, romelic mas ar uwers mxars) sasurveli samusao urtiertobis SenarCuneba. individualuri cxovrebis scenaris wesi acvenebs, Tu rogor aketebs prezidenti arcevans piradi Rirebulebebis, upiratesobebis da normebis safuzvelze. kulturis wesi ki zogadad martavs sazogadoebis komunikaciur aqtivobas. martalia, prezidentebi sainauguracio gamosvlebsi saubroben eris mateuli xedvis Sesaxeb, ert-erti mnisvnelovani aspeqti, rac mkvlevrebma Seiswavles aris is, rom sainauguracio gamosvlebi zogadad, rogorc 14

15 koleqtiuri mtlianoba, warmoadgens wlebis manzilze eris zrdisa da ganvitarebis istorias. Tavdapirvelad amerikeli prezidentebi sainauguracio gamosvlebs iyenebdnen mati gamarjvebis arsanisnavad masin, rodesac ers acnobdnen da uxsnidnen gamarjvebis mnisvnelobas. arnisnuli sabolood gadaizarda xalxis gatvitcnobierebasa da ganatlebasi konstituciuri mmartvelobis mnisvnelobis Sesaxeb.Bbolo dros ass-s prezidentebi sainauguracio mimartvebs iyeneben xalxis gaertianebisa da STagonebis miznit (Denton 1993: IV-VII; Korzi 2004). Sedegad prezidentebi sainauguracio gamosvlebsi mimartaven, Tematikisa da formata mravalferovnebas. miuxedavad Msainauguracio kvlevebis mravalferovnebisa, amerikasi sainauguracio gamosvlebis analizi ZiriTadad ori kutxit ketdeboda: sainauguracio gamosvlebis Temebis dadgena da politikur sistemasi cvlilebis ilustrireba. eriqsonma daadgina inauguraciisatvis damaxasiatebeli 11 Tema (Ericson 1997). korzim Seiswavla prezidentta sainauguracio gamosvlebi amerikis politikis istoriasi xalxsa da prezidentis instituts Soris cvalebadi urtiertobis perspeqtivis dadgenis miznit (Korzi (1):21-52). man sainauguracio gamosvlebis sami modeli gamoyo konstituciuri, partiuli, da plebiscituri - sadac TiToeuli prezidentis mmartvelobis da prezidentis xalxtan urtiertobis gansxvavebul gagebas ayalibebs. limma daadgina da Seiswavla 5 mnisvnelovani cvlileba me-20 saukunis saprezidento ritorikasi. igi ayalibebs azrs, rom mimdinareobs institucionaluri transformacia ritorikis gavrcobis TvaslazrisiT. cvlilebebi SeiZleba arweril iqnes, rogorc anti-inteleqtualuri, abstraqtuli, asertiuli, demokratiuli da sasaubro. lim ganavitara Sefasebis macveneblebi prezidentebis mirwevebis Sesafaseblad da gaaanaliza sainauguracio gamosvlebi, rata daedgina, ramdenad hqondat winamorbed prezidentebs gatavisebuli administraciuli miznebi, rasac sainaguacio gamosvlebsi xalxs hpirdebodnen. (Lim (2):339-48) 15

16 Kkengma administraciuli ideoloogis kutxit sainauguracio gmosvlebis arsebuli kvlevebis Rirsebani da naklovanebani Seiswavla. man ganixila sainauguracio gamoyenebuli 936 Rirebulebis mqone termini da analizi gauketa administraciuli sistemis ideologiur indeqss sixsiris martivi analizis gamoyenebit. (Kang 2006: ) ert-erti midgoma, romelic prezidentta komunikaciis ritorikis bunebis gagebas uzrunvelyofs, aris literaturuli stilis Seswavla. sainauguracio gamosvlis literaturuli stilis Seswavla SesaZlebelia misi sam mimartulebad dayofis gzit. pirveli mimartuleba moicavs literaturuli gamonatqvamebis rogorc viwro, aseve zogad analizs. am perspeqtivit literaturuli stili moicavs personalur gamonatqvamebs, romelic individis bunebis da identobis Sesabamisad unikaluria. sainauguracio gamosvlebis stilis analizi SesaZlebelia statistikuri informaciis an xarisxobrivi arweris gamoyenebit, rogoricaa magalitad, teqstebis sigrzis, sityvebis raodenobis da sixsiris Seswavla. (Kowal (1): 1-31; Miller& Stiles (1):72-81; Whissell, (4): ) arnisnuli tipis analizi ZiriTadad moicavs sityvasi marcvlebis raodenobis, winadadebasi sityvebis raodenobis, sityvebis sigrzis, winadadebebis sigrzis, abzacebis sigrzis, konkretuli sityvebis gamoyenebis sixsiris, punqtuaciis, diskursis markerebis, pirveli piris mravlobiti ricxvis da teqstsi gamoyenebuli sintaqsuri struqturebis ganxilvas. xolo stilisturi Rirebuleba eniweba lingvistur elementebs, romlebic isviatad gvxvdeba (Yeager : 29-36). sainauguracio gamosvlebis literaturuli stilis analizi aseve SesaZlebelia maqsimaluri efeqtis misarwevad lingvisturi gamonatqvamebis uamravi erteulidan satanados arcevis kvlevit. sainauguracio gamosvlebsi literaturuli stili aris lingvisturi elementebis seleqciuri gamoyeneba, rac gulisxmobs sasurveli enobrivi erteulis SerCevas mosaubris faseulobebis da msoflxedvis gatvaliswinebit (Hart (2): ; McDevitt (1,2,3):18-24; Sigelman, (1):81-92). arnisnulit SesaZlebelia stilis maqsimalurad efeqturi gamoyeneba da garkveuli qarizmas mirweva. 16

17 sainauguracio gamosvlis, rogorc politikuri diskursis ert-erti Janris kvlevas kempbeli da jeimisoni awarmoebdnen. (Campbell & Jamieson, 1990) mati mosazrebit, prezidentta sainauguracio gamosvlebi Janrobrivad gansxvavdeba da gamoirceva prezidentta diskursis sxva formebisagan, es namdvilad asea, vinaidan sainauguracio mimartvebi epideiqturi an ceremonialuri ritorikis nimusia. avtorebi amtkiceben, rom sainauguracio gamosvlebi moicavs otx ZiriTad elements, romelic mimartulia ara aqtivobisaken, aramed ganwvretisaken. mati mosazrebit, sainauguracio gamosvlebis mizania: auditoriis gaertianeba, rogorc xalxis, romelic aris ceremonialis mowme da ratifikatori; warsulidan memkvidreobit mirebuli saerto faseulobebis gameorebaganxilva; im politikuri principebis wamoweva, romlitac axali administracia ixelmzrvanelebs martvelobisas; Cveneba imisa, rom prezidenti afasebs armasrulebeli funqciebis motxovnebsa da limitebs. sainauguracio gamosvlis Janri xasiatdeba: xalxis faseulobebis gansjit; informaciis da sakitxebis SefasebebiT; politikuri xazis rekomendaciebit. empiriuli masala moicavs qartveli prezidentebis 5 sainauguracio gamosvlas da amerikeli prezidentebis 6 sainauguracio gamosvlas. specialuri literaturis Seswavlisa da emipiriul masalaze dakvirvebis safuzvelze davadgine sainauguracio gamosvlebis, rogorc Janris Semdegi struqturuli maxasiateblebi: 1. Sesavali, romelic moicavs misalmebis da madlobis gamomxatvel Tavazian formebs damswre sazogadoebis mimart. amerikel prezidentta sainauguracio gamosvlebsi aseve aucilebel elements warmoadgens madlobis gamomxatveli frazebi, romelic mimartulia winamorbedi 17

18 prezidentisadmi. arnisnuli monakveti ar gxvdeba qartveli prezidentebis sainauguracio gamosvlebsi garkveuli istoriuli movlenebi gamo. 2. ZiriTadi nawili moicavs: prezidentebis ZiriTad Setyobinebebs qveynis mdgomareobis, mati xedvisa da Rirebulebebis Sesaxeb; rekomendaciebs, Tu ra unda gaketdes mtavrobis da sazogadoebis mier, rata qveyana da sazogadoeba (sazogadoebrivi wyobis, sazogadeobis martvis CaTvliT) prezidentis mier danaxul idealur samyarostan movides SesabamisobaSi. 3. daskvniti nawili moicavs damasrulebel direqtiul da eqspresiul frazebs. arsanisnavia, rom zemot arnisnuli Janrebidan sainauguracio gamosvlebis Janri yvelaze metad aris Seswavlili inglisurenovan specialur literaturasi. sxva Janrebis mimart naklebi interesi arsebobs mkvlevrebs Soris da sawiroebs Semdgom sirrmiseul kvlevas. II. winasaarcevno kampaniis dros warmotqmuli sityva inglisurenovan specialur literaturasi aqtiurad ganixileba winasaarcevno kampania sxvadasvxa perspeqtivit (Dinkin 1989; Paquette 2006; Thurber 2004), Tumca naklebi yuradreba eqceva usualod winasaarcevno sityvebs, rogorc prezidentta diskursis ert-ert Janrs. arnisnul Janrs ar gaacnia arsebobis xangrzlivi istoria, vinaidan Tavad winasaarcevno kampaniis dros warmotqmuli sityva axali produqtia politikasi Tumca Zalze mnisvnelovani. amerikasi winasaarcevno kampaniis gamosvlebi me-19 saukunesi gamoikveta da gansakutrebuli mastabi ukve me saukunebsi SeiZina (Wikipedia Encyclopedia). kidev ufro axali produqtia is qartul politikasi. prezidentebi swored arnisnuli JanriT wardgebian sazogadoebis winase da warmoacenen sakutar Tavs. winasaarcevno kampania sareklamo kampaniis msgavsia. aq warmatebuli kampaniis winapiroba aris kargad dawerili sityva - efeqturad SefuTuli da warmotqmuli koherentuli Setyobineba (Snyder 2000). vinaidan swored 18

19 winasaarcevno gamosvla warmoacens kandidats, waradgens mas imgvarad, rom igi mimzidveli iyos amomrcvelisatvis da media sasualebebisatvis. Zalian bevri kargad cnobili politikosi an prezidenti sazogadoebas axsovs swored winasaarcevno gamosvlebsi gamoyenebuli SetyobinebebiT. Cems mier Seswavlili empiriuli masala mocavs qartveli prezidentebis 3 da amerikeli prezidentebis 4 winasaarcevno kampaniis dros warmotqmul gamosvlebs. arnisnuli gamosvlebis Seswavlis Sedegad gamoirkva, rom winasaarcevno gamosvlebi gamoirceva lakonurobita da eqspresiulobit. winasaarcevno gamosvlis aucilebeli nawilia sworad SerCeuli aqcentebi, slogani da topikaluri winadadeba. msmenelis mimart gacemuli Setyobineba unda iyos martivi, rata xalxma SeZlos misi damaxsovreba da aseve SesaZlebeli unda iyos Setyobinebis dakavsireba kandidattan asociaciurad. SerCeuli Setyobineba unda iyos kargad gaazrebuli da Tanmimdvruli, rata amomrcevelma satanadod gaitavisos. xsirad SerCeuli Setyobineba aris ganzogadebuli xasiatis, rata moizidos ufro meti mxardamweri da/an amomrceveli. SerCeuli Setyobinebis Tema unda iyos pozitiuri da arapolemikuri, magalitad, barak obamas Tanmimdevruli, martivi Setyobinebis sakvanzo sityva winasaarcevno kampaniis dros iyo cvlileba change", "change you can believe in". barak obamam saxeli daimkvidra, rogorc daxelovnebulma oratorma, vinaidan frazit "Yes we can" milionobit mxardaweri moipova, gamoarviza xalxis optimizmi, daarwmuna isini, rom SesaZlebelia arsebuli ekonomikuri da politikuri gamowvevebis dazleva. mixeil saakasvilis damamaxsovrebeli da STambeWdavi slogani, rac xalxma aitaca da yoveldriur cxovrebasi sxvadasvxa konteqstsi xsirad gvxvdeba, aris fraza gasaketebeli kidev bevria, rac pirvelad saakasvilis ritorikasi 2008 wlis winasaarcevno kampaniis dros gamocnda. III. sityva - angarisi es aris prezidentta yovelwliuri sityva-angarisi qveynis politikuri da ekonomikuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, romelic konstituciis Sesabamisad Tavdapirvelad mimartuli iyo, qartul realobasi parlamentarebis mimart, 19

