evropis sabwos Seqmnis istoria da ganvitarebis etapebi: Sesavali...2 A short history of the Council of Europe: Introduction... 3

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2 1 sarcevi Contents evropis sabwos Seqmnis istoria da ganvitarebis etapebi: Sesavali...2 A short history of the Council of Europe: Introduction... 3 evropis sabwo: mimoxilva The Council of Europe: an overview ministrta komiteti The Committee of Ministers saparlamento asamblea The Parliamentary Assembly generaluri mdivani The Secretary General evropis sabwos adgilobriv da regionalur xelisufalta kongresi The Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe adamianis uflebebi: dacva, xelsewyoba da mati darrvevis Tavidan acileba Human rights: protection, promotion and prevention masobrivi informaciis sasualebebi da demokratia...58 Media and Democracy samartlebrivi TanamSromloba Legal co-operation socialuri integracia Social cohesion janmrtelobis dacva Health protection ganatleba Education kultura da memkvidreoba Culture and heritage garemos dacva, landsaftis dacva da mdgradi ganvitareba Environment, Landscape Protection and Sustainable Development sporti Sport axalgazrdoba Youth evropis drosa, himni da premiebi The European fl ag, anthem and prizes evropuli organizaciebi: msgavseba da gansxvaveba European institutions: what s what? mnisvnelovani TariRebi Key dates evropis sabwos sakontaqto da sainformacio centrebi Council of Europe contact and information points evropis sabwos internetgverdebi Council of Europe websites evropis sabwo strasburgsi The Council of Europe in Strasbourg evropis sabwos konvenciebi Council of Europe Treaties

3 2 3 3 evropis sabwos Seqmnis istoria da ganvitarebis etapebi: Sesavali evropa II msoflio omis Semdeg xangrzlivi da damqancveli omis Semdeg evropa metad mzime ekonomikuri, socialuri Tu politikuri saxis problemebis winase armocnda. Seryeuli ekonomikis arorzineba, gavlenis sferota ardgena da, rac mtavaria, momavalsi amgvari tragediis Tavidan acileba iqca omgamovlil saxelmwifota mtavar miznad. Seqmnili mdgomareobidan sauketeso gamosavlad ki masin evropis gaertianeba isaxeboda. evropuli ertianobis ideam pirvelad gaijrera uinston CerCilis 1 sityvasi, romelic man 1946 wlis 19 seqtembers ciurixsi (Sveicaria) warmotqva. CerCilis sityvebit, mtavari iyo evropas epovna xsnis gza, romelic saswaulebrivad Secvlida mtlian surats da sul ramdenime weliwadsi, Sveicariis msgavsad, mteli evropa Tavisufali da bednieri gaxdeboda. `Cven unda avasenot evropis SeerTebuli Statebi,~ - aseti iyo CerCilis mowodeba. im dros evropuli gaertianebis Tema Zalze popularuli iyo da am mozraobis Sedegad safuzveli Caeyara evropuli ertianobisatvis mozrao- bata saertasoriso komitets wlis 7 maiss komitetma moiwvia haagis kongresi, romelic `evropis kongresis~ saxelit aris cnobili. evropis sabwo, romelic ert-erti uzvelesi da yvelaze didi organizaciaa evropasi, 1949 wels daarsda. evropis sabwo 46 wevr qveyanas aertianebs, misi umtavresi saqmianoba ki adamianis uflebata principebis damkvidrebaa. ormocdaatwliani arsebobis manzilze organizaciis samoqmedo are evropasi sagrznoblad gaizarda da mravalferovani gaxda. cnobilma istoriulma movlenebma - sabwota kavsiris daslam, berlinis kedlis ngrevam da civi omis dasrulebam - ganapiroba wevr qveyanata raodenobis zrda da axali prioritetebisa da strategiis SemuSavebis aucilebloba. haagis kongresi evropuli istoriisatvis am metad mnisvnelovanma movlenam atasze meti delegati Sekriba. monawile qveynebis mravalricxovan delegaciebtan ertad damkvirveblis statusit haagasi Tavi moiyares cnobilma politikurma da sasuliero pirebma, gamocenilma mwerlebma, akademikosebma da Jurnalistebma. kongresis mizani iyo evropis gaertianebis mozraobis mnisvnelobis warmocena da am ertianobis misarwevad gzebis dasaxva. kongresis monawileebma miires rezoluciebi,romlebic, sxva sakitxebtan ertad, mouwodebda ekonomikuri da politikuri gaertianebis Seqmnisaken, rac uzrunvelyofda usafrtxoebas, ekonomikur damoukideblobas,socialur ganvitarebas,satatbiro asambleis arcevas erovnuli parlamentebis mier,adamianis uflebebis evropuli qartiis Sedgenasa da qartiis gadawyvetilebata gansaxorcieleblad sasamartlos daarsebas. am gegmasi moiyara Tavi yvela im ideam, romelta safuzvelze axali evropa unda asenebuliyo. kongresma gamoavlina is utanxmoebanic, romlebmac mogvianebit monawileebi dahyo evropuli federaciis upirobo momxreebad (safrangeti da belgia) da ubralo mtavrobatasorisi TanamSromlobis momxreebad (didi britaneti, irlandia da skandinaviis qveynebi). evropis saparlamento asamblea saertasoriso asparezze ganvitarebulma movlenebma - armosavlet-dasavletis dazabulma urtiertobam, romelic gamoixata praris gadatrialebita 2 da ber- linis blokadit, 3 moitxova seriozuli dafiqreba da dris wesrigsi daayena saxelmwifoebs Soris realuri TanamSromlobis aucilebloba. 1 uinston leonard spenser CerCili / ww./, didi britanetis premier-ministri ( ww. da ww.) wlis TebervalSi momxdari e.w. praris gadatrialebis Sedegad Cexoslovakiis komunisturma partiam xelt igdo Zalaufleba. 3 meore msoflio omis Semdeg mokavsireebma berlini dayves 4 nawilad: armosavlet nawili kontroldeboda sabwota kavsiris mier, samxret-dasavleti nawili - ass-is, dasavle- Tis seqtori britanetis, xolo Crdilo-dasavleTi nawili safrangetis mier wels sabwota kavsiris TaosnobiT dawyebuli e.w. berlinis blokada gadaiqca sabwota kavsirisa da ass-is konfliqtis sagnad. A short history of the Council of Europe: Introduction Europe after the World War II The Europe that awoke in the days following the Liberation was in a sorry state, torn apart by five years of war. States were determined to build up their shattered economies, recover their influence and, above all, ensure that such a tragedy could never happen again. Winston Churchill 1 was the fi rst to point to the solution, in his speech of 19 September 1946 in Zurich. According to him, what was needed was a remedy which, as if by miracle, would transform the whole scene and in a few years make all Europe as free and happy as Switzerland is today. We must build a kind of United States of Europe. Movements of various persuasions, but all dedicated to European unity, were springing up everywhere at the time. All these organisations were to combine to form the International Committee of the Movements for European Unity. Its first act was to organise the Hague Congress, on 7 May 1948, remembered as The Congress of Europe. Founded in 1949 the Council of Europe is one of the oldest and the biggest European organisations, which unifies 46 member states and