20 xolo amerikis SemTxvevaSi kongresmenebis mimart. Tanamedrove teqnologiurma mirwevebma msmenelis ariali mkvetrad gazarda, vinaidan dres prezidentebis angarisebi pirdapiri eterit gadaicema radioti, televiziita da internetit. amdenad, dres prezidentta sityva-angarisi sruliad mosaxleobisadmia mimartuili, ramac garkveulwilad mati transformacia moaxdina, rogorc struqturuli, aseve ritorikuli TvalsazrisiT. evoluciurad Seicvala sityva-angarisis formati da sigrze. Eempiriuli masalis Seswavlam, romelic moicavs prezidentta arnisnuli Janris 7 gamosvlas cxadyo, rom ucvleli rceba ZiriTadi Temebi, rac am Janris gamosvlebsi ganixileba. warsulis gaxseneba, yuradrebis gamaxvileba momavalze da optimizmi sityva-angarisis Janris aucilebeli elementebia. dres sityva- angarissi arwerilia qveynis mimdinare ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri vitareba. aseve, mocemulia samomavlo sakanonmdeblo iniciativebi da garkveuli ritorikuli argumentebi. sityva-angarisi gansakutrebit aqtualizebulia enis referenciuli funqcia, rac gulisxmobs faqtebisa da statistikuri monacemebis gamoyenebas. prezidentis yovelwliur angariss axasiatebs sajaro meditacia faseulobebis Sesaxeb, informaciisa da sakitxebis Sefaseba da politikuri rekomendaciebis gacema. unda arinisnos, rom prezidentebis sityva-angarisebi gansxvavdeba, imis mixedvit warmotqmulia es angarisi arcevnebis, an xelaxali arcevnebis Tu xelisuflebis mier garkveuli warmatebebis mirwevis Semdeg. xsir SemTxvevaSi isini orientirebulia media sasulebebze im miznit, rom angarisis masalebi satanadod gasuqdes masmediasi. miuxedavad garkveuli qve-tipebisa arnisnuli Janris gamosvlebi formaluri maxasiateblebis TvalsazrisiT moicavs Semdeg saerto struqturul elementebs: 1. Sesavali, sadac prezidentebi miesalmebian auditoriasa da mowveul gansakutrebul stumrebs, exmianebian an arweren qveyanasi momxdar movlenebs. 2. ZiriTadi nawili moicavs warsulis gaxsenebasa da Sepirispirebas awymostan, mirweul fundametur cvlilebebze, ekonomikur 20

21 reformebze, dazleul safrtxeebze, stabilur ganvitarebaze da zogadad dadebit Sedegebze fokusirebis gzit. 3. daskvniti nawili ZiriTadad Semoifargleba samomavlo gegmebis arwerita da rekomendaciebit IV. sityva - mimartva (sagangebo) sityva mimartvis mizani sxvadasxvagvaria iseve, rogorc mati struqtura. prezidentis mimartva SeiZleba sxvadasxva faqts an garemoebas Seexebodes. arnisnuli Janris mimartvebs sxvadasxva adresati hyavs. zogjer prezidentebi sagangebo mimartvit mimartaven sazogadoebis sxvadasxva seqtors konkretul sakitxtan dakavsirebit an zogadad xalxs. aseti zogadi mimartva iyo magalitad, prezident saakasvilis 2008 wlis 1 seqtembris mimartva cocxali jawvis monawileebisadmi an prezident busis 2001 wlis 11 seqtembris mimartva amerikeli xalxisadmi. zogjer prezidentebi usualod mtavrobas mimartaven, garkveuli mititebebis micemis miznit. nasromsi arnisnuli Janris 6 mimartva aris Seswavlili. V. milocva/ misamzimreba milocva moicavs prezidentta fatikuri tipis gamosvlebs, rodesac isini garkveul religiur an saero dresaswauls ulocaven mosaxleobas. zogjer ki prezidentebi misamzimrebis sityvebs warmotqvamen, ritac Tanadgomas gamoxataven ubeduri SemTxveviT an stiqiit dazaralebulta mimart, an samzimars gamotqvamen cnobili adamianis gardacvalebastan dakavsirebit. arnisnuli ori tipi ert JanrSi ertiandeba, vinaidan mat msgavsi struqtura da socialur-kulturuli datvirtva gaacniat. prezidentta diskurssi xsiria arnisnuli Janris mimartvebi, rac ZiriTadad klisirebuli teqstit gadmoicema. Eempiriuli masala moicavs arnisnuli Janris 8 gamosvlas. VI. Sewyaleba/dajildoeba 21

22 empiriuli masala moicavs amerikel da qartvel prezidentta arnisnuli Janris 8 gamosvlas, saidanac 2 gamosvla aris Sewyalebis da 6 gamosvla ki dajildoebis Sesaxeb. Sewyalebis da/an dajildoebis Sesaxeb gaketebuli gancxadeba prezidentta ketili nebis gamoxatulebaa. is moicavs sam ZiriTad elements. esenia: 1. prezidenti simbolurad, rogorc saxelmwifos metauri, asrulebs movaleobas/rols misi uflebamosilebis farglebsi; 2. arnisnuli Janris gamosvlasi yoveltvis aris gancxadebuli, rom SerCeulia am qmedebisatvis satanado dro; 3. SewyalebaSi yoveltvis ganmartebulia, rom Sewyaleba mnisvnelovania saxalxo ketildreobis TvalsazrisiT, xolo dajildoebis SemTxvevaSi yoveltvis arnisnulia, rom jildo adamians gadaecema pativiscemis nisnad gansakutrebuli wvlilisa da damsaxurebisatvis. VII. veto-setyobineba arnisnuli Janris gamosvlebi ar gvxvdeba xsirad, Tumca mnisvnelovania mati calke Janrad gamoyofa. empiriuli masala moicavs am Janris 2 gamosvlas. veto-setyobineba aris pasuxi konkretul sakanonmdeblo nawilze, gamoxatavs prezidentis winaarmdegobas garkveul sakitxtan mimartebasi. misi mizania, rom moxdes vetodadebuli sakitxis xelaxali ganxilva satanado struqturebsi. VIII. omis ritorika omis ritorika calke Janrad gamoiyofa, vinaidan mas axasiatebs garkveuli ganmasxvavebeli Taviseburebani. empiriuli masala moicavs omis Tematikaze warmotqmul amerikel prezidentta 4 gamosvlas da qartvel prezidentta aseve 4 gamsovlas. masalis analizma Semdegi sakitxebi gamokveta: 1. omis Sesaxeb warmotqmuli sityva aris kargad gaazrebuli produqti; 2. xdeba garkveuli movlenebis an faqtebis strategiulad Secvlili saxit reprezentacia; 22

23 3. qronologiuri narativi arwers garkveul Zalismier intervencias, mocemulia arsebuli garemoebebis gansja da gamotanilia Sesabamisi argumentirebuli daskvnebi; 4. omis Sesaxeb warmotqmul sityvasi yoveltvis gancxadebulia, rom mirebulia garkveuli problemis Zalismieri metodit mogvarebis gadawyvetileba, aseve ganmartebulia, rom im momentsi problemis gadawris sxva gza ar arsebobs; 5. gamosvlasi xdeba ara mxolod Zalis gamoyenebis gamartleba, aramed prezidentis, rogorc Zalauflebis mqone mtavarsardlis legitimacia; 6. xdeba msenelis darwmuneba imasi, rom problemis gadasawrelad sawiroa ertsulovneba da ertoblivi Zalisxmeva da kontribucia. IX. impicmentis Setyobineba prezidentis impicmenti dris wesrigsi dgeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi arrvevs ficss, romelsac prezidenti konstituciis Tanaxmad Tanamdebobis dakavebis win debs. saqartvelos 1995 wlis konstitituciis 71-e muxlis Tanaxmad, saqartvelos axlad arceuli prezidenti warmotqvams saprogramo sityvas (anu sainauguracio sityvas) da debs Semdeg fics: me, saqartvelos prezidenti, RvTisa da eris winase vacxadeb, rom davicav saqartvelos konstitucias, qveynis damoukideblobas, ertianobasa da ganuyoflobas, ketilsindisierad arvasruleb prezidentis movaleobas, vizruneb Cemi qveynis moqalaqeta usafrtxoebisa da ketildreobisatvis, Cemi xalxisa da mamulis arorzinebisa da ZlevamosilebisaTvis. (saqartvelos konstitucia, 1995: 71-e muxli) amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis konstituciis muxli ori, Tavi erti, paragrafi rvas mixedvit amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis prezidenti sanam igi Seudgeba prezidentis movaleobebis arsrulebas debs Semdegi saxis fics: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will do the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States." (The United States Constitution, Aricle 2, Clause 8). 23

24 prezidentis instituts, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebisagan gansxvavebit, saqartvelosi daaxloebit 20 wlis istoria aqvs. prezidentis instituti saqartvelosi 1991 wlis aprilsi saqartvelos damoukideblobis ardgenis Semdeg SemoiRes. Tumca garkveuli mcdelobebi prezidentis institutis dawesebastan dakavsirebit wlebsic iyo saqartvelosi wlebsi saqartvelosi ganxorcielbulma movlenebma ganapiroba prezidentis institutis gauqmeba, magram mogvianebit igi aradgina saqartvelos 1995 wlis konstituciam. Ddamoukidebeli saqartvelos istoriasi sul rigit mesame prezidenti udgas satavesi qveyanas. arc erti matganis impicmenti ar ganxilula parlamentis mier, Tumca adgili hqonia garkveul mcdelobebs. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi ki prezidentis institutis yvelaze xangrzlivi istoriit gamoirceva da rigit 44-e prezidents itvlis. amerikis prezidentta institutis istoriasi yofila SemTxveva, rodesac impicmentis SiSiT dautovebiat prezidentis Tanamdeboba (ricard niqsoni). Cem mier Seswavlili prezidentebis SemTxvevaSi impicments adgili ar hqonia (unda arinisnos, rom impicmentis riski garkveulwilad bil klintons daemuqra, Tumca ar ganxorcielebula) Sesabamisad, ar warmotqmula arnisnuli Janris gamosvlebi prezidentebis mier. Tumca, zogadad, arnisnuli Janris gamosvlebsi prezidenti mimartavs Tavis martlebas, rom mis mier dadebuli fici ar darrveula. prezidenti arnisnavs, rom upirveles yovlisa prezidenti pasuxs agebs xalxis da konstituciis winase da ara mat winase, vinc mas cils swamebs. X. gamosamsvidobebeli gamosvla gamosamsvidobebel gamosvlas axasiatebs garkveuli Taviseburebani. gamosamsvidebeli sityvebi warmoitqmis prezidentebis mier masin, rodesac isini asruleben saprezidento vadas da xalxis winase warsdgebian Semdegi prezidentisatvis xelisuflebis gadacemisas. arnisnuli Janris gamosvlasi xdeba mtavrobis saqmianobisa da mirwevebis Sejameba. gamosamsvidobebel gamosvlasi yoveltvis Cans rogorc prezidentis, aseve misi administraciis, individualizmi da maxasiatebeli. msgavs SemTxvevas, samwuxarod, 24

25 saqartvelosi garkveuli politikuri garemoebebis gamo adgili jerjerobit ar hqonia. imedia qartveli eri uars ityvis qveynis mtavrobis cvlilebis Zalismier metodebze (samoqalaqo omze an revoluciaze) da xelisuflebis arcevnebis gzit Secvlis tradicia saqartvelosic damkvidrdeba. Aamdenad, arnisnuli Janri mxolod amerikel prezidentta diskurssi gxvdeba. empiriuli masala moicavs am Janris 3 gamosvlas. 25

26 Tavi 1 enis funqciata realizaciis Taviseburebani prezidentta gamosvlebsi winamdebare TavSi prezidentta gamosvlebs ganvixilav ert-erti pragmatikuli aspeqtis, kerzod, enis funqciata realizaciis TvalsazrisiT. rogorc cnobilia, enatmecnierebasi arsebobs enis funqciata sxvadasxva klasifikacia. (Halliday 1973; Turner 1977; Leech 1983). vfiqrob, rom roman iakobsoni izleva enis funqciebis srul analizsa da klasifikacias, swored amitom prezidentta gamosvlebis enis funqciebis TavalsazrisiT kvlevisas veyrdnobi mis klasifikacias (Jakobson 1976). rogorc cnobilia, iakobsonma sakomunikacio aqti dayo elementebi da TiToeuli elementi daakavsira enis funqciebtan. iakobsonis mixedvit, verbaluri komunikacia Sedgeba eqvsi elementisagan, an faqtorisagan: 1. konteqsti (ko-teqsti, samyaro/garemo, sadac Setyobinebas aqvs adgili); 2. adresanti (Setyobinebis gamcemi); 3. adresati (Setyobinebis mimrebi); 4. kontaqti adresantsa da adresats Soris; 5. saerto kodi da 6. Setyobineba. arnisnuli faqtorebi aisaxeba 6 funqciasi (Jakobson, 1960: 33-48). Sesabamisad, iakobsoni gamoyofs enis eqvs ZiriTad funqcias: 1. referenciuli funqcia, romelic mimartulia Setyobinebis referenciul Sinaarsze; 2. emociuri/eqspresiuli funqcia, romelic mimartulia mosaubris/adresantis emociur mdgomarebaze; 3. konatiuri funqcia, romelic mimartulia enis im aspeqtebze, romelta mizania, gamoiwvion adresatis reaqcia ama Tu im Setyobinebaze; 26