promotes the main principles of the Human Rights. During its 50 years activity the organisation has deepened and spread its field of action throughout the whole continent. The global changes in the European History collapse of the Soviet Union, fall of the Berlin wall and the end of the cold war have defined an increased number of applications for the Council s membership and called for establishing new priorities and an appropriate strategy. The Hague Congress More than a thousand delegates from some twenty countries, together with a large number of observers, among them political and religious figures, academics, writers and journalists, attended the Congress. Its purpose was to demonstrate the breadth of the movements in favour of European unification and to determine the objectives which must be met in order to achieve such a union. A series of resolutions was adopted at the end of the Congress, calling, amongst other things, for the creation of an economic and political union to guarantee security, economic independence and social progress, the establishment of a consultative assembly elected by national parliaments, the drafting of a European charter of human rights and the setting up of a court to enforce its decisions. All the themes around which Europe was to be built were already sketched out in this initial project. The Congress also revealed the divergences, which were soon to divide unconditional supporters of a European federation (France and Belgium) from those who favoured simple inter-governmental co-operation, such as Great Britain, Ireland and the Scandinavian countries. A European Parliamentary Assembly 1 Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill / /; The British Prime Minister ( and ). On the international scene, the sharp East-West tensions marked by the 2

4 4 5 evropis sabwos Seqmnis istoria da ganvitarebis etapebi: Sesavali 5 evropis kongresidan ori Tvis Semdeg safrangetis sagareo saqmeta ministrma, JorJ bidom, 4 miiwvia briuselis xelsekrulebaze 5 xelmomweri partniorebi - didi britaneti da beniluqsis qveynebi, agretve, yvela sxva saxelmwifo, romelsac surda haagis kongresze wamowril winadadebata xorcsesxma. rober Sumanma 6, romelmac ramdenime dris Semdeg Secvala bido, daadastura arnisnuli iniciativa. arsebuli politikuri vitarebis fonze safrangeti, romelsac mxari dauwira belgiam misi premier-ministris pol anri spaakis 7 saxit, gamovida im droisatvis revoluciuri ideit. man evropis saxelmwifoebs mouwoda, SeeqmnaT gafartoebuli Zalauflebis mqone evropuli asamblea, romelsic Sevidodnen sxvadasxva qveynis erovnuli parlamentebis wevrebi da romelic gadawyvetilebebs xmata umravlesobit miirebda. sakitxisadmi amgvari midgoma uaryo didma britanetma, romelic emxroboda Tanam- Sromlobis mtavrobatasoris formas, sadac asambleas mxolod satatbiro organos funqciebi mieniweboda. Tavisi pozicia britanetma mxolod xangrzlivi molaparakebis Semdeg Seamsubuqa. saboloo jamsi, 1949 wlis 27 da 28 ianvars, belgiis dedaqalaqsi, briuselis xelsekrulebaze xelmomweri xuti saxelmwifos 8 sagareo saqmeta ministrebma miarwies kompromiss, romlis Tanaxmadac evropis sabwos struqtura daefuzneboda or sayrdens - daxuruli sxdomebistvis gansazrvrul ministrta komitetsa da Ria sakonsultacio organos sazogadoebrivi SexvedrebisaTvis. TanamSromlobis momxreta dakmayofilebis miznit asambleam miiro wminda satatbiros saxe. gadawyvetilebis mimrebi organos funqciebi ministrta komitets daekisra. amastanave, ertiani evropuli federaciis mxardamwerta motxovnebis Sesasruleblad gadawyda,rom asambleis wevrebi imoqmedebdnen TavianT mtavrobatagan damoukideblad, xmis micemis sruli TavisuflebiT. amastan, didi britanetis motxovnit,wevrebi dainisnebodnen erovnuli mtavrobebis mier. male kompromisis es mnisvnelovani aspeqti gadaxedil iqna da 1951 wlidan parlamentebs mieniwat TavianT warmomadgenelta damoukideblad arcevis uflebamosileba. `didi~ da `mcire~ evropa 1949 wlis 5 maiss, londonsi, wminda jeimsis sasaxlesi, atma saxelmwifom -Mbelgiam, safrangetma, luqsemburgma, niderlandebma, didma britanetma, irlandiam, italiam, daniam, norvegiam da SvedeTma - xeli moawera SeTanxmebas evropis sabwos wesdebis Sesaxeb. amieridan evropis sabwos SeeZlo morvaweobis dawyeba. misi pirveli sesiebi Catarda strasburgsi (safrangeti), sadac sabwom SemdgomSi bina daido. evropis sabwos daarsebidan sul male Seiqmna adamianis uflebata evropuli konvencia, romelsac 1950 wlis 4 noembers moewera xeli romsi. konvencia 1953 wlis 3 seqtembers Sevida ZalaSi. axladdaarsebulma organizaciam gaamartla sazogadoebis farto masebis molodini. evropis sabwo mat esaxebodat im aucilebel instrumentad, romlis mesveobitac gamoixateboda evropeli xalxis ZiriTadi miswrafebebi da sxvadasxvagvari politikuri tendenciebi. swored es azri ido evropis sabwos daarsebis principsi, rac natlad aisaxa misi wesdebis I TavSi: `evropis sabwos mizania, miarwios ufro did ertobas mis wevrebs Soris im idealebisa da miznebis dacvisa da ganxorcielebis miznit, romlebic warmoadgenen mat saerto memkvidreobas da xels uwyoben mat ekonomikur da socialur progress~. dasaxuli miznebis misarwevad sabwos gadaeca da wesdebasi Camoyalibebul iqna garkveuli berketebi. arnisnul dokumentsi natqvamia, rom `es mizani mirweul unda iqnes sabwos organoebis mier saerto sakitxebis ganxilvit, ekonomikur, socialur, kulturul, samecniero, samartlebriv da administraciul sakitxebze SeTanxmebebiT da saerto zomebis mirebit,adamianis uflebata da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis xelsewyobita da Semdgomi xorcsesxmit~. mirweuli kompromisis Tanaxmad,wesdebaSi aranairi minisneba ar gaketebula haagis 4 JorJ-augustin bido / ww./, safrangetis sagareo saqmeta ministri ( da ww.). mogvianebit, wlebsi, Tavdacvis ministri wlis 17 martis xelsekruleba ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli TanamSromlobisa da saerto Tavdacvis Sesaxeb (`briuselis SeTanxmeba~). 6 rober Sumani, / / safrangetis sagareo saqmeta ministri ( ww.). 7 pol anri spaaki / ww./, belgiis premier-ministri ( , 1946, ww.). 