27 4. fatikuri funqcia, romelic mimartulia enis gamoyenebaze kontaqtis damyarebisa da SenarCunebis miznit; 5. M metalingvisturi funqcia, romelic mimartulia enis sistemaze, rogorc mosaubreta mier gamoyenebul kodze; 6. poeturi funqcia, romelic gansazrvravs, Tu ra sasualebebit aris kodirebuli esa Tu is Setyobineba. komunikaciis faqtorebisa da enis funqciebis sqema ase SeiZleba gamovsaxot: samizne faqtori da funqcia samizne faqtori faqtoris wyaro funqcia 1 konteqsti Setyobineba referenciuli 2 gamcemi/adresanti Setyobineba emociuri 3 mimrebi/ adresati Setyobineba konatiuri 4 kontaqti Setyobineba fatikuri 5 kodi Setyobineba metalingvisturi 6 mesiji/ Setyobineba Setyobineba poeturi vinaidan iakobsonis enis funqciebis klasifikacia moicavs yvela mnisvnelovan aspeqts da sistemur xasiats atarebs, mnisvnelovnad mivicnie prezidentta gamosvlebis Seswavla TiToeuli funqciis realizaciis kutxit, rata damedgina, Tu ra funqciit iyeneben prezidentebi sxvadaxva enobriv sasualebebs, Tu ra xerxebs mimartaven isini msmenelisatvis sasurveli Setyobinebebis gadasacemad da sasurveli perlokuciuri efeqtis misarwevad. 27

28 1.1. referenciuli funqcia prezidentta ZiriTadi intencia gamosvlebis dros aris garkveuli SetyobinebebiT faqtobrivi informaciis miwodeba msmenelisatvis, rata man SeZlos movlenebis arqma-identificireba. prezidentta gamosvlebsi faqtobrivi informaciis gadacemisas Rirebulia statistikuri monacemebis gamoyeneba, vinaidan aseti saxis informacia gamosvlas ufro damajerebels da sandos xdis. referenciuli funqcia prezidentta gamosvlebsi realizdeba faqtobrivi informaciis gadacemit, romelic zogjer gamyarebulia statistikuri monacemebit, rasac gamosvlis daaxloebit erti mesamedi nawili ukavia. Tumca aqve unda arinisnos, rom sxvadasxva gamosvlasi informatiulobis done gansxvavebulia. I) faqtobrivi informacia prezidenti gamsaxurdia (1) arwers im faqtebs, ramac ganapiroba qartveli eris udidesi gamarjeba. Faqtebis CamonaTvali reprezentativis tipis aqtebit aris gadmocemuli: (1) 1991 wlis 31 marti da 9 aprili qartveli eris da erovnuli xelisuflebis udidesi gamarjvebaa. Eerovnulma xelisuflebam gatarebuli umnisvnelovanesi cvlilebebis, mravalpartiulobis iuridiuli da faqtobrivi damkvidrebis, mtavrobis reorganizaciis, adgilobrivi mmartvelobis institutebis sakrebuloebis da prefeqturebis SemoRebis, prezidentis institutis dawesebis Sedegad, saprezidento respublikis saxit daamkvidra demokratiuli politikuri sistema. (z.g ) qvemot mocemul amonaridsi (2) prezident saakasvilis intencia aris xalxis informireba qveyanasi arsebuli problemebis Sesaxeb. (2) mnisvnelovnad Seferxda investiciebi, TiTqmis yvela didi sawarmo ganicdis problemebs, radgan msoflio bazarze katastrofulad daeca fasebi mat produqciaze, droebit, magram mainc ikargeba samusao adgilebi, xalxi mzime mdgomareobasia, uamravi ojaxi ebrzvis umusevrobasa da siraribes. (m.s ) 28

29 Semdeg magalitsi (3) prezidenti obama atyobinebs xalxs, rom krizisis miuxedavad grzeldeba cxovreba. igi stilisturi CamonaTvalis mesveobit uziarebs mosaxleobas mosazrebas, rom amerikeli xalxis unari ar Semcirebula, rom amerikel ers gaacnia Zala da goneba, rata gaagrzelos produqciis warmoeba da momsaxurebis uzrunvelyofa. (3) This is the journey we continue today. We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth. Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished. (B.O ) me- 4 magalitsi prezidenti busi 2001 wlis 11 seqtembris Setevis Semdeg mosaxleobas gadascems informacias msoflios koleqtiuri survilis Sesaxeb, daexmaros amerikis SeerTebul Statebs. igi acnobs xalxs usualod im qveynebs, romlebmac gamoxates survili, monawileoba miiron teroristebis winaarmdeg brzolasi. asve atyobinebs msmenels, rom 40-ze metma qveyanam mianiwa amerikas sahaero tranzitis da dasvebis ufleba. (4) We are joined in this operation by our staunch friend, Great Britain. Other close friends, including Canada, Australia, Germany and France, have pledged forces as the operation unfolds. More than 40 countries in the Middle East, Africa, Europe and across Asia have granted air transit or landing rights. Many more have shared intelligence. We are supported by the collective will of the world (G.W.B ). P II) statistikuri monacemebit gamyarebuli faqtobrivi informacia qvemot mocemul magalitebsi faqtobriv informaciastan ertad prezidentebi mosaxleobas garkveul kvantitatiur informaciasac awvdian, rac gamyarebulia statistikuri monacemebit. es aris xalxis manipulirebis ertgvari xerxi, vinaidan ricxvebit gamyarebuli faqtebi metad damajerebels da emfaturs xdis gamonatqvams. (1) atobit atasi Cveni moqalaqe araadamianuri etnikuri wmendis Sedegad sakutari saxl-karidan gamodevnili armocnda. Cven mogvikles 166 patrioti jariskaci, 16 samagalito policieli da 220 msvidobiani, sruliad udanasaulo moqalaqe... saqartvelos 29

30 Tavs daesxnen 7 sxvadasxva mimartulebidan, 80 atasiani armiit da atasobit sabrzolo teqnikis erteulit, Cven gvbombavda 200-ze meti TviTmfrinavi. (m.s ) (2) Four Americans have now died from anthrax out of a total of 17 people who have been infected. The Postal Service has processed more than 30 billion pieces of mail since September 11 th. (G.W.B ). zemot moyvanil magalitebsi natlad Cans, rom prezidentta gamosvlebsi referenciuli funqcia metwilad reprezentativebis tipis sametyvelo aqtebit aris gadmocemuli, vinaidan swored asertivi/ reprezentativis tipis sametyvelo aqtebi emsaxureba faqtobrivi informaciis gadacemas emociuri funqcia kvlevam gamoavlina, rom emociuri/eqspresiuli funqciis realizacia prezidentta gamosvlebsi xorcieldeba enis sxvadasxva doneze, ristvisac gamoiyeneba stilisturi Rirebulebis mqone enobrivi erteulebi, Sesityvebebi, frazebi, martivi an rtuli konstruqciebi, winadadebebi. mati mesveobit gadmocemulia mosaubris grznobebi da damokidebuleba. enis emociuri funqciis ganxorcielebasi gansakutrebit did rols TamaSobs leqsika. prezidentta gamosvlebsi sityvis denotatiur mnisvnelobastan ertad gansakutrebit sainteresod gamoiyeneba sityvis rogorc dadebiti, aseve uaryofiti konotaciuri mnisvnelobebi. vinaidan sityvis konotaciuri mnisvnelobebis gadacema uketaa SesaZlebeli stilisturi xerxebis mesveobit, prezidentebi xsirad mimartaven metaforebis gamoyenebas sakutar mimartvebsi, radgan, rogorc cnobilia, metafora saleqsikono da konteqstualuri mnisvnelobebis urtiertobas efuzneba (Galperin 1990; Sosnovskaya 1974). magalitad, prezidenti busi 2001 wlis 11 seqtembris gamosvlasi amerikel xalxs Tavisuflebis yvelaze manatobel SuqurasTan aigivebs: 30

31 we're the brightest beacon for freedom and opportunity in the world. (G.W.B ) metafora beacon -is gamoyenebit da am sityvis dadebiti konotaciebis (gzis macvenebeli Suqura; manatobeli varskvlavi; nateli gza; bednierebis momaswavebeli; imedis sxivi, romelic miuzrvis mezrvaurebs xmeletisaken), aseve mnisvnelobis gamazlierebeli armatebiti xarisxis zedsartavi saxelis brightest gamoyenebit prezidenti ufro eqspresiulad gadascems msmenels informacias. sainteresoa, rom prezidenti busi 2005 wlis 10 maiss Tavisuflebis moedanze qartveli xalxisadmi warmotqmul sityvasi saqartvelos imave metaforit moixseniebs. aseve unda arinisnos, rom arnisnuli metafora imdenad gacvda xmarebasi, rom ukve klisedac SeiZleba CaiTvalos Georgia is today both sovereign and free, and a beacon of liberty for this region and the world. (G.W.B ) prezidenti saakasvili saqartvelos arweras da saxeldebas Semdegi metaforebit axdens: (saqartvelo aris demokratiulobis) mtavari medrose ; Tbilisi aris Tavisuflebis axali zrude da karibwe ; dres Cveni qartuli, cocxali jawvisagan iqsoveba axali jawvis perangi, rogorc arasdros didi da Zlieri jawvis perangi (m.s ). prezidenti busis msgavsad, sworad gamoyenebuli metaforebis damatebiti dadebiti Sefasebebis mesveobit emociurad gadascems msmenels sakutar damokidebulebas. prezidenti busi 2001 wlis 11 seqtembris gamosvlasi acxadebs, rom amerika Suryeveli da Zlieria, SeuZlebelia amerikis fundamentis da simtkicis rrveva, am azris gamosaxatavad igi isev metaforebs mimartavs: Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve.(g.w.b ) arnisnul magalitsi gamoiyeneba arasruli paraleluri konstruqciebi da antiteza, rac kidev ufro amzafrebs gadmocemul azrs. (magalitebs sintaqsis doneze qvemot ganvixilavt) prezidentta gamosvlebsi mravlad vxvdebit epitetebs, amitom kvlevasi yuradreba gavamaxvile zedsartavi saxelit gadmocemul 31

32 epitetebze da im mnisvnelobebze, romlebic am epitetebis gamoyenebit gadaecema msmenels. magalitad, prezidenti busi 2001 wlis 11 seqtembris gamosvlasi acxadebs A great people has been moved to defend a great nation mimartavs ra gameorebas sityvisa great xalxsi, msmenelsi sidiadis grznobis garvivebas cdilobs da mat udidesi eris warmomadgenlebs uwodebs, rac, ra Tqma unda, msmenelsi siamayis grznobas iwvevs. prezidenti busi teroristuli aqtis dasagmobad epitetebs ar isurebs da am saxis qmedebas despicable acts of terror, xolo teroristuli aqtis ganmaxorcieleblebs ki barbaros kriminalebs barbaric criminals uwodebsdda mati qmedebis arsakvetad relentless operations gegmavs. sainteresoa is uaryofiti konotaciuri mnisvnelobebi, rasac sityvebi despicable, barbaric da relentless atarebs: despicable acts- ubadruki, zizris armzvreli qmedebebi; barbaric criminals barbarosuli, veluri, yvelaferze wamsvleli kriminalebi; relentless operations ulmobeli, mkacri, sastiki, daundobeli, dauralavi daucxromeli RonisZiebebi. prezident saakasvilisatvis damaxasiatebelia iseti epitetebis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa magalitad, gautexeli eri (m.s ); Seupovari xalxi (m.s ). igi msmenels xsirad gansakutrebul xalxs uwodebs: dres am darbazsi gansakutrebuli xalxi Seikriba (m.s ), rac fatikur funqciasac asrulebs da kidev ufro aaxloebs msmenels mosaubrestan. rogorc ukve arvnisne, emociuri funqcia winadadebis donezec xorcieldeba, sadac mnisvnelovan rols sintaqsuri eqspresiuli, gamomxatvelobiti sasualebebi da stilisturi xerxebi asrulebs, romeltaganac swarbobs antiteza, paraleluri konstruqciebi da anaforuli gameoreba wlis 7 oqtombris gamosvlasi prezidenti busi amerikis SeerTebul Statebs Semdegi saxit waradgens: The United States of America is a friend to the Afghan people, and we are the friends of almost a billion worldwide who practice the Islamic faith. The United States of America is an enemy of those who aid terrorists and of the barbaric criminals who profane a great religion by committing murder in its name. (G.W.B. 32

33 ) prezidenti ertdoulad ramdenime stilistur xerxs antitezas (America is a friend...america is an enemy), paralelur konstuqciebs da gameorebas mimartavs, ritac Tavis sityvas emfaturs xdis; misi mizania zemoqmedeba moaxdinos auditoriaze da daarwmunos igi, rom avranetze ierisis mitana iyo swori nabiji barbarosi kriminalebis teroristebis dasjis miznit. arnisnul winadadebasi antitezas mesveobit ertmanets ori polusuri samyaro: megobrebisa da mtrebis samyaro upirispirdeba. prezidentta gamosvlebsi gvxvdeba gansakutrebuli emociurobit datvirtuli damamtavrebeli frazebi, romlebic ZiriTadad locvakurtxevis formulebit aris warmodgenili. (meore TavSi qvemot mocemul magalitebs direqtivebis sametyvelo aqtta magalitebadac ganvixilav). qartvel prezidentta gamosvlebsi gvxvdeba Semdegi damamtavrebeli frazebi: (1) dae arsruldes neba RvTisa! neba erisa! gaumarjos Tavisufal saqartvelos! Ggvfaravdes RmerTi! (z.g ); (2) yvelam ertad TavdadebiT vibrzolot samsoblosa da xalxis saketildreod! win, XXI saukunis saqartvelosaken! (e.s ) (3) RmerTi iyos Cveni samsoblos -saqartvelos mfarveli! (m.s ) (4) RmerTi iyos Cveni da Cveni samsoblos mfarveli! (ms ). (5) gaumarjos saqartvelos! (ms ) (6) gaumarjos ertian, Tavisufal, damoukidebel, Zlier, evropul gamarjvebul saqartvelos! (ms ) (7) migvizrodes wminda giorgi! (ms ) (8) Cveni Zala ertobasia! (m.s ) msgavs frazebs vxvdebit amerikel prezidentta gamosvlebsic: (1) God's grace upon us. (B.O ) (2) May God bless you, and may he watch over the United States of America. (G.W.B ) 33

34 (3) God bless you all, and God bless America (G.W.B ) (4) May God continue to bless America. (G.W.B ) (5) May God strengthen our hands for good work ahead, and always, always bless America. (B.C ) (6) God bless you all (B.C ) (7) God bless you and God bless the United States of America. (G.H.B 1989) sagulisxmoa, rom qartveli prezidentebisatvis gamosvlis damamtavrebel frazad Warbobs locva-kurtxevis formulis - RmerTi iyos Cveni mfarveli gamoyeneba, xolo amerikeli prezidentebisatvis gamosvlebis aucilebeli damamtavrebeli fraza God Bless America (RmerTma dalocos amerika) aris. sainteresoa, Tu ra saxis zegavlenas axdens, an ra emociebs arzravs msmenelsi zemomoyvanili frazebi. amis garkvevis miznit kvlevis warmoebisas gamoikitxa 80 adamiani. Sedegebi sakmaod saintereso armocnda: 80-dan 18-ma (22.5 %) adamianma arnisna, rom zemomoyvanili frazebi aris carieli, arafris mtqmeli da gacvetili. gamokitxulta umravlesobisatvis 62 adamiani (77.5 %) es frazebi aris dadebiti konotaciebis matarebeli da mati azrit, rac ar unda arasasiamovno informacia iyos gadacemuli msmenelisatvis, am frazebit gamosvlis damtavreba izleva imis garantias, rom auditoriis umetesobas eqneba dadebiti reaqcia. cdis pirebi aseve Tvlian, rom arnisnuli frazebi aris savaldebulo, aprobirebuli, dadebiti muxtis matarebeli kliseebi, da politikosebis mier gamosvlebis damtavreba sxva saxis frazebit sariskoa im kutxit, rom araswori, arasatanado frazebis SerCevis SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa msmenels molodini gaucruvdes: prezidentta ritorikasi damamtavrebeli frazebi amave dros religiur elementebsac warmoadgenen. frazebis argamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi arsebuli stereotipebis gamo msmenels ucndeba ukmarisobis grznoba, ramac SesaZlebelia prezidentebs mxardamweric ki daakargvinos. 34

35 1.3. konatiuri funqcia prezidentta gamosvlebsi enis konatiuri funqcia zogjer gadmocemulia ritorikuli SekiTxebiT; AaRniSnuloi xerxis mizania adresatze zemoqmedebis moxdeba, misi CarTulobis gazrda, massi garkveuli grznobebisa da damokidebulebis arzvra. qartulenovan gamosvlebsi vxvdebit mxolod kitxvitsityviani winadadebis tips: ratom saqartvelo? ; ra aris dres saqartvelos mowinaarmdegis mtavari amocana? ; ra aris dres am agresoris mtavari mizani? (m.s ) prezidentta inglisurenovan gamosvlebsi ritorikuli SekiTxvebi sxvadasxva tipis kitxviti struqturebit gadmoicema. 1. General Question- zogadi kitxva Did our generation advance the cause of freedom? And did our character bring credit to that cause? (G.W.B ) Are we enthralled with material things, less appreciative of the nobility of work and sacrifice? (G.H.W. B ) 2. Disjunctive Question gamyofi kitxva You're not related to them, are you? (G.W.B ) 3. Special Question - specialuri kitxva What can I do to help in our fight? "What can I do to help in the war against terror?"; How should we live in the light of what has happened? ; (G.W.B ) What do we want the men and women who work with us to say when we are no longer there? (G.H.W. B ) 4. Alternative Questions alternatiuli SekiTxva The challenge of our past remains the challenge of our future, will we be one nation, one people, with one common destiny, or not? Will we all come together, or come apart? (B.C ) zogjer enis konatiuri funqcia vlindeba msmenelisadmi mimartul mowodebebsa da direqtivebsi, vinaidan mowodebebi da direqtivebi 35

36 mimartulia sametyvelo qmedebasi msmenelis CarTulobisaken. xsiria konatiuri funqciis realizacia direqtivis tipis sametyvelo aqtebit. (direqtivis tipis sametyvelo aqtebis stuqturasa da implikacias detalurad ganvixilav II Tavis 2.3 qve-tavsi, ixilet gv ) rogorc ukve arvnisne, prezidentta gamosvlebsi vxvdebi garkveuli qmedebebis ganxorcielebisaken mimartul mowodebebs. qartvel prezidentta gamosvlebsi vxvdebi konstruqciit mo-di-t + zmna gamoxatul mowodebebs: I) mo-di-t + zmna (1) modit ertad gavufrtxildet Cvens qveyanas, modit ertad avacilot mas Zaladoba. (m.s ) (2) modit yvelam ertad mivcet msvidobasa da dialogs Sansi. (m.s ) (3) modit ertad vimusaot uketesi momavlisatvis. (m.s ) amerikel prezidentta gamosvlebsi gamoiyeneba deontikuri modalobis gamomxatveli Semdegi direqtiuli konstruqcia: II) LET US + VERB (1) Let us mark this day with remembrance; let us remember these timeless words. (B.O ) (2) And let s roll (G.W.B ); let s take care of the unemployed; let s get a job package out of the Senate, let s cut taxes on ivestment; let s help them with the health care. (G.W.B ). (3) Let us negotiate soon and hard. But in the end, let us produce. (G.H.W.B. 1989) (zemot mocemul konstruqciebsa da magalitebs detalurad ganvixlavt II Tavis 2.3 Qqve-TavSi direqtivebi, ixiletggv ) rogorc ukve arvnisne, prezidentta gamosvlebsi gamoiyeneba ufro Zlieri valdebulebis gamomxatveli konstruqciebic arapirdapiri direqtivebis saxit, romlebic konatiur funqciastan ertad fatikur funqciasac asrulebs. valdebulebis gamosaxatavad gamoiyeneba ZiriTadad modaluri konstruqciebi; mati mesveobit mkafiod aris gadmocemuli 36

37 mtqmelis damokidebuleba moqmedebisadmi, xolo konstruqciebsi mravlobiti ricxvis pirveli piris nacvalsaxelis eqskluziuri an inkluziuri gamoyenebit (deiqsis kategorias detalurad ganvixilav I Tavis 1.4 qve-tavsi fatikuri funqcia, ixilet gv ), xdeba msmenelis CarTva da mistvis Zlieri valdebulebis direqtivis micema. konatiuri funqciit gamoyenebuli arapirdapiri direqtivebis tipebi gadmocemuli modaluri konstruqciebis Semdegi formulebit: I) nacvalsaxeli (Cven) + (ar) unda + zmna; WE + MUST (+NOT) +VERB, sadac Cven/ WE gvxvdeba, rogorc eqskluziuri aseve inkluziuri mnisvnelobit; eqskluziuri nacvalsaxelit gadmocemuli brzanebis SemTxvevaSi brzanebis Semsrulebeli obieqti aris prezidenti mtavrobastan ertad, xolo eqskluziuri nacvalsaxelis Cven/ WE gamoyenebit, brzanebis Semsrulebel obieqtta rigs emateba Tavad msmeneli, adresati. II) Tqven + unda + zmna; YOU + MUST + VERB III) (arsebiti +) unda + zmna (momaval formasi); Noun +MUST +VERB III jgufsi Sedis agretve formulit unda + zmna gamoxatuli direqtivebi, romlebic qartvel prezidentta gamosvlebsi gvxvdeba. msgavsi formulebi miukerzoebeli stilis aris, anu matsi ar Cans, Tu visken aris mimartuli direqtivebi, viszea gatvlili brzanebis perlokuciuri efeqti, vin aris gacemuli brzanebis Semsrulebeli subieqti. amastanave, mowodebebisa da direqtivebis gacemisas prezidentebi msmenelis mxridan yuradrebis gamaxvilebis miznit aqtiurad iyeneben sxvadasxva sintaqsur eqspresiul sasualebas da stilistur xerxs, rogoricaa, magalitad, stilisturi CamonaTvali, anaforuli gameoreba da paraleluri konstruqciebi; isini kidev ufro amaxvileben auditoriis yuradrebas Setyobinebis Sinaarsze. qvemot mocemulia magalitebi, sadac prezidentebi zemot Camotvlil stilistur xerxebs iyeneben: 37

38 (1) modit ertad gavufrtxildet Cvens qveyanas; modit, ertad avacilot mas Zaladoba; modit, ertad vimusaot uketesi momavlisatvis, gadavusvat xazi yvelafers uaryofits, rac warsulsi gvqonda da vifiqrot saerto momavalze. (m.s ) (2) However difficult the fight is in Iraq, we must win it -- we must succeed for our own sake; for the security of our citizens, we must support our troops, we must support the Iraqi government, and we must defeat al Qaeda in Iraq. (G.W.B ) 1.4. fatikuri funqcia kvlevam cxadyo, rom fatikuri funqcia mnisvnelovan rols asrulebs prezidentta gamosvlebsi. misi realizacia prezidentta pirvelive sityvebsi vlindeba, kerzod mimartvis formebsi dear fellow citizens ; my dear fellows ; Zvirfaso Tanamemamuleno ; Cemo Zvirfasebo ; Zmebo da debo. msgavsi sityvebis gamoyenebit prezidentebi msmeneltan usualo, megobruli garemos Seqmnas cdiloben, rata dasawyissive ganawyon msmeneli dadebitad. fatikuri funqciis ganxorcieleba politikur diskurssi da kerzod prezidentta gamosvlebsi mimartvis dasawyissi, Sua da bolo nawilebsi gvxvdeba. kvlevis Sedegad gamovyavi frazebis ramdenime klasi, romelic prezidentta gamosvlebsi eqspresivis tipis aqtebit aris gadmocemuli da enis fatikur funqcias asrulebs. rogorc qartvel, aseve amerikel prezidentta mimartvebsi aqtiurad gamoiyeneba: I) misalmebis gamomxatveli frazebi; II) madlierebis gamomxatveli Tavaziani frazebi Mmisalmebis da mimartvis gamomxatveli frazebit prezidentebi fatikur kontaqts amyareben msmeneltan, rata miipyron msmenelis yuradreba da dadebitad ganawyon, Seamzadon isini garkveuli informaciis misarebad, xolo madlierebis Tavaziani frazebit fatikuri kontaqti kidev ufro Rrmavdeba madlierebis Tanaziari emociuri garemos Seqmnis gzit. 38

39 amerikeli da qartveli prezidentebis mier sxvadasxva Janris gamosvlebsi gamoyenebuli madlierebis gamomxatveli Tavaziani frazebi struqturis mixedvit davyavi ramdenime qvetipad, romelta formulebis xilva SesaZlebelia II Tavis 2.4 qve-tavsi eqspresivebi. (ixilet. gv amave TavSia SesaZlebeli misalmebis gamomxatveli Tavaziani frazebis qvetipis xilva, gv ) saprezidento gamosvlebsi enis fatikuri funqcia xsirad piris deiqsis (piris nacvalsaxelebi Sesabamis predikatul SeTanxmebebTan ertad) mesveobit realizdeba. kamati deiqsiss Sesaxeb enatmecnierta SorismiekuTvneba is semantikas Tu pragmatikas kvlavac gzeldeba. Tumca vetanxmebi enatmecnierta did nawils, romelnic deiqsiss pragmatikis umnisvnelovanes aspeqtad ganixilaven. (Verschueren, 1999; Yule, 1996; Levinson 1983; Mey 1994) rogorc cnobilia, deiqsisi gulisxmobs im fenomens, rodesac garkveuli sityvebis da frazebis mnisvneloba gamonatqvamsi moitxovs konteqstualur informacias. Ddeiqsisi calkeul enasi arsebuli struqturebis mesveobit enasa da konteqsts Soris damokidebulebis garkvevas uwyobs xels. sityvebi aris deiqtikuri, Tu mati semantikuri mnisvneloba aris fiqsirebuli, Tumca mati denotatiuri mnisvneloba icvleba drois da/an adgilis Sesabamisad. rogorc cnobilia, deiqtikur sityvebs miekutvneba nacvalsaxeli. CvenTvis sainteresoa piris deiqsisi, romelic exeba monawilis rolis gadmocemas sametyvelo xdomilebasi. pirveli piri gulisxmobs adresant, (Gaynesford 2006), meore piri gulisxmobs adresats (Anderson & Keenan 1988; Fillmore 1982:31 59) xolo mesame piri gulisxmobs kominkaciis aramonawile pirs. (Traut, 1996) Seswavlil masalasi pirveli piris mxolobiti nacvalsaxeli me ar gamoiyeneba xsirad, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac referencia mxolod mtqmelzea (anu mxolod prezidentze), ZiriTadad im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac prezidentis mier konkretul faqtze xdeba garkveuli pasuximgeblobis areba an pirovnuli damokidebulebis gamoxatva konkretul movlenastan mimartebasi. nacvalsaxel me -s gamoyeneba metwilad prezidentta sainauguracio sityvebsi gvxvdeba. Mmag.: 39