8 briuselis xelsekrulebis xelmomweri xuti qveyana: belgia, safrangeti, luqsemburgi, niderlandebi da didi britaneti. Prague coup 2 and the Berlin blockade 3 were to impart a sense of urgency to the need to take action and devote serious thought to a genuine inter-state association. Two months after the Congress of Europe, Georges Bidault 4, the French Minister for Foreign Affairs, issued an invitation to his Brussels Treaty 5 partners, the United Kingdom and the Benelux countries, and to all those who wished to give substance to The Hague proposals. Robert Schuman 6, who replaced him a few days later, confi rmed the invitation. France, supported by Belgium, in the person of its Prime Minister Paul Henri Spaak 7, called for the creation of a European Assembly, with wide-ranging powers, composed of members of parliament from the various states and deciding by a majority vote. This plan, assigning a fundamental role to the Assembly seemed quite revolutionary in an international order hitherto the exclusive preserve of governments. But Great Britain, which favoured a form of intergovernmental co-operation in which the Assembly would have a purely consultative function, rejected this approach. It only softened its stance after lengthy negotiations. Finally, on 27 and 28 January 1949 the five ministers for foreign affairs of the Brussels Treaty 8 countries, meeting in the Belgian capital, reached a compromise: a Council of Europe consisting of a ministerial committee, to meet in private; and a consultative body, to meet in public. In order to satisfy the supporters of co-operation the Assembly was purely consultative in nature, with decision-making powers vested in the Committee of Ministers. In order to meet the demands of those partisans of a Europe-wide federation, members of the Assembly were independent of their governments, with full voting freedom. The United Kingdom demanded that they be appointed by their governments. This important aspect of the compromise was soon to be reviewed and, from 1951 onwards, parliaments alone were to choose their representatives. Greater and Smaller Europe On 5 May 1949, in St James s Palace, London, the treaty constituting the Statute of the Council of Europe was signed by ten countries: Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, accompanied by Ireland, Italy, Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The Council of Europe was now able to start work. Its first sessions were held in Strasbourg, which was to become its permanent seat. In the initial flush of enthusiasm, the fi rst major convention was drawn up: the European Convention 2 After the Prague coup in February 1948 the Czechoslovakian communist party has came into force. 3 By the end of the World War II the allies divided Berlin into 4 parts: eastern part was under the control of USSR, the south-western by US, western by UK and the North-western by French forces. A Soviet-backed Berlin blockade started on 1948 became the reason of US-Soviet confrontation. 4 Georges-Augustin Bidault / /. French Foreign Minister ( and ), lately Minister of defense ( ). 5 Treaty of Economic, Social, and Cultural Collaboration and Collective Self-Defense ( The Brussels Treaty ), March 17, Robert Schuman / / French Foreign Minister ( ). 7 Paul Henri Spaak / /. Belgian Prime Minister ( , 1946, ). 8 Five signatory states of the Brussels Treaty: Belgium, France, Luxemburg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. on Human Rights signed in Rome on 4 November 1950 and coming into force on 3 September The new organisation satisfied a very wide range of public opinion, which saw in it an instrument through which the various political tendencies, and the essential aspirations of the peoples of Europe, could be expressed. This was indeed the purpose for which it was founded, as clearly stated in Chapter I of its Statute: The aim of the Council of Europe is to achieve a greater unity between its Members for the purpose of safeguarding and realising the ideals and principles which are their common 4 A short history of the Council of Europe: Introduction

5 6 7 evropis sabwos Seqmnis istoria da ganvitarebis etapebi: Sesavali 7 kongresis delegatta mier mowodebuli `ekonomikuri da politikuri ertobis~ xorcsesxmis miznit konstituciis Seqmnis an erovnuli suverenitetis datmobisa Tu Serwymis Sesaxeb. arsebulma mdgomareobam warmosva ori organos Seqmnis aucilebloba,rac uzrunvelyofda politikur da ekonomikur frontebze wamowril saswrafo sakitxta dargobriv gadawyvetas. germaniis federaciuli respublikis gawevrianebis Semdeg mokle xansi rober Sumanma evropis sabwos yvela wevr saxelmwifos mimarta winadadebit, daearsebinat sxvadasxvagvari politikuri da sabiujeto sasualebebit arwurvili evropis qvanaxsirisa da foladis Tanamegobroba. Sumanis winadadebas gamoexmaura integraciis ideis yvelaze metad momxre eqvsi saxelmwifo _ belgia, safrangeti, italia, luqsemburgi, niderlandebi da germaniis federaciuli respublika _ da 1951 wlis 9 maiss xeli moewera Tanamegobrobis Sesaxeb pirvel SeTanxmebas. `didi evropis~ saqmianobis Sedegad mirebuli gamocdilebisa da pasuxismgeblobis safuzvelze gazlierebulma `mcire evropam~ daiwyo `Tavisi wvlilis Setana jer ucnob saqmesi~, rasac evropis armsenebloba erqva. evropis sabwos ganvitarebis sawyisi etapebi daarsebidan 1970 wlamde evropis sabwos damfuznebel saxelmwifoebs kidev rva qveyana miuertda (gawevrianebis TanmimdevrobiT _ saberzneti, islandia, TurqeTi, germania (gfr),avstria, kviprosi, Sveicaria da malta). mteli am drois ganmavlobasi organizaciam etapobrivad ganavitara Tavisi struqtura da ZiriTadi institutebi. magalitad,1960 wels gaimarta adamianis uflebata evropuli sasamartlos pirveli sajaro mosmena. amave wlebsi Catarda ministrta komitetis specializebuli konferenciebi. 70-iani wlebis dasawyisisatvis es konferenciebi bevrad ufro farto speqtris sferoebs moicavda wels Catarebulma pirvelma amgvarma Sexvedram Tavi mouyara socialur da ojaxur sakitxebze pasuxismgebel evropel ministrebs wlis 18 oqtombers romsi xeli moewera evropis socialur qartias, romelic sabwos mier adamianis uflebata evropuli konvenciis damatebit dokumentad ganixileba socialuri sferosi wlis 26 Tebervals qartia ZalaSi Sevida. es mnisvnelovani dokumenti warmoadgens uflebata 19 saxes,mat Soris,gaficvisa da socialuri dacvis uflebebs,magram ar gaacnia adamianis uflebata konvenciis moqmedebis msgavsi efeqtiani meqanizmi. miuxedavad amisa, igi etapobrivad vitardeba socialur uflebata dacvis saerto instrumentad da vrceldeba mteli evropis masstabit. amave periodsi wels - daarsda kulturuli TanamSromlobis sabwo. am sabwosi gawevrianebis ufleba mieca im qveynebsac, romlebic ar Sediodnen evropis sabwos SemadgenlobaSi. ert-erti aseti qveyana iyo fineti, romelic Tavad sabwos mxolod 28 wlis Semdeg SeuerTda. am periodsi daarsda evropuli farmakopea (1964 w.) da gaixsna evropis axalgazrduli centric (1967 w.). krizisi evropis sabwos pirveli da mnisvnelovani politikuri krizisi 1967 wels dadga, rodesac saberznetsi oficerta gundma daamxo kanonieri gzit arceuli mtavroba da