40 (1) me axla vdgavar Tqvens winase, ara rogorc erti partiis, aramed rogorc mteli eris lideri. (m.s ) (2) me, rogorc saqartvelos prezidenti pasuxismgebeli var Tqvens winase (m.s ) (3) me minda sruli pasuxismgeblobit vtqva ; me es sruliad Segnebulad gavakete ; me gavgzavne cxinvalsi saxelmwifo ministri; me gtavazobt cecxlis dauyovnebliv Sewyvetas; me vitxove, rom es e.w. ministrebi ukan gaiwvion; me Tqveni sibrznis, didi istoriuli gamocdilebis imedi maqvs (m.s ) (4) I am grateful for the honor of this hour; I have sworn and you have witnessed. (G.W.B ) (5) I appreciate so very much the members of Congress; I ask for prayer; I've directed the full resources. (G.W.B ) (6) I gave Taliban leaders a series of clear and specific demands ; I recently received a touching letter ( G.W.B ) (7) I call on Congress to quickly send me legislation; I have called our military into action; I gave fair warning to the government (G.W.B ). empiriuli masalis statistikuri kvlevis Sedegad dadginda, rom prezidentta mimartvebsi mravlobiti ricxvis pirveli piris nacvalsaxelis gamoyeneba 5.4 jer aremateba mxolobiti ricxvis pirveli piris gamoyenebas. arnisnuli mimarteba Semdegnairad gamoiyureba: Cven 84 %; me- 16%. 1. grafikuli gamosaxva 40

41 მე 16% ჩვენ 84% Seswavlil masalasi mravlobiti ricxvis pirveli piris nacvalsaxeli Cven gamoyenebulia 3898 jer, xolo mxolobiti ricxvis pirveli piris nacvalsaxeli me gamoyenebulia 716 jer. 2. grafikuli gamosaxva pirveli piris mravlobiti ricxvis nacvalsaxel Cven /WE -is xsiri gamoyeneba aixsneba prezidentta intenciit - gazardon ertobis suliskveteba TiToeul msmenelsi, arzran matsi eris ertobis gancda, 41

42 mianisnon, rom TiToeuli moqalaqe aris Tanamonawile nebismieri movlenisa, rac qveyanasi xdeba. prezidentta mimartvebsi nacvalsaxeli Cven /WE sakmaod farto mnisvnelobit gamoiyeneba. gvxvdeba rogorc eqskluziuri (exclusive), aseve inkluziuri (inclusive) mravlobiti ricxvis pirveli piris nacvasaxelis Cven / we gamoyeneba. kvlevam gamokveta navalsaxelis Cven / we xmarebis kidev ufro konkretebuli SemTxvevebi, kerzod: I) eqskluziuri Cven ( = mosaubre + sxv(ebi)a - msmeneli = prezidenti + mtavroba) (1) Cven aratu vagvianebt xelfasebis gacemas, aramed vzrdit kidec; Cven SevimuSaveT ori umnisvnelovanesi ekonomikuri paketi. (m.s ) (2) Cven SevZlebT saqartvelos ekonomikis SenarCunebas da gadarcenas; Cven vagrzelebt demokratiis kidev ifro metad gazlierebas (m.s ) (3) Cven ar gadavuxvevt ganvitarebis arceul kurss; Cven mainc ar SevaCerebT Senebas. (m.s ) (4) Cven yvelafers vaketebt, rom Tavidan avicilot Zaladoba; Cven gvaqvs didi gegmebi. (m.s ) Exclusive WE (= speaker + other (s) - addressee = president + government) (1) We will make no distinction between the terrorists (G.W.B ) (2) We have called up reserves to reinforce our military capability; we ask a lot of those who wear uniform; (G.W.B ) (3) We have posted the National Guard in America's airports; We do not know whether this attack came from the same terrorists. We do not know the origin of the anthrax. (G.W.B ) (4) We have created a new Office of Homeland Security; We are imposing new licensing requirements; We passed a new anti-terrorism law. (G.W.B ) 42

43 (5) We will issue appropriate alerts; We are destroying training camps; We are deliberately and systematically hunting down these murderers, and we will bring them to justice. (G.W.B ) zemot mocemul magalitebsi Cven, konteqstidan gamomdinare, moicavs prezidentsa da mtavrobas, yvela uflebamosil pirs, romelic mtavrobis QqveS moiazreba (mtavrobis wevrebi, parlamentis wevrebi, saxelmwifo da sajaro struqturebsi momusave pirebi), Tumca ar moicavs sametyvelo xdomilebis Tanamonawile sxva wevrebs - msmenels da/an mkitxvels, romelic ar Sedis mtavrobis uflebamosil pirta rigsi. II) inkluziuri Cven ( = mosaubre + msmeneli = prezidenti + auditoria + yvela) (1) Cven ar SegviZlia avirciot tirania, Cven ar SegviZlia Tavisuflebaze uaris Tqma. (m.s ) (2) Cven gavuzlebt imperiis agresias; Cven arasdros ar dagvitmia Tavisufleba da Rirseba... Cven arc am jerze ar dagvitmia da ar davtmobt arasodes. (m.s ) (3) Cven SeCveulebi viyavit mudmiv provokaciebs. (m.s ) (4) Cven gavaceret Tbiliss momdgari urdo; Cven vamayobt drevandeli drit; Cven oqros sawmisis da argonavtebis qveyana vart; Cven vart uzvelesi qristianuli civilizaciis qveyana. (m.s ) Inclusive WE ( = speaker + other (s) + addressee = president + audience + all) (1) We go forwards to defend freedom; we stand together to win the war; we responded with the best of America. (G.W.B ) (2) We are joined in this operation; we are supported by the collective will of the world; we will make it more difficult; we will win the conflict; we are a peaceful nation; we did not ask for this mission, but we will fulfill it; we defend not only our precious freedom. (G.W.B ) (3) We are the target of enemies who boast they want to kill; We value life; We value the right to speak our minds; We respect people of all faiths; We wage a war to 43

44 save civilization itself. We did not seek it, but we will fight it, and we will prevail. (G.W.B ). Mmocemul magalitebsi konteqstidan natlad Cans, rom inkluziuri Cven moicavs TiToeul adamians, romelic nebismieri formit aris sametyvelo xdomilebis Tanamonawile, iqneba es pirdapiri Tanamonawileoba Tu virtualuri. prezidentebis intencia piris deiqsisis, kerzod, inkluziuri nacvalsaxelis Cven gamoyenebisas aris msmenelis da an/mkitxvelis CarTva, matsi saxelmwifos martvis da eris cxovrebis procesebsi Tanamonawileobis survilis arzvra, zogjer ki im gancdis Seqmna, rom isini Tavad qmnian arsebul realobas da ara marto mtavroba an prezidenti metalingvisturi funqcia interess iwvevs metalingvisturi funqciis realizaciis Taviseburebani. prezidentta gamosvlebsi metalingvisturi funqcia satanado registrisa da stilis SerCevaSi vlindeba. politikuri mimartvebis SemTxvevaSi gadamwyvetia oficialurobis xarisxis SerCevac, prezidentebi metwilad neitralur stils irceven, zogjer ki oficialurs an kidev araoficialurs, ra Tqma unda, es eqstralingvisturi faqtorebis gatvaliswinebitac xdeba, Tu ra garemosi da vis mimart warmoitqmis sityva. I) oficialuri stili: (1) Cveni nebisa da survilis sawinaarmdegod, saqartvelo iqca imperializmisa da warsulis ideologiis Zaladobrivi Tavdasxmis pirvel obieqtad. (m.s ) (2) Those who celebrate the murder of innocent men, women and children, have no religion, have no conscience, and have no mercy. (G.W.B ) II) araoficialuri stili: 44

45 (1) me tyuilad ar davrbivar saqartvelos regionebsi da vxsni xan ert ekonomikur zonas da xan meores. Ppiradad damaqvs proeqtebi da vcdilob mat ganxorcielebas. (m.s ) (2) Citizens of a free Georgia, Laura and I were in the neighborhood -- we thought we'd swing by and say gamarjoba. (G.W.B ) saprezidento gamosvlebsi sakmaod xsiria amarlebuli stilis gamoyeneba. amarlebul stils xsirad citatebis, aluziebis, metaforebisa da sxva stilisturi Tu eqspresiuli sasualebebis gamoyeneba qmnis, rac poeturobasa da eqspresiulobas szens natqvams da Sesabamisad xdeba enis poeturi da/an emociuri funqciis realizeba. (1) Tu raime gveamayeba Cveni warsulidan, Tuki rames vetrfit Cevni didi winaprebis namorvawaridan, es aris ara datmoba, aramed Tavganwiruli brzola samsoblos da Tavisuflebis dasacavad. (m.s ) (2) Tonight I ask for your prayers for all those who grieve, for the children whose worlds have been shattered, for all whose sense of safety and security has been threatened. And I pray they will be comforted by a power greater than any of us. (G.W.B ) amarlebul stilze yuradrebis gamaxvilebisas unda aseve arinisnos prezidentta metaena, rac usualod enis metalingvisturi funqciis gamoxatvastan aris kavsirsi. magalitad, prezident busis metaena religiurad, Teologiurad da moralurad datvirtulia. sakutar gamosvlebsi igi xsirad iyenebs citatebs bibliidan, rac mis gamosvlas poeturobasac szens. magalitad: (3) Psalm 23: "Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I fear no evil, for you are with me." (G.W.B ) mis gamosvlebsi mravlad daizebneba magaliti, sadac misi religiuri metaena natlad vlindeba: 45

46 (4) "This will be a monumental struggle of good versus evil, but good will prevail. None of us would ever wish the evil to have been done to our country, yet we have learned that out of evil can come great good. (G.W.B ) Mprezident saakasvilis gamosvlebsi ar aris citatebi bibliidan, magram igi Zalze xsirad moixseniebs wmindanebs. mis gamosvlebsi aseve xsiria siketisa da borotebis Sesaxeb Temis gasla. or prezidents Soris am kutxit arsebobs sakmaod didi msgavseba. orive prezidenti arnisnavs, rom misi erisa da qveynis brzola aris brzola siketisa borotebaze. prezidenti saakasvili 2008 wlis 3 maisis mimartvis bolo nawilsi acxadebs Semdegs: (5) msofliosi dres siketis da borotebis brzola mimdinareobs. ert-erti yvelaze mtavari fronti saqartvelosia... borotebisa da siketis brzolasi win gagvizrveba wminda giorgi, borotebisa da siketis brzolasi ert mustad Sekruli qartvelebi da saqartvelosi mcxovrebi yvela sxva erovnebis warmomadgeneli, gaertianebuli, lari da amayi saqartvelo yvelanair ubedurebas daamarcxebs, Cveni gamarjveba borotebis saukuno damarcxeba da siketis da momavlis gamarjveba iqneba. (m.s ) siketesa da borotebas Soris brzolis Temas TiToeuli prezidenti exeba, mat RrmaT sjerad, rom mati qveyana ibrzvis siketis saxelit da RvTis wyalobit gaimarjveben brzolasi borotebastan: (6) Cveni istoria, cxovrebis wesi, brzola sarwmunoebisatvis, erovnuli damoukideblobisatvis, aris mowameobrivi, qristesmieri gza siketisa, siqvelisa da siyvarulisa. istoria gvazlevs SesaZleblobas, rata davubrundet mamapapiseul gzas, avarorzinot rwmenit Tavisufali saqartvelo. dgeba Jami rodesac uklebliv yvelas sicocxle mamuls ekutvnis. eri uewvelad mzad aris gadamwyveti brzolisatvis... didi miznebi mxolod RvTaebrivi siyvarulit arsruldebian. (z.g ) 46