daamyara evropis sabwos mier dadgenili demokratiuli normebis sawinaarmdego, avtoritaruli mmartveloba wlis 12 dekembers, sul ori saatit adre, vidre evropis sabwo miirebda gadawyvetilebas saberznetis garicxvis Sesaxeb, oficrebis rejimma daacqara movlenebi, uaryo adamianis uflebata evropuli konvencia da gavida evropis sabwos Semadgenlobidan. saberznetis wevroba ar ganaxlebula momdevno xuti wlis ganmavlobasi, 1974 wlis 28 noembramde, rodesac moxda diqtaturis damxoba da demokratiis ardgena. amave periodsi, 1974 wels, Tavi icina kviprosis problemamac,rac gamoixata TurqeTis samxedro intervenciita da kunzulis dayofit. evropis sabwosatvis es metad negatiur gamocdilebas warmoadgenda. evropis sabwosa da gaero-s generaluri mdivnis mcdeloba, monawileoba mierot sakitxis mogvarebasi, sruli warumateblobit dasrulda. krizisis axalma wyarom icina Tavi 1981 wels, rodesac saparlamento asambleam ramdenime kvirit adre momxdar samxedro gadatrialebaze sapasuxod, TurqeTis delegatebs heritage, and facilitating their economic and social progress. In order to achieve its objectives, certain means were made available to the Council and were listed in the Statute, which specified that: This aim shall be pursued through the organs of the Council by discussion of questions of common concern and by agreements and common action in economic, social, cultural, scientific, legal and administrative matters and in the maintenance and further realisation of human rights and fundamental freedoms. In accordance with the compromise reached, the Statute made no mention of drawing up a constitution, or of pooling national sovereignty, in order to achieve the economic and political union called for by The Hague delegates. Consequently, the need was soon felt to set up separate bodies to address the urgent questions arising on the political and economic fronts. Shortly after the accession of the Federal Republic of Germany, Robert Schuman approached all the Council of Europe countries with a proposal for a European Coal and Steel Community, to be provided with very different political and budgetary means. The six countries most attached to the ideal of integration - Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the Federal Republic of Germany - joined, and on 9 May 1951 signed the very first Community treaty. Strengthened by the experience and commitment which had brought the Greater Europe into existence, the Smaller Europe was now making its own leap into the unknown of European construction. Early developments In the years between 1949 and 1970, eight new countries joined the founder members: in order of accession Greece, Iceland, Turkey, Germany, Austria, Cyprus, Switzerland and Malta. In this period, the organisation gradually developed its structure and its major institutions. Thus, the fi rst public hearing of the European Court of Human Rights took place in These years also saw the introduction of the first specialized ministerial conferences; by the early 1970s they had been extended to cover a wide range of areas. The fi rst, in 1959, brought together European ministers responsible for social and family affairs. On 18 October 1961, the European Social Charter was signed in Rome: a text which the Council sees as the counterpart of the European Convention on Human Rights in the social domain. The Charter came into force on 26 February It sets out 19 rights, including the right to strike and the right to social protection, but does not have such effective machinery as the Human Rights Convention. Nevertheless, it is gradually developing into a common body of social rights that apply right across Europe. The same era saw the institution of the Council for Cultural Co-operation in 1961, which non-council of Europe member states were allowed to join from the outset. One example was Finland, which only joined the Council itself 28 years later. Similarly, the European Pharmacopoeia was founded in 1964 and the European Youth Centre in Crises The Council of Europe s first major political crisis came in 1967 when the Greek colonels overthrew the legally elected government and installed an authoritarian regime which openly contravened the democratic principles defended by the organisation. On 12 December 1969, just a few hours before a decision would have been taken to exclude Greece, the colonels regime anticipated matters by denouncing the European Convention on Human Rights and withdrawing from the 6 A short history of the Council of Europe: Introduction

6 8 9 evropis sabwos Seqmnis istoria da ganvitarebis etapebi: Sesavali 9 gauuqma saparlamento adgilebi. parlamentsi Tavisi adgilebi TurqeTis delegaciam mxolod 1984 wels, demokratiuli arcevnebis Catarebis Semdeg daibruna. dasavlet evropis sivrcesi ukanaskneli avtoritaruli rejimis dasasruli saberznetis dabrunebit arinisna wlis 22 seqtembers organizaciasi gawevrianda portugalia. es moxda salacaristebis 9 48 wliani diqtaturis damamxobeli msvidobiani revoluciidan (1974 wlis aprili) ori wlis Semdeg wlis 24 noembers ki evropis sabwosi espanetic Sevida, rac SesaZlebeli gaxda 1975 wels general frankos 10 gardacvalebis Semdeg. daaxloeba armosavlettan kidev erti rtuli periodi evropis sabwos morvaweobasi dadga 1985 wels,rodesac armosavlet da centralur evropasi demokratiis gavrcelebis miznit, organizaciis mxridan gadaidga pirveli konkretuli nabijebi wlis ianvarsi ministrta komitetis Tavmjdomarem, hans-ditrix genserma, 11 moiwvia Tavisi kolegebi sagangebo sesiaze, romelic miezrvna armosavlet-dasavletis urtiertobebs. es iyo ertgvari anarekli im mnisvnelovani procesebisa, rac masin vitardeboda armosavlet evropis qveynebsi _ ruminetsi, polonetsa da sabwota kavsirsi, sadac xelisuflebis satavesi movida mixeil gorbacovi. 12 am procesebis Sedegad SesaZlebeli gaxda evropuli kulturuli TviTmyofadobis ideis armoceneba. swored am ideas exeboda 1985 wlis aprilsi mirebuli rezolucia. evropis sabwom, romelsac sjeroda, rom ertoba Tundac mravalsaxeobis SemTxvevaSi warmoadgenda evropuli memkvidreobis safuzvels, mkafiod daafiqsira Tavisi pozicia, romlis Tanaxmadac saxelmwifota saerto tradiciebi da evropuli TviTSegneba ar izrudeba sxvadasxva politikur sistemata sazrvrebit. amastan, evrosatatbiros (CSCE) saboloo aqtit organizaciam xazi gausva, rom kulturuli TanamSromlobis gazliereba aris xalxebs da mtavrobebs Soris urtiertgagebis SenarCunebisa da ganvitarebis efeqtiani sasualeba. Tavis mxriv, armosavlet evropis qveynebi didi mondomebit Caebnen am mravlismomtani procesis ganvitarebis saqmesi. bolos da bolos, daaxloeba gaxda ara marto SesaZlebeli, aramed aucilebelic. bunebrivia, evropis sabwo metad kmayofili iyo armosavlet evropis sivrcesi demokratiis procesis dinamiuri gavrcelebit da im socialuri da ekonomikuri ZvrebiT, romlebic Tan sdevda e.w. `perestroikas~ 13. arnisnul procesebsi evropis sabwos roli da movaleoba mdgomareobda am axali mimartulebis mxardawerasi, mis Seuqcevad procesad Camoyalibebasa da yvela im qveynisatvis daxmarebis gawevasi, romlebic am rtul procesebsi Tanadgomas sawiroebdnen. organizaciis amocana gaxda TanamSromlobis warmartva ara sakutari damkvidrebuli principebis uaryofit, aramed arsebuli mdgomareobisadmi mati morgebis gzit. es gaxda evropis sabwos saxelmzrvanelo principi da gamoixata ministrta komitetis mier samoqmedo kursis SecvlaSi, rac 1989 wlis 5 maisis deklaraciasi Camoyalibda. axali mimartulebit gadadgmuli nabijebi sakmaod warmatebuli gamodga,rasac xeli Seuwyo aqtiurma molaparakebebma (mat Soris: generaluri mdivnis vizitma ungretsi, Semdeg ki polonetsi; saparlamento asambleis prezidentis vizitebma budapestsa da varsavasi; mogvianebit, armosavlet evropis qveynebisa da sabwota kavsiris warmomadgenel eqspertta delegaciebis vizitebma strasburgsi da a.s.). mdgomareobis amgvarma Semobrunebam safuzveli Cauyara myar TanamSromlobas da saerto strategiebis gansazrvras. amgvarad, evropis sabwos samoqmedo areali gaizarda da swrafad gafartovda armosavletis mimartulebit. gawevrianebis kandidati axali qveynebisatvis organizacia warmoadgenda molaparakebata principze dafuznebul ertgvar gardamaval safexurs diqtaturidan demokratiuli wyobisaken,risi magalitic warsulsi portugaliam da espanetma gvacvenes wlis aprils dawyebuli revoluciis (~Revolução dos Cravos~ `yvavilebis revolucia~) Sedegad daemxo antonio de oliveira salacarisa / / ( ww.) da misi memkvidris marselo kaetanos / / ( ww.) diqtatoruli rejimi. 10 fransisko franko bahamonde / ww./,espanetis diqtatori ( ww.). 11 hans-ditrix genseri, germaniis federaciuli respublikis sagareo saqmeta ministri ( ww). 12 mixeil gorbacovi, sabwota kavsiris komunisturi partiis centraluri komitetis generaluri mdivani ( ww.). 13 `perestroika~ - 80-ian wlebsi mixeil gorbacovis mier sab- WoTa kavsirsi radikaluri socialur-ekonomikuri reformis gasatareblad warmodgenili programa. Council of Europe. It did not return until five years later, on 28 November 1974 after the fall of the dictatorship and the restoration of democracy. In the meantime, the Cypriot crisis, which broke out in the summer of 1974 and culminated in the partitioning of the island after Turkish military intervention, represented a fairly negative experience for the Council of Europe, whose discreet efforts to broker a solution, alongside those of the United Nations Secretary General, were not crowned with success. A new crisis arose in 1981 when the Parliamentary Assembly withdrew the Turkish parliamentary delegation s right to their seats in response to the military coup d état a few weeks earlier. The Turkish delegation only resumed its place in 1984 after the holding of free elections. Greece s return marked the disappearance of the last authoritarian regime in Western Europe. Portugal had made its Council of Europe debut on 22 September 1976, two years after its peaceful revolution of April 1974, bringing an end to 48 years of Salazarist 9 dictatorship, while the death of General Franco 10 in 1975 eventually led to Spain s accession on 24 November A rapprochement with East A further, critical stage in the Council of Europe s life started in 1985 with the first movements to introduce democracy to central and Eastern Europe. In January of that year Hans-Dietrich Genscher 11, Chairman of the Committee of Ministers, invited his colleagues to take part in an extraordinary session devoted entirely to East-West relations. This process of reflection, that took account of the trend emerging in Eastern Europe - in Romania and Poland, and in the Soviet Union, where Mikhail Gorbachev 12 had just come to power - gave rise to the notion of a European cultural identity, which became the subject of a resolution in April Convinced that unity in diversity was the basis of the wealth of Europe s heritage, the Council of Europe noted that their common tradition and European identity did not stop at the boundaries between the various political systems; it stressed, in the light of the CSCE Final Act, the advantage of consolidating cultural co-operation as a means of promoting a lasting understanding between peoples and between governments. The Eastern European countries grasped this outstretched hand with enthusiasm. Rapprochement had at last become not only possible but necessary. The Council of Europe was naturally delighted by the process of democratisation set in motion in the East, together with the economic and social reforms introduced in the name of perestroika 13. It was the Council s role and purpose to support this trend, to help make it irreversible, and to fulfill the expectations of the countries calling upon it for assistance. Not of course by renouncing its principles but, on the contrary, by making them a precondition for any form of co-operation. 9 After the revolution of April 1974 / Revolução dos Cravos Revolution of Flovers / the dictatorship of António Oliveira Salazar / / ( ) and his successor Marcello Caetano / / ( ) was overthrown; 10 Francisco Franco Bahamonde / /. Spanish dictator ( ); 11 Hans-Dietrich Genscher. Foreign Minister of the Federal Republic of Germany ( ); 12 Mikhail Gorbachev. Secretary General of the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party ( ). 13 The programme presented by Mikhail Gorbachev in 80s was aiming at the radical social-political reform in USSR. This became the Council of Europe s guiding principle, as refl ected in the Committee of Ministers change of course set out in its declaration of 5 May The new direction represented both an achievement and a first step, and was the outcome of a number of exchanges (the Secretary General s visit to Hungary, then Poland; the visits by the President of the Parliamentary Assembly to Budapest and Warsaw, and the visits to Strasbourg of delega- 8 A short history of the Council of Europe: Introduction