47 prezidenti busi miicnevs, rom amerikis SeerTebul Statebs akisria didi da mnisvnelovani misia da rom misi sizliere aris momartuli ketilis saqmnelad: (7) America today is a proud, free nation, decent and civil, a place we cannot help but love. We know in our hearts, not loudly and proudly, but as a simple fact, that this country has meaning beyond what we see, and that our strength is a force for good. (G.H.W.B 1989) Pprezident klintonis ritorikit, amerika unda misdevdes RvTis sityvas da ar unda gaitangos siketis qmnit da unda upasuxos RvTis gamozaxils: (8) And so, my fellow Americans, at the edge of the 21st century, let us begin with energy and hope, with faith and discipline, and let us work until our work is done. The scripture says, "And let us not be weary in well-doing, for in due season, we shall reap, if we faint not." From this joyful mountaintop of celebration, we hear a call to service in the valley. We have heard the trumpets. We have changed the guard. And now, each in our way, and with God's help, we must answer the call. (B.C. 1993) prezidenti barak obama gamzleobisken da sulis gazlierebisaken mouwodebs amerikel xalxs, axsenebs mat RvTis sityvebs: (9) We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness. (B.O. 2009) TiToeuli prezidenti, gansakutrebit ki mixeil saakasvili darwmunebulia, rom siketis gamovlineba mati erebisa da qveynebis saxit gaimarjvebs. am mxriv unda arinisnos prezident saakasvilis Seudrekeli optimizmit Sefaruli metaena: 47

48 (10) saqartvelo yvelanair ubedurebas daamarcxebs; Cven yvelafers gavuzlebt da yoveltvis gadavrcebit; yvelafers gavumklavdebit; gavimarjvebt; Cven movaxdinet saswauli da ase unda gavagrzelot. (m.s ). (11) Cven aucileblad gavalt samsvidoboze; Cven yvelani davdgebit ertad, yvelani viqnebit Zlierad, yvelani viqnebit warmatebuli da gamarjvebuli ( ). prezidentta diskursis ert-ert umtavres Temas warmoadgens aseve Tavisufleba da demokratia. Tu przidenti karteri Tavisuflebas asociaciurad adamianis uflebebs ukavsirebda, jorj busis (ufrosi) diskurssi Tavisufleba ufro demokratiastan aris gaigivebuli. rodesac vkitxulobt prezident busis mier warmotqmul reprezentativebs: great nations of the world are marching towards democracy through the door to freedom da rom the day of the dictator is over, unebliet mivdivart daskvnamde, rom misi gancxadebebi mis rwmenas, winaswarmetyvelur unars an ukiduresad kargad informirebulobas unda mivawerot. gasatvaliswinebelia, Tu ra xdeboda misi sainauguracio gamosvlis warmotqmis dros (1989 wlis ianvari) msofliosi. (1989 wlis maissi mixeil gorbacovi iqna arceuli sabwota kavsiris komunisturi partiis centraluri komitetis generalur mdivnad, ivnisidan moyolebuli polonetsi ganvitarebuli movlenebis Sedegad pirvelad 40 wlis manzilze polonetis mtavrobas arakomunisti mmartveli Caudga satavesi. amave dros aseve ganvitarda tienanmenis moednis movlenebi CineTis saxalxo respublikasi. berlinis kedeli da rkinis farda gaixsna 1989 noembersi, xolo dekembersi ruminetsi Camogdebul iqna CauSesku wlis dasawyissi gatavisuflebul iqna nelson mandela, xolo nikaraguasi dasrulda komunisturi rejimi.) prezidenti klintoni sainauguracio gamosvlasi sityva Tavisuflebas mxolod samjer iyenebs. ertxel imave perspeqtivit iyenebs, rogorc busi (xalxi asenebs demokratias da Tavisuflebas people are building democracy and freedom ), meored epitetit amkobs da iyenebs kombinacias Tavisuflebis mzis sxivs, romelic bolos urebs civ oms Today, a generation 48

49 raised in the shadows of the Cold War assumes new responsibilities in a world warmed by the sunshine of freedom but threatened still by ancient hatreds and new plagues da mesamed iyenebs, rogorc moqalaqeebis idividualur privilegiad, romelic safrtxesia danasaulis gamo when fear of crime robs law-abiding citizens of their freedom. (B.C ) amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis prezidentebis mier demokratia da Tavisufleba ganixileba ara rogorc mxolod principebi, romeltac amerikelebi afaseben, icaven da iyeneben, aramed amerikis ertadert prerogativad. magalitad, amerikis kapitoliums metaforulad uwodeben democracy s front porch, inauguracias democracy s big day, amerikis saxeldebisas ki Semdeg metaforas iyeneben world s oldest democracy. araamerikelebisatvis arnisnuli kadnier ganacxadad ariqmeba, Tumca amerikelebisatvis brwyinvaled JRers, swored amasi mdgomareobs epideiqturi ritorikis arsi. gavrcobili metaforebis gamoyenebit saubrobs prezidenti busi umcrosi Tavisuflebisa da demokratiis Sesaxeb, romelic prezidenti busisatvis damaxasiatebeli religiuri elementebitaa gajrentili da amadroulad amerikis, rogorc RvTiuri qveynis demokratiis gamavrceleblis xatis Seqmniskenaa mimartuli: (12) Through much of the last century, America's faith in freedom and democracy was a rock in a raging sea. Now it is a seed upon the wind, taking root in many nations. (G.W.B ) prezidenti busi Tavisuflebisa da demokratiistvis brzolasi myof amerikas metaforulad asociaciebis mesveobit ukavsirebs arelvebul zrvasi myof kldes. mistvis amerika sxva erebsa da qveynebsi Tavisuflebisa da demokratiis gamavrcelebeli marcvalia (gavrcobili metafora). aqve vxvdebit religiur aluziebs: qristes saubari mowafeebtan RvTis sityvis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb, sadac RvTis sityva metaforulad Teslis/marcvali saxit Cndeba, saidanac unda armocendes sikete, arnisnul magalitsic amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi aris Tavisuflebis da demokratiis Tesli, 49

50 sadainac fesvi unda gaidgas demokratiam sxva qveynebsi. me-13 magalitsi prezidenti uziarebs msmenels sakutar rwmenas amerikis umnisvnelovanesi rolis Sesaxeb: sxva qveynebsi Tavisuflebis warmateba damokidebulia Tavisuflebis gadarcenaze StatebSi. (13) We are led, by events and common sense, to one conclusion: The survival of liberty in our land increasingly depends on the success of liberty in other lands... The best hope for peace in our world is the expansion of freedom all over the world. (G.W.B ) me-14 magalitsi prezidenti busi kvlav metaforas mimartavs da demokratias amerikis rwmenis akvnad, TiToeul amerikelsi sawyisidanve Tandayolil imedad da idealad warmogvidgens: (14) Our democratic faith is more than the creed of our country, it is the inborn hope of our humanity, an ideal we carry but do not own, a trust we bear and pass along. And even after nearly 225 years, we have a long way yet to travel. (G.W.B ) prezidenti busi gansakutrebul yuradrebas aqcevs Tavisuflebis Temas 2005 wlis sainauguracio gamosvlasi, sadac kidev ufro mxatvrulad saubrobs misi rwmenis Sesaxeb, rom amerikam sakutari ZalisxmeviT aagizgiza Tavisuflebis cecxli, rac, misi rwmenit, miswvdeba samyaros ubneles wertilebsac Tavisuflebis ayvavebis miznit: (15) By our efforts we have lit a fire as well; a fire in the minds of men. It warms those who feel its power. It burns those who fight its progress. And one day this untamed fire of freedom will reach the darkest corners of our world. (G.W.B ) misi mosazrebit, ar arsebobs adamianta gatavisufleba da uflebebis dacva Tavisuflebis arsebobis garese: (16) In the long run, there is no justice without freedom, and there can be no human rights without human liberty....eventually, the call of freedom comes to every mind and every soul. We do not accept the existence of permanent tyranny because we do not accept the possibility of permanent slavery. (G.W.B ) 50

51 prezidenti obama ert-erti gamosvlis bolos Tavisuflebas epitetit amkobs and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God's grace upon us we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations. (B.O ) demokratia da Tavisufleba aseve umtavres Temebs warmoadgens qartvel prezidentta gamosvlebsi. prezident zviad gamsaxurdias rwmenit, umtavresia xalxma gaitavisos Tavisuflebisa da demokratiis suli: (17) Tavisuflebisa da demokratiisatvis mebrzoli xalxi, religiuri msoflxedvis da erovnuli cnobierebis arorzinebis sazogadoeba - es aris Cveni awmyo, Cveni brzolis Sedegi. (z.g ) prezidenti SevardnaZe Tavisuflebasa da demokratias ki miznebis konteqstsi ixseniebs: (18) prezidentisa da mtavrobis mtavari mizani- aris Zveli, totalitaruli social-ekonomikuri formaciis Secvla axali social-ekonomikuri wyobit, demokratiisa da Tavisuflebis realurad damkvidreba...samartleblivi saxelmwifo, Ria samoqalaqo sazogadoeba, socialurad orientirebuli sabazro ekonomika, eris sulieri da materialuri kulturis axali renesansi, demokratia, suvereniteti, Tavisufleba, konstituciisa da kanonis uzenaesoba, ai, Cveni umtavresi miznebi da amocanebi. (e.s ) prezident saakasvilisatvis umnisvnelovanesia Tavisuflebisa da demokratiis ganvitareba saqartvelosi, risi mirwevac mxolod Tavdauzogavi SromiTaa SesaZlebeli. igi arnisnavs, rom saqartvelos didi svla demokratiisa da Tavisuflebisaken grzeldeba da rogorc arasodes, ise mtkicea axla Cveni neba Tavisuflebis da demokratiis dasacavad. istoriuli qartexilebi momavlis asaseneblad sawiro gakvetilebia. gakvetilebi, romlebic gvaswavlian, rom Tavisuflebis dacvas didi jafa da gaazrebuli gambedaoba swirdeba, rom Seuqcevadi araferia, rom gza gamarjvebisaken Zalian didi sirtuleebitaa Caxergili. (m.s ) 51

52 1.6. poeturi funqcia prezidentta gamosvlebsi uamravi magalitis dazebna SeiZleba, sadac enis poeturi funqcia mkafiod Cans. poeturi funqcia prezidentta gamosvlebsi xsirad realizdeba: a) fonetikuri gamomxatvelobiti sasualebebit da stilisturi xerxebit, rogoricaa: aliteracia, ritma, ritmi; b) sintaqsuri stilisturi xerxit, rogoricaa: gameoreba, paraleluri konstruqciebi; g) myari sityvatsetanxmebebit, rogoricaa: andazebi, citatebi da literaturuli, istoriuli, religiuri aluziebi. ganvixilot magalitebi: (1) 1. We will not waver, a 2. we will not tire, b 3. we will not falter, a 4. and we will not fail. c 5. Peace and freedom will prevail. C (G.W.B ) prezienti busi paraleluri konstruqciebis gamoyenebit, iseti konceptualuri mnisvnelobis mqone sityvebis SerCeviT, romelic aseve eritmeba ertmanets, frazas poeturobas szens. frazasi gamoyenebulia qores da daqtilis tipis orterfiani metri da xmovanta arasruli ritma. ritmastan ertan gamoyenebuli zmnebi qmnian ritms, rac dinamiurobas szens gamotqmas, xolo eqskluziuri nacvalsaxelis Cven gamoyeneba ucens msmenels imis gancdas, rom is Tavadac am procesis, am dinamikis nawilia, am ertobis ert-erti elementia. unda arinisnos, rom ufrosi busic aranaklebi poeturobis frazebs iyenebs gamosvlasi. qvemot mocemulia ufrosi busis sainauguracio gamosvlidan amonaridi, romelic moicavs 4 winadadebas, rac ritmisa da ritmis kompoziciuri formis Sesabamisad Semdeg 8 taepad davalage, aq 52

53 metwilad gamoyenebulia iambis da qores heqsametri (3, 4, 5, 6 pwkarebi) da oqtametri (1, 2, 7, 8 pwkarebi) bevri modifikaciit: (2) 1 I do not mistrust the future; a 2 I do not fear what is ahead. b 3 For our problems are large, c 4 but our heart is larger. d 5 Our challenges are great, c 6 but our will is greater. d 7 And if our flaws are endless, e 8 God's love is truly boundless. e (G.H.W.B 1989) gamonatqvams poeturobas da ritmulobas matebs xmovanta arasruli ritma, gamoyenebuli paraleluri konstruqciebi da gameoreba. TiToeuli prezidentis gamosvlasi uamravi fraza Tu gamonatqvami gvxvdeba, romelic sakmaod ritmuli da poeturia. SetyobinebebSi poetur funqcias, ZiriTadad, asruleben: a) aliteracia yvelafers, rasac aqamde mivarwiet, mivarwiet msvidobit. yvelafers, rasac momavalsi mivarwevt, mivarwevt msvidobit (m.s ) simsvidis da msvidobis atmosferos Sesaqmnelad aliteracias mimartavs, rac asobgeris m da sityva msvidobis gameorebit da paraleluri konstruqciebis gamoyenebis gzit miirweva. b) literaturuli, istoriuli an religiuri aluziebi rogorc cnobilia, aluzia aris ritorikuli xerxi da nisnavs gadakrul sityvas, arnisnuli xerxis mesveobit xdeba raime istoriuli, religiuri ambis, literaturuli nawarmoebis, mitis, xelovnebis nimusis pirdapir an impliciturad gadakvrit xseneba. aluziebi msmenelis da/an mkitxvelis mxridan garkveul foniseul codnas moitxovs asociaciuri kavsirebis dasadgenad. (Abrams, 1971) (1) saqartvelos istoria aris davitis da goliatis brzolis istoria da rogori Zlieri, esmaki, daundobeli da did 53