7 10 11 evropis sabwos Seqmnis istoria da ganvitarebis etapebi: Sesavali 11 saerto evropuli saxli 80-iani wlebis dasasruls sabwota kavsiris lideri mixeil gorbacovi gamovida mimartvit dasavlet evropis asambleis parmalentarta winase. damtxveva ar yofila is faqtic, rom sabwota liderma Tavisi moxsenebis wasakitxad aircia evropis sabwo, sadac 1989 wlis 6 ivlisis gamosvlasi man wamoayena ganiararebis axali winadadeba (mokle radiusis moqmedebis birtvul raketata calmxrivi Semcirebis Sesaxeb),saerTo evropuli saxlis ganvitarebis idea (Zalis gamouyenebloba, brejnevis doqtrinis uaryofa da socializmis mxardawera) da isaubra adamianis uflebebze (Tumca ar mouxsenebia evropuli konvencia!). evropis sabwom Zalze frtxilad daiwyo axali urtiertobebis damyareba wels saparlamento asambleam arcevit safuzvelze daaarsa specialuri stumris statusi, gansazrvruli im qveyanata erovnuli asambleebisatvis, romeltac surdat, xeli moewerat helsinkis saboloo aqtisa da adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb gaertianebuli erebis organizaciis SeTanxmebisaTvis. amgvari statusi dauyovnebliv mieniwat ungretis, polonetis, sabwota kavsirisa da iugoslaviis asambleebs. amastan, gza gaexsna miertebis msurvel yofili sabwota blokis qveynebs 14. mixeil gorbacovis gamosvlidan otxi Tvis Semdeg, 1989 wlis 9 noembers, daemxo berlinis kedeli 15. xsenebul Zvrebze gamoxmaurebis saxit, imave wlis 23 noembers evropis sabwos generalurma mdivanma ganacxada, rom mxolod evropis sabwos Seswevs Zala, gaaertianos evropis yvela qveyana, rodesac es qveynebi daamkvidreben demokratiul kanonebs. 80-iani wlebis miwuruls mimdinare cvlilebebma, gansakutrebit ki e.w. `rkinis fardis~ 16 moslam, arnisna evropis sabwos axali politikuri rolis dasawyisi. ungretis gawevrianeba 1990 wlis 6 noembers, Tavisi qveynis evropis sabwosi gawevrianebastan dakavsirebit, ungretis sagareo saqmeta ministrma ganacxada, rom am movlenam safuzveli Cauyara kontinentze ertobis ardgenas. axali evropeli partniorebisatvis gamocdilebisa da codnis gaziarebis miznit, saswrafod SemuSavda da warmodgenil iqna sagangebo samoqmedo programebi. kandidat qveynebsi mimdinare demokratiul cvlilebata warmatebit dasasruleblad Sedgenili es programebi gatvaliswinebuli iyo rogorc gawevrianebamde, ise gawevrianebis Semdgomi periodebistvis. arnisnuli programebi warmoadgenda programebis demo- stenes, Temisisa da lodis 17 sagangebod am qveynebis sawiroebebistvis misadagebul variantebs, romelta yuradreba gamaxvilebuli iyo iset sakvanzo sakitxebze, rogoric aris axali konstituciebis SemuSaveba, demokratiuli kanonmdeblobis adamianis uflebata evropul konvenciastan SesabamisobaSi moyvana, samoqalaqo samsaxurebis reorganizacia, damoukidebeli samartalwarmoebisa da mediis damkvidreba, adgilobrivi demokratiis xelsewyoba da a.s. saerto jamsi, programata mtavari mizani gaxda axali partniorebis momzadeba evropis demokratiuli da samartlebrivi Tanamegobrobis srulfasovan wevrebad. samiti venasi 1992 wlis 4 maiss, saerto evropul saxlsi centraluri da armosavlet evropis qveynebis integrirebisadmi mizrvnil sesiaze, mimartvit gamovida safrangetis prezidenti fransua mi wlis 1 maiss gaformebuli e.w. varsavis paqtis (megobrobis, TanamSromlobisa da urtiertdaxmarebis xelsekruleba) monawile (armosavluri blokis) qveynebi: albanetis saxalxo respublika, bulgaretis saxalxo respublika, ungretis saxalxo respublika, germaniis demokratiuli respublika, polonetis saxalxo respublika, ruminetis saxalxo respublika, sabwota kavsiri da Cexoslovakiis respublika. 15 berlinis kedeli - germaniis demokratiuli respublikidan ltolvilta masobrivi gadinebis da amis Sedegad socialisturi wyobis dasustebis Tavidan acilebis miznit, 1961 wlis 13 agvistos aigo berlinis kedeli, romelmac srul izolaciasi moaxvedra armosavlet berlini wlis noembersi berlinis kedeli daeca. 16 e.w. `civi omis~ dasawyisis armnisvneli es gamotqma momdinareobs 1946 wlis 5 marts, Stat misuris (ass) vestminsteris kolejis (q. fultoni) TxovniT, uinston CerCilis mier warmotqmuli `rkinis fardis~ saxelit cnobili gamosvlidan. 17 TanamSromlobis iseti programebi, rogorebicaa demostene, Temisi da lodi, romlebic evropis sabwom warmoadgina 90-ian wlebsi,miznad isaxavs evropasi sustad ganvitarebul demokratiata kerebis xelsewyobas, mati politikuri, sakanonmdeblo da konstituciuri reformebis mxardaweras da gamocdilebit daxmarebas iset sferoebsi,rogoricaa adgilobrivi mmartveloba, samartalwarmoeba,sasjelarsrulebiti dawesebulebebis martva da a.s. tions and experts from the USSR and other East European countries). This new departure gave momentum to a process that was to continue to accelerate, exceeding even the most optimistic expectations. Eastern European countries were now knocking impatiently at the door of the Council of Europe, that guardian of human rights; the organisation became a kind of antechamber for negotiating the transition from dictatorship and democracy, as had previously been the case with Portugal and Spain. A common European Home It is no coincidence that the first address by a Soviet leader to an assembly of Western European parliamentarians should have taken place at the Council of Europe. Mikhail Gorbachev chose this particular chamber - on 6 July to put forward a new disarmament proposal (unilateral reduction of short-range nuclear missiles), to promote the idea of a Common European Home (non-use of force, renunciation of the Brezhnev doctrine and maintenance of socialism), and to discuss human rights (albeit without referring to the European Convention!). The Council of Europe started to open its gates very carefully. In 1989, the Parliamentary Assembly established the very selective special guest status for the national assemblies of countries willing to apply the Helsinki final act and the United Nations Covenant on Human Rights. The status was immediately granted to the assemblies of Hungary, Poland, USSR and Yugoslavia and opened the way to the full accession of the former Soviet bloc 14 countries. Four months after Mikhail Gorbachev s address the Berlin wall 15 fell on 9 November This provided the opportunity for the Council of Europe s Secretary General to state, on 23 November, that the Council was the only organisation capable of encompassing all the countries of Europe, once they had adopted democratic rules. The historical changes of 80s last decade, especially the dismantling of an Iron Curtain 16 marked the start of the organisation s new political role. Hungary s accession 14 Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance (Warsaw Pact) Between the People s Republic of Albania, the People s Republic of Bulgaria, the Hungarian People s Republic, the German Democratic Republic, the Polish People s Republic, the Rumanian People s Republic, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and the Czechoslovak Republic (i.e. Eastern Bloc States) (May 1, 1955 July 1,1991). 