54 borotebaze wamsvleli ar unda iyos goliati, am brzolasi sulierad Zlieri daviti gaimarjvebs (m.s ) davitis da goliatis brzola ertdoulad religiuri da literaturuli aluziaa. konteqstidan gamomdinare, davitsi moiazreba saqartvelo, xolo goliatsi ruseti; igi goliativit Zlieri da EeSmakia, Tumca prezident saakasvils sjera, rom daundobel brzolasi saqartvelo gaimarjvebs, vinaidan saqartvelo davitis msgavsad sulierad ufro Zlieria. (2) Cven pativi unda mivagot or did adamians, or did gmirs: qujis da farnavazs - saqartvelos did mefeebs, romlebmac gaaertianes da gaamtlianes saqartvelo. dres aq mati sulebi Tavs dagvtrialeben. Cven unda gvaxsovdes is oqrosxana, romelsac didma davitma Cauyara safuzveli, Tamar mefis didi morvaweoba, giorgi brwyinvales xana. magram amave dros, ar unda dagvaviwydes isic, rom iyo wlebi, roca qartulad locvis arvlenac ki akrzaluli iyo. (e.s ) istoriuli aluzia qveynis didebisa da istoriuli qartexilebis gaxsenebis poeturi gzaa, rasac prezidenti saakasvili mimartavs me-2 magalitsi. Semdeg magalitsi prezidenti obama aseve istoriul aluzias mimartavs, ixsenebs ra TavisuflebisaTvis mebrzoli xalxis brzolebs konkordsa (1775 w., leqsingtonis da konkordis brzolebi ass), getisburgsi (1863 w., ass samoqalaqo omi), normandiasa (1944w., safrangeti) da xesansi (1968 w., (vietnami)): (3) For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life. For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West; endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth. For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg; Normandy and Khe Sanh. Time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life. They saw America as bigger 54

55 than the sum of our individual ambitions; greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction. (B.O ) Semdegi magalitebi aris istoriuli aluziebis magaliti, sadac prezidenti busi civ oms ixsenebs wlebi, rodesac meore msoflio omis Semdeg komunistur samyarosa (sabwota kavsiri) da dasavlur samyaros (ass da misi mokavsireebi) Soris arsebobda politikuri konfliqtis, samxedro dazabulobisa da ekonomikuri Sejibris mdgomareoba. xolo prezidenti klintoni ki amerikis danapirebis Sesaxeb saubrobs. (4) Today, a generation raised in the shadows of the Cold War assumes new responsibilities in a world warmed by the sunshine of freedom but threatened still by ancient hatreds and new plagues. (B.C ) (5) The promise of America was born in the 18th century out of the bold conviction that we are all created equal. It was extended and preserved in the 19th century, when our nation spread across the continent, saved the union, and abolished the awful scourge of slavery. Then, in turmoil and triumph, that promise exploded onto the world stage to make this the American Century. (B.C ) g) citatebi prezidenti gamsaxurdia sainauguracio gamosvlasi citirebs prezident ronald reigans: (1) Cven maqsimalurad vecdebit Tanabari sastarto pirobebi SevuqmnaT yvelas, rata privatizaciis SedegebiT isargeblon namdvilad sameurneo da mewarmeobis unaris mqone pirebma. privatiazacia Cven gvesmis, rogorc saqonlisa da momsaxureobis gadacemis strategia, romelic organizebulia saxelmwifo sawarmoebsi kerzod kompaniebis xelsi mtavrobis xarjebis Semcirebisa da im upiratesobebis gamoyenebis miznit, romelsac izleva sabazro sistema. (z.g ) (2) ar gavcvli salsa kldeebsa ukvdavebisa xezeda ; vajkacsa guli rkinisa, abjari Tundac xisao (m.s ) 55

56 (3) The scripture says, And let us not be weary in well-doing, for in due season, we shall reap, if we faint not. (B.C ) rogorc ukve arvnisne, prezidentebi xsirad mimartaven sintaqsuri stilisturi xerxebis gamoyenebas, ritac enis poeturi funqciis realizacia xdeba. prezidentta gamosvlebsi sintaqsuri stilisturi xerxebidan yvelze xsirad gxvdeba: sruli da arasruli paraleluri konstruqciebi da gameoreba (gansakutrebit ki anaforuli gameorebebi) rac ritmis Camoyalibebas uwyobs xels, mimartvas ufro sasimovnos xdis mosasmenad da arsaqmelad, da Tu fsiqologebs davujerebt, aadvilebs damaxsovrebas, albat swored am intenciit mimartaven prezidentebi xsirad mokle advilad dasamaxsovrebeli frazebis gamoyenebas. ganvixilot Semdegi magalitebi. pirvel da me-2 magalitebsi gamoyenebulia frazebis Cven vtqvit da We know (sadac Cven eqskluziuri mnisvnelobit gamoiyeneba) anaforuli gameoreba da arasruli paraleluri konstruqciebi: (1) Cven vtqvit, rom amas movspobdit da movspet kidec. Cven vtqvit, rom QquCaSi policieli araravis gaacerebda. Cven vtqvit, rom SevqmnidiT saxelmwifos. amis aravis ar sjeroda, magram SevZeliT. Cven movaxdinet saswauli da ase unda gavagrzelot. (m.s ) (2) We know what works: Freedom works. We know what's right: Freedom is right. We know how to secure a more just and prosperous life for man on Earth: through free markets, free speech, free elections, and the exercise of free will unhampered by the state. (G.W.H.B ) me-3 magalitsi gamoyenebulia deontikuri modalobis gamomxatveli konstruqciis Let us anaforuli gameoreba, rac gamiznulia msmenelis yuradrebis mipyrobaze mowodebebze, romlebsac prezidenti klintoni gadascems msmenels. 56

57 (3) And so, my fellow Americans, we must be strong, for there is much to dare. The demands of our time are great and they are different. Let us meet them with faith and courage, with patience and a grateful and happy heart. Let us shape the hope of this day into the noblest chapter in our history. Yes, let us build our bridge. A bridge wide enough and strong enough for every American to cross over to a blessed land of new promise. (B.C ) (4) 90-iani wlebis dasawyissi Cven ar gvqonda samoqalaqo sazogadoeba. Cven bolo otxi wlis manzilze avasenet samoqalaqo sazogadoebis safuzvlebi. 90-iani wlebis dasawyissi Cven ar gvqonda socialurad orientirebuli sabazro ekonomika. Cven gavasrulet sabazro ekonomikis ZiriTadi safuzvlebis Camoyalibeba iani wlebis dasawyissi Cven ar gvqonda legitimuri municipaluri xelisufleba da TviTmmarTveloba. bolo wlebsi CamovayalibeT adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvleoba iani wlebis dasawyissi Cven, faqtobrivad, ar gvyavda, organizebuli SeiaraRebuli Zalebi. xuti wlis manzilze SevqmeniT erovnuli SeiaraRebuli Zalebi.... (e.s ) kvlav anaforuli gameorebis magaliti (4), Tumca am SemTxvevaSi kutvnilebiti zmnit (qona/yola) gamoxatuli egzistencialuri frazis 90- iani wlebis dasawyissi Cven ar gvqonda/gvyavda -as gamoyenebit. Semdeg magalitsi (5) ki epiforul gameorebas vxvdebit frazisa may be new : (5) Our challenges may be new. The instruments with which we meet them may be new. But those values upon which our success depends - hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism - these things are old. These things are true. (B.O ) 57

58 I Tavis daskvna prezidentta gamosvlebsi realizebuli enis funqciebis analizis Sedegad gamovitane Semdegi daskvnebi: 1.1 referenciuli funqcia prezidentta gamosvlebsi realizdeba faqtobrivi informaciis gadacemit, romelic zogjer gamyarebulia statistikuri monacemebit, rac met damajereblobas szens gamosvlas da rasac gamosvlis daaxloebit erti mesamedi nawili ukavia prezidentta sxvadasxva gamosvlasi informatiulobis done gansxvavebulia emociuri funqciis realizacia prezidentta gamosvlebsi xorcieldeba enis sxvadasxva doneze, ristvisac gamoiyeneba stilisturi Rirebulebis mqone enobrivi erteulebi, Sesityvebebi, frazebi, martivi an rtuli konstruqciebi, winadadebebi. mati mesveobit gadmocemulia mosaubris grznobebi da damokidebuleba prezidentta gamosvlebsi emociuri funqciis realizeba sityvis doneze Semdegnairad xorcieldeba: sityvis denotaciur mnisvnelobastan ertad gansakutrebit sainteresod gamoiyeneba sityvis rogorc dadebiti, aseve uaryofiti konotaciuri mnisvnelobebi, Warbad gamoiyeneba saleqsikono da konteqstualuri (metafora), iseve rogorc, logikuri da emociuri (epiteti) mnisvnelobebis urtiertqmedebebi emociuri funqcia winadadebis doneze realizdeba eqspresiuli, gamomxatvelobiti sasualebebit da stilisturi xerxebit, romeltagan swarbobs antiteza, paraleluri konstruqciebi da anaforuli gameoreba prezidentta gamosvlebsi gamovyavi prezidentta mimartvebis aucilebeli elementi emociurad datvirtuli damamtavrebeli 58

59 frazebi, rac locva-kurtxevis formulebit aris warmodgenili da rac msmenelsi dadebit emociebs arzravs. 3.1 prezidentta gamosvlebsi enis konatiuri funqcia zogjer gadmocemulia ritorikuli SekiTxvebiT, rac gamiznulia adresatze zemoqmedebis misarwevad da miznad isaxavs msmenelis CarTulobis gazrdas, matsi garkveuli grznobebisa da damokidebulebis arzvras. prezidentta inglisurenovan gamosvlebsi ritorikuli SekiTxvebi otxi tipis kitxviti struqturit gadmoicema, xolo qartulenovan gamosvlebsi vxvdebit mxolod kitxvitsityvian winadadebebs enis konatiuri funqcia vlindeba msmenelisadmi mimartul mowodebebsa da direqtivebsi. prezidentta gamosvlebsi gamovyavi Sesabamisi formulebit gamoxatuli mowodebebis da direqtivebis qvetipebi mowodebebisa da direqtivebis gacemisas prezidentebi msmenelis yuradrebis gamaxvilebis miznit aqtiurad iyeneben sxvadasxva sintaqsur eqspresiul sasualebas da stilistur xerxs, rogoricaa magalitad, stilisturi CamonaTvali, anaforuli gameoreba da paraleluri konstruqciebi, rac kidev ufro azlierebs auditoriis yuradrebas Setyobinebis Sinaarsze fatikuri funqcia prezidentta gamosvlebsi realizdeba, rogorc mimartvis dasawyissi, ise Sua da bolo nawilebsi kvlevis Sedegad gamovyavi frazebis ramdenime klasi, romelic prezidentta gamosvlebsi enis fatikur funqcias asrulebs. prezidentta, rogorc inglisurenovan aseve qartulenovan mimartvebsi aqtiurad gamoiyeneba I) madlierebis gamomxatveli Tavaziani frazebi da II) misalmebis gamomxatveli frazebi. analizis Sedegad arnisnuli frazebi struqturis mixedvit davyavi ramdenime qvetipad Sesabamisi formulebit. 59

60 4.3. xsirad fatikuri funqciis realizacia eqspresivis tipis sametyvelo aqtebit xorcieldeba saprezidento gamosvlebsi enis fatikuri funqcia xsirad piris deiqsis mesveobit realizdeba empiriuli masalis statistikuri kvlevis Sedegad gamoirkva, rom prezidentta mimartvebsi mravlobiti ricxvis pirveli piris nacvalsaxelis Cven/WE gamoyeneba 5.4 jer aremateba mxolobiti ricxvis pirveli piris me/i gamoyenebas. mravlobiti ricxvis pirveli piris nacvalsaxelis mimarteba mxolobiti ricxvis pirveli piris nacvalsaxeltan Semdegnairad gamoiyureba: Cven/WE 84 %; me/i- 16% 4.6 pirveli piris mxolobiti nacvalsaxeli me/i ar gamoiyeneba marali sixsirit, mas vxvdebit mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac referencia mxolod mtqmelzea, prezidentis mier konkretul faqtze garkveuli pasuximgeblobis arebis an pirovnuli damokidebulebis gamoxatvis SemTxvevaSi konkretul movlenastan mimartebasi prezidentta gamosvlebsi gadawarbebulad gamoiyeneba pirveli piris mravlobiti nacvalsaxeli Cven/WE, misi gamoyeneba fatikur funqcias asrulebs da kidev ufro aaxloebs msmenels mosaubrestan. prezidentta mimartvebsi nacvalsaxelis Cven/WE gamoyeneba ucens msmenels imis gancdas, rom is Tavadac qveyanasi mimdinare politikuri procesebis da dinamikis nawilia nacvalsaxeli Cven/WE sakmaod farto mnisvnelobit gamoiyeneba. konteqstidan gamomdinare, nacvalsaxeli Cven/WE sxvadasxva mnisvnelobas izens. Kkvlevis Sedegad gamovyavi I) inkluziuri Cven/WE (mosaubre + msmeneli = prezidenti + auditoria + yvela) (qar.); Inclusive WE ( = speaker + other (s) + addressee = president + audience + all) (ing.) 60

61 II) eqskluziuri Cven Cven/WE (mosaubre + sxv(ebi)a - msmeneli = prezidenti + mtavroba) (qar.); Exclusive WE (= speaker + other (s) - addressee = president + government) (ing.) 5. prezidentta gamosvlebsi metalingvisturi funqcia satanado registris, stilis (oficialuri, araoficialuri, neitraluri, amarlebuli stili) da metaenis SerCevaSi vlindeba, rodesac prezidentebi saubroben saerto Temebis irgvliv, rogoricaa qveynis da eris Rirebulebebi, siketis (demokratiis) brzola borotebis (tiraniis) winaarmdeg da sxv. saprezidento gamosvlebsi sakmaod xsiria amarlebuli stilis gamoyeneba. amarlebul stils xsirad citatebis, aluziebis, metaforebis da sxva stilisturi Tu eqspresiuli sasualebebis gamoyeneba qmnis, rac poeturobasa da eqspresiulobas szens natqvams da Sesabamisad xdeba enis poeturi da/an emociuri funqciis realizebac. 6. prezidentta gamosvlebsi enis poeturi funqcia Zalzed xsirad aris realizebuli. poeturi funqcia gamoixateba: a) fonetikuri gamomxatvelobiti sasualebebi da stilisturi xerxebit, rogoricaa: aliteracia, ritma, ritmi. b) sintaqsuri eqspresiuli gamomxatvelobiti sasualebebit da stilisturi xerxebit, romeltaganac swarbobs paraleluri konstruqciebi, anaforuli gameoreba, polisindetoni; g) myari sityvatsetanxmebebit, rogoricaa: klise, andazebi, citatebi, da literaturuli, istoriuli, religiuri aluziebi. 7. prezidentta gamosvlebsi enis eqvsive funqcia - referenciuli, emociuri, konatiuri, fatikuri, metalingvisturi, poeturi funqcia - aqtiurad realizdeba da aris korelaciasi ertmanettan. prezidentebis mier msmenelisatvis gadacemuli faqtobrivi informacia emociurad, eqspresiulad, poeturad datvirtulia, ris 61

62 Sedegad prezidentebi msmenelsi satanado, sasurvel reaqcias arzraven, amas garkveulwilad mati metaenac ganapirobebs. msmeneltan kavsirs fatikuri funqciit, xolo mat CarTulobas konatiuri funqciis relizebis gzit arweven. 8. prezidentta gamosvlebsi eqvsive funqciis realizaciisas marali sixsirit gamoiyeneba rogorc leqsikuri da sintaqsuri, aseve fonetikuri stilisturi xerxebi da gamomxatvelobiti sasualebebi. 62

63 Tavi 2 sametyvelo aqtta lingvisturi realizaciis Taviseburebani prezidentta gamosvlebsi winamdebare TavSi prezidentta gamosvlebs sametyvelo aqtta Teoriis kutxit ganvixilav. prezidentta gamosvlebis sametyvelo aqtta Teoriis TvalsazrisiT ganxilva saprezidento mimartvebis ilokuciuri Zalisa da im lingvisturi sasualebebis garkvevas isaxavs miznad, romlebic xels uwyoben, erti mxriv, arnisnuli Zalis realizacias, xolo meore mxriv, garkveul perlokuciur efeqtze arian gatvlili. kvlevis mizans aseve warmoadgens garkveva imisa, Tu romeli sametyvelo aqtebi gamoiyeneba saprezidento gamosvlebsi, ra aris mati gamoyenebis sixsire, rogori mimarteba arsebobs gamoyenebul sametyvelo aqtebs Soris da aseve ilokuciuri Zalis Tu ra maidentificirebeli sasualebebi (IFIDs) gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva ilokuciuri mizanis gamosaxatavad. empiriuli masalis sametyvelo aqtta Teoriis TvalsazisiT kvlevisas veyrdobi j. ostinis da j. serlis Teoriebs sametyvelo aqtta Sesaxeb. (Austin 1962; Searl 1969) rogorc cnobilia, j. ostinma gamonatqvamis sakomunikacio efeqti daukavsira sam aspeqts, esenia: 1) lokucia; 2) ilokucia da 3) perlokucia 1) lokucia / lokuciuri aqti (Locutionary Act) moicavs gamonatqvamis propoziciul Sinaars. 2) ilokucia/ ilokuciuri aqti (Illocutionary Act) aris garkveuli propoziciuli mnisvnelobis gamonatqvami, romelic komunikaciis processi izens specifikur perlokuciur Zalas pragmatikul mnisvnelobas, romelic SeiZleba Tavdapirveli propoziciuli mnisvnelobis sruliad sapirispiro oyos. 63

64 3) perlokucia/perlokuciuri aqti (Perlocutionary Act) aris calkeuli ilokuciuri Zalis mqone gamonatqvami gatvlili garkveul perlokuciur efeqtze, rac gulisxmobs adresatze garkveuli zegavlenis moxdenas.. ostini gansakutrebul aqcents ilokuciaze aketebs da gamoyofs sametyvelo aqtebis xut tips, rogoricaa: eqspozitivebi (Expositives), komisivebi (Commissives), bihebitivebi (Behabitives), eqsersitivebi (Exercitives), verdiqtivebi (Verdictives). (Austine 1962). mogvianebit serli arrmavebs sametyvelo aqtebis kvlevas da gamoyofs klasifikaciisatvis sawiro 12 nisans, rac Semdeg otx ZiriTad maxasiateblamde dahyavs. esenia: 1) sametyvelo aqtebis ilokuciuri arsi (illocutionary point), romelic warmogvidgens realobas ama Tu im saxit. 2) sametyvelo aqtebis gamoyenebis dros Sesabamisobis mimarteba (direction of fit): gansazrvravs enis Sesabamisobas realobastan an iriqit. adamianta verbaluri aqtivoba potenciurad mainc Seesabameba im gare samyaros, sadac vcxovrobt da cvlis mas. Cvlilebis ganxorcieleba xdeba sametyvelo aqtebis gamoyenebis safuzvelze. nebismier sametyvelo situaciasi individebs aqvt sxvadasxva intencia da sametyvelo aqtebma, romlebsac isini gamoiyeneben, unda asaxon arnisnuli intencia, rogorc mosamzadebeli piroba (preparatory condition). 3) sametyvelo aqti gamoxatavs fsiqologiur mdgomareobas. 4) sametyvelo aqts safuzvlad udevs garkveuli propoziciuli Sinaarsi. yovelive zemot xsenebulis gatvaliswinebit serli gamoyofs sametyvelo aqtebis Semdeg xut tips: 1) reprezentativi/asertivi (Representative/ Assertive) aris sametyvelo aqtebi, romelta arsic mdgomareobs saqmis vitarebis arwerasa da warmodgenasi; es aris WeSmaritebis macvenebeli aqtebi, romlebic gamoxataven mosaubris rwmena-sexedulebas raime vitarebisadmi, am sametyvelo aqtsi verbaluri qmedeba Seesabameba garesamyaros. (Searl 1980; 64

65 Cutting 2002) reprezentativebi moicaven Semdeg verbalur qmedebebs: mtkiceba (assert); arwera (describe), daskvnis gaketeba (conclude), dajineba (insist), Txovna (claim), hipotezis Camoyalibeba (hypothesize), winaswarganwvreta (predict) da a.s. 2) direqtiva (Directive) aris sametyvelo aqti, romelic orientirebulia adresatze: adresanti adresatis mesveobit cdilobs Secvalos gare samyaro. (Searl 1980; Cutting 2002) direqtivebi gamoxataven adresantis survilebs, es SeiZleba iyos brzaneba (command, order); Txovna (request, ask); mudara (beg); SeTavazeba (suggest); mipatijeba (invite), akrzalva (forbid) da a.s. 3) komisivi (Commissive) aris sametyvelo aqti, romelis arsi aris mosaubris mier valdebulebis areba raimes Sesrulebaze. is ubizgebs mosaubres momavali moqmedebisaken. (Searl 1969; Hatch 1992; Yule 1996) komisivebit gamoxatuli moqmedebebi SesaZloa mosaubrem Seasrulos martom an rogorc jgufis wevrma. komisivebi gansxvavdebian sizlieris mixedvit da moicaven Semdeg verbalur qmedebebs: dapireba (promise); muqara ( threaten); uaryofa (refuse), ficis micema (vow); SeTavazeba (offer); iniciativis areba (volunteer) da a.s. 4) eqspresivi (Expressive) aris sametyvelo aqti, romelis arsia garkveuli fsiqologiuri mdgomareobis gamoxatva; (Searl 1975; Cutting 2002; Levinson 1983) ganasxvaveben ori tipis eqspresivs: erti tipis eqspresivi gamoxatavs mosaubris moralur damokidebulebas, xolo meore tipis ki - emociur damokidebulebas. (van Ek 1976; Hatch 1992) eqspresivebi moicavs Semdeg verbalur qmedebas: qeba (praise); mobodiseba (apologise); milocva (congratulate); wuxili (regret); sinanuli (deplore); misamzimreba (condole); madlobis gamoxatva (thank), misalmeba (welcome/greet) da a.s. 5) deklaracia (Decleration) aris sametyvelo aqti, romlis mizania Secvalos vitareba gare samyarosi. deklaraciis aucilebeli pirobaa, rom verbaluri qmedeba avtoritetis mqone pirovnebam ganaxorcielos. deklaracia badebs axal vitarebas an mdgomareobas da cvlis samyaros 65

66 metyveli subieqtis Sesabamis socialur konteqstsi. (Searl 1969, Hatch 1992, Cutting 2002; Sadock 1988). pirdapir/ eqsplicitur sametyvelo aqtebtan ertad interess iwvevs aseve arapirdapiri/ implicituri sametyvelo aqtebis arseboba, romelsac serli gamoyofs da rac mravlad gvxvdeba prezidentta gamosvlebsi. pirdapiri sametyvelo aqtis SemTxvevaSi xdeba informaciis sityvasityviti gadacema, arapirdapiri sametyvelo aqtis SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs minisnebebs. arapirdapiri gzit gamoxatulebis SemTxvevaSi, struqturasa da funqcias Soris Sesabamisoba arapirdapiria. (Yule 1996; Krekel 1981) serlis mixedvit arapirdapiri sametyvelo aqti igivea, rac arapirdapiri ilokuciri aqti. igi miznad isaxavs auditoriastan implicitur komunikacias da efuzneba adresantisa da adresatis ziar foniseur codnas. arapirdapiri sametyvelo aqtis warmateba damokidebulia auditoriis mier mtqmelis intenciis amocnobaze da mtqmelis mxridan intenciis Sesabamisi lingvisturi formebis SerCevaze, rata gamonatqvamis implikacia nateli gaxados msmenelisatvis. empiriuli masalis statistikuri analizi mizansewonilad mivicnie ganmexorcielebina empiriuli masalis statistikuri kvleva: dadginda sametyvelo aqtta gamoyenebis sixsire da mati urtiertmimarteba, rogorc qartvel aseve amerikel prezidentta gamosvlebsi. statistikuri kvlevis Sedegebi asaxulia qvemot mocemul cxrilebsi: 1. prezidentta gamosvlebsi sametyvelo aqtebis raodenobis grafikuli gamosaxva I) inglisurenovani empiriuli masala 66

67 რეპრეზენტატივები კომისივები დირექტივები ექსპრესივები დეკლარაციები II) qartulenovani empiriuli masala რეპრეზენტატივები კომისივები დირექტივები ექსპრესივები დეკლარაციები 2. prezidentta gamosvlebsi sametyvelo aqtebis realizaciis procentuli gamosaxva I) inglisurenovani empiriuli masala 67

68 დირექტივები 13% ექსპრესივები 5% დეკლარაციები 1% კომისივები 18% რეპრეზენტატივები 63% II) qartulenovani empiriuli masala ექსპრესივები 9% დეკლარაციები 1% დირექტივები 17% რეპრეზენტატივები 51% კომისივები 22% Aamdenad, rogorc qartvel aseve amerikel prezidentta gamosvlebsi raodenobrivad swarbobs reprezentativebis gamoyeneba. amerikel prezidentta gamosvlebsi reprezentativebis raodenoba 63% arwevs, xolo qartvel prezidentta gamosvlebsi 51% Seadgens. reprezentativebs mosdevs komisivebis gamoyeneba, rac qartvel prezidenta gamosvlebsi 4%-iT 68