15 In order to reduce the massive immigration flows from the Democratic Republic of Germany (GDR) and therefore avoid the weakening of the socialist regime, in 13 August 1961 was constructed the Berlin Wall, which has totally isolated the city. In November 1989 the wall felt down. 16 This expression proceeds from the Iron Curtain Speech. On March 5, 1946, at the request of Westminster College in the small Missouri town of Fulton, Winston Churchill gave his now famous Iron Curtain speech. 17 The co-operation programmes like Demosthenes, Themis and Lode were initiated by the Council of Europe in the beginning of 90s. The aim of those programs is to support the developing democracies in strengthening the political, legislative and constitutional reforms, provide them with assistance in the fields of local governance, justice, management of penitentiary institutions etc. Referring to his country s accession to the Council of Europe on 6 November 1990, the Hungarian Minister for Foreign Affairs said that the event marked the first step in the re-establishment of the unity of the continent. Special programmes were rapidly introduced to meet the most pressing needs and allow the new European partners, both before and after their accession, to draw on a shared fund of knowledge and experience to enable them to complete their democratic transition. These programmes were dubbed Demosthenes, Themis and Lode 17 and focused on the key areas of reform: how to design new constitutions, bring domestic legislation into line with the European Convention on Human Rights, reorganise the civil service, establish an independent judiciary and an independent media, 10 A short history of the Council of Europe: Introduction

8 12 13 evropis sabwos Seqmnis istoria da ganvitarebis etapebi: Sesavali 13 terani. 18 gamosvlisas prezidentma dasva kitxva, Tu ratom ar unda ikribebodnen evropis sabwos wevr qveyanata saxelmwifosa da mtavrobata metaurebi yovel or weliwadsi. xangrzlivi ganxilvis Semdeg winadadeba mirebul iqna,martalia, nawilobriv, da avstriam, romelic masin Tavmjdomareobda ministrta komitets (1992 wlis maissa da 1993 wlis noembers Soris periodsi), damswret SesTavaza samitis organizeba da maspinzloba wlis 8-9 oqtombers venasi Catarda samiti, romlis Tanaxmadac damtkicda da ganivrco gafartoebisa da e.w. gaxsnis politika. amave samitma gamoyo sami ZiriTadi prioriteti, sadac ert-erti umtavresi adgili daetmo adamianis uflebata evropuli konvenciis ufro moqnili da efeqtiani samoqmedo meqanizmis Camosayalibeblad reformis gatarebas. swored amas exeba konvenciis damatebiti me-11 oqmi. garda amisa, venis samitze gansakutrebit gamaxvilda yuradreba erovnul umciresobata dacvaze, ris Sedegadac ori wlis Semdeg mirebul iqna erovnul umciresobata dacvisa da Seuwynareblobis winaarmdeg brzolaze CarCo-konvenciebi. amgvarad, evropis sabwom SeiZina axali roli - gaxdes saerto saxli yvela im qveynisatvis, romelic miiswrafis demokratiisken, da daamkvidros demokratiuli usafrtxoeba mteli kontinentis masstabit. am rolis Sesabamisad evropis sabwom venis samitis Semdgomi wlebis ganmavlobasi mkafiod gansazrvra da daxvewa is valdebulebebi, romelta Sesrulebiskenac unda iswrafodes sabwosi gawevrianebis msurveli nebismieri qveyana. evropis sabwo gafartoebul evropasi ukve sabolood panevropuli organizaciis saxe evropis sabwom 1996 wlis TebervalSi, rusetis federaciis gawevrianebis Semdeg miiro. am droidan moyolebuli 800 milioni moqalaqe miirebs monawileobas axali evropis mseneblobasi. morvaweobis am axal etapze sabwo Tavisi saqmianobit unda miesadagos im axlebur garemos, romelic ara marto ufro vrceli da gacilebit mravalferovania, aramed ufro rtuli da naklebad stabiluric. yovelive es ki cvlis evropis sabwos TanamSromlobisken mimartuli programebis xasiats. ganvitarda da gazlierda sametvalyureo saqmianoba. Tanamedrove motxovnilebata Tanaxmad, gacilebit meti yuradreba eqceva imas, Tu ra xdeba ama Tu im konkretul adgilas (magalitad, urtiertndobis ganmtkicebis an Seuwynareblobis dazlevis gzit). axal prioritetta Soris gacnda migracia, korufcia, erovnebis mopovebis ufleba, socialuri gariyva da umciresobebi wlis 1 noembers adamianis uflebata dacvis orgvari meqanizmi Seicvala ertiani sasamartloti, romelmac bina britaneli arqiteqtoris ricard rojersis proeqtit asenebul, e.w. `adamianis uflebata SenobaSi~ daido da 1995 wlis ivnissi amoqmedda. amavdroulad,ufro mwidro integraciis miznit,tavisi TanamSromloba centralur da armosavlet evropis qveynebtan gaafartova ramdenime sxva evropulma 19 da Crdiloatlantikurma organizaciam 20. evrokavsiris mtavrobatasorisi konferenciisa da madridsi Catarebuli nato-s samitis egidit warmoebulma Semdgomma saqmianobam TvalnaTliv acvena, rom samomavlod evropuli TanamSromloba ganvitardeba da ga- Zlierdeba. encourage local democracy. In other words, how to become a full member of the European democratic and legal community. Summit in Vienna On 4 May 1992, François Mitterrand 18 addressed the Parliamentary Assembly in a session largely devoted to integrating the countries of central and eastern Europe in the building of a new Europe. Why, he asked, should all the heads of state and government of the Council of Europe s member countries not meet every two years, alternating with meetings of the CSCE? The proposal was adopted at least in part and Austria, which chaired the Committee of Ministers between May and November 1993, offered to organise and host the summit. The summit was held in Vienna on 8 and 9 October 1993 and confi rmed and extended the policy of opening up and enlargement. It also identified three priorities, starting with the reform of the European Convention on Human Rights machinery to make it more expeditious and effective. This is the subject of the Convention s Protocol no 11. The Vienna summit also laid great emphasis on the protection of national minorities, which was to lead to the adoption of a framework convention less than two years later, and combating intolerance. Thus with its new-found role of offering a home to all the countries of Europe willing to opt for democracy, thereby establishing a continent-wide democratic security area, the Council of Europe has used the years since Vienna to develop and refine the undertakings which any applicant country for membership must be willing to accept. The Council of Europe in an enlarged Europe The arrival of the Russian Federation in February 1996 meant that the institution had finally become fully pan-european. Henceforth, 800 million citizens would be concerned in building the new Europe. The Council s activities are now having to adapt to an environment that is not only wider and more diverse but also more complex and less stable. This is changing the nature of its co-operation programmes. Support and monitoring activities are being strengthened. More attention is being paid to what happens on the ground, for example via confidence measures or campaigns to combat intolerance. New priorities are emerging such as migration, corruption, the right to be granted nationality, social exclusion and minorities. The dual machinery for protecting human rights was replaced on 1 November 1998 by a single Court, housed in the Human Rights Building designed by the British architect Richard Rogers and inaugurated in June At the same time several other European 19 or North Atlantic 20 institutions have been increasing their co-operation with the countries of central and eastern Europe, offering the prospect of closer integration. The work under the auspices of the intergovernmental conference of the European Union and NATO summit held in Madrid, show that European co-operation will continue to develop. 18 fransua miterani / ww/, safrangetis prezidenti ( da ww.). 19 evrokavsiri, euto da a.s. 20 Crdiloatlantikuri organizacia `nato~ (1949 wlis 4 aprils, vasingtonsi /ass/ xeli moewera nato-s damaarsebel xelsekrulebas. amjamad nato-si 26 wevri qveyana Sedis). 18 François Mitterrand / /. President of the Republic of France ( and ). 19 EU, OSCE etc. 20 North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (On 4 April 1949, in Washington (USA) an agreement was signed establishing NATO). 12 A short history of the Council of Europe: Introduction

9 evropis sabwo: mimoxilva adamianis uflebebze damyarebuli wesdeba evropis sabwosi gawevrianeba SeuZlia evropis nebismier saxelmwifos, romelic ariarebs kanonis uzenaesobis principebs da uzrunvelyofs misi iurisdiqciis qves myofi adamianebis uflebebsa da ZiriTad Tavisuflebebs. miznebi evropis sabwo aris mtavrobatasorisi organizacia, romlis mizania: adamianis uflebebis, pluralisturi demokratiisa da kanonis uzenaesobis dacva; evropis kulturuli TviTmyofadobis da mravalferovnebis ganvitarebisa da am sferosi codnis gavrcelebis xelsewyoba; evropuli sazogadoebis winase mdgom problemata (umciresobata diskriminacia, qsenofobia, Seuwynarebloba, garemos dacva, adamianis klonireba, Sidsi, narkotikebi, terorizmi, organizebuli danasauli da a.s.) gadawyvetis gzebis Zieba; politikur, sakanonmdeblo da konstituciur reformata mxardaweris gzit evropasi demokratiuli stabilurobis ganmtkiceba. 46 wevri qveyana 1949 wlis 5 maiss ati saxelmwifos (belgia, dania, safrangeti, irlandia, italia, luqsemburgi, niderlandebi, norvegia, SvedeTi da gaertianebuli samefo*) mier dafuznebul organizacias 1949 wlis agvistosi saberzneti da TurqeTi miuertdnen. sadreisod evropis sabwosi gawevrianebulia 46 qveyana**: islandia da germania (1950), avstria (1956), kviprosi (1961), Sveicaria (1963), malta (1965), portugalia (1976), espaneti (1977),lixtenSteini (1978),san-marino (1988),fineTi (1989),ungreTi (1990), poloneti (1991), bulgareti (1992), estoneti, litva, slovenia, CexeTis respublika, slovaketi, rumineti (1993), andora (1994), latvia, albaneti, moldova, ukraina, `iugoslaviis yofili respublika makedonia~ (1995), rusetis federacia da xorvatia (1996), saqartvelo (1999), somxeti, azerbaijani (2001), bosnia da hercegovina (2002), serbia da montenegro (2003), monako (2004). ertmanetsi ar unda agverios evropis sabwo da evrokavsiri. es ori organizacia sruliad gansxvavdeba ertmanetisagan, Tumca evrokavsiris ocdaxutive wevri saxelmwifo evropis sabwos wevric aris. gawevrianebis kandidatebi*** gawevrianebis Sesaxeb ganacxadi belaruss 1993 wlis 12 marts aqvs Setanili. damkvirveblis statusis mqone qveynebi kanadas, wminda saydars (vatikani), amerikis SeerTebul Statebsa da meqsikas evropis sabwos mtavrobatasoris organoebsi damkvirveblis statusi aqvt. evropis sasaxle evropis sabwos Stabbinaa strasburgsi (safrangeti) mdebare evropis sasaxle (Palais de l Europe). moqmedebis farto areali evropis sabwo ganixilavs evropuli sazogadoebis winase mdgom yvela mnisvnelovan sakitxs, Tavdacvis sferos garda. misi sa- * mtels teqstsi qveyanata CamonaTvali Seesabameba latinuri anbanis Tanmimdevrobas; ** 2005 wlis ivlisis mdgomareobit. *** 2005 wlis ivlisis mdgomareobit. * July 2005 ** July 2005 The Council of Europe: an overview A statute built on human rights Any European state can become a member of the Council of Europe provided it accepts the principle of the rule of law and guarantees human rights and fundamental freedoms to everyone under its jurisdiction. Aims The Council of Europe is an intergovernmental organisation which aims: to protect human rights, pluralist democracy and the rule of law; to promote awareness and encourage the development of Europe s cultural identity and diversity; to seek solutions to problems facing European society (discrimination against minorities, xenophobia, intolerance, environmental protection, human cloning, Aids, drugs, terrorism, organised crime, etc.); to help consolidate democratic stability in Europe by backing political, legislative and constitutional reform. 46 member states Set up on 5 May 1949 by 10 countries (Belgium, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom), joined by Greece and Turkey in August 1949, the Council of Europe now has 46 member states* : Iceland and Germany (1950), Austria (1956), Cyprus (1961), Switzerland (1963), Malta (1965), Portugal (1976), Spain (1977), Liechtenstein (1978), San Marino (1988), Finland (1989), Hungary (1990), Poland (1991), Bulgaria (1992), Estonia, Lithuania, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania (1993), Andorra (1994), Latvia, Albania, Moldova, Ukraine, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (1995), Russian Federation and Croatia (1996), Georgia (1999), Armenia and Azerbaijan (2001), Bosnia and Herzegovina (2002), Serbia and Montenegro (2003), Monaco (2004). The Council of Europe should not be confused with the European Union. The two organisations are quite distinct. The 25 European Union states, however, are all members of the Council of Europe. Candidate for membership** Belarus is applicant state since 12 March Observer status Canada, the Holy See, Japan, the United States of America and Mexico enjoy observer status with the Council of Europe s intergovernmental bodies. Palais de l Europe The Palais de l Europe in Strasbourg (France) is the Council of Europe s headquarters. 14