New Global Patterns. Imperialism II

Transcription

1 New Global Patterns Imperialism II

2 本は近代化 Japan Modernizes Japan isolated itself from the world from Japan s reaction to western imperialism was to become imperialist herself. Japan was the only country to do this By 1900, japan became a major industrial and imperial power

3 Tokugawa Japan Tokugawa shogunate centralized feudal control in early 1600s and closed Japan to the outside world The only contact allowed was at Nagasaki the dutch were allowed limited trade By 1800s, japan was in relative decline Emperor Shogun Daimyo Samurai Peasants Merchants

4 The west arrives In 1853, american warships arrived in tokyo bay The americans wanted trade with japan Americans forced japan to open ports in the Treaty of Kanagawa. More special rights were obtained by Americans and Europeans Japanese go through a period of uncertainty of how to react to foreigners

5 Meiji Restoration 1867, Daimyo and Samurai lead a revolt to unseat the Shogun and restore the Emperor 1868, 15 year old Mutsuhito, is made Emperor. His dynasty is named Meiji, the enlightened one, and he rules until 1912 Meiji s goal, beat westerners at their own game. A rich country and a strong military

6 Meiji Reforms Major reasons for Japans quick reforms: 1. To gain strength against the west 2. Japan exchanges experts learning western ways and technology 3. Constitution modeled after Germany but still granted autocratic rule to the Emperor 4. Reorganized Army, Navy, Finance and Education Departments 5. Banking, railroads, new ports, steam ships, telegraph and postal systems all help modernize

7 Meiji Reforms 6. The Gov t organized businesses and then sold them to individuals or corporations: Zaibatsu: a family who took over a gov t bank or industry ie. the Kawasaki family who rivaled the US Rockefellers or German Krupps 7. Despite rapid reforms, women were still assigned a secondary role 8. Japan modernized quickly because it was a homogeneous society; one that shares a common language and culture

8 Rapid Development Japan s economic and military strength grows quickly Coal production goes from 600,000 tons (1875) to 21.3 million tons (1913) Merchant fleet in 1875 is 26 steamships; by 1913 it is 1514 Railroads go from 18 (1872) to 7100 (1914)

9 Feudalism Abandoned. Feudalism and serfdom were abolished. The samurai lost their special social status. Western Technology Adopted. Industrial development based on western technology, such as the building of railroads and factories, was promoted. CHANGES DURING THE MEIJI RESTORATION Government Changes. Japan was given a written constitution, although the emperor kept his full powers. A Western-style army and navy were formed. Educational Changes. Universal compulsory education was introduced. Students were sent abroad to study European and American economic policies, politics, and technological innovations.

10 Expansion by war In 1894, Japan goes to war with China over korea for natural resources Her quick victory shows how fast japan is becoming a major power Japan won ports and Taiwan

11 Russo-Japanese War First time in modern history an Asian country defeated a European/Western country 1905 Treaty of Portsmouth, Japan gains control of Korea and parts of Manchuria Japan makes Korea a protectorate and annexes her in 1910

12 Japan Modernizes Meiji Motto A Rich Country, a strong military. First Japanese constitution based on German Model. Emperor holds supreme power but accepts advice from elected representatives The Meiji Period Meiji means enlightened rule Replaces Shogun rule with Rule by Emperor. Modernizes military, industry, business. Ends official class system

13

14 How Siam (Thailand) Remained Free Recognized western military strength and avoided conflicts Had strong central government and king who understood the need to modernize Learned from the West Sent people to study in the West and hired Western teachers Developed modern army Introduced social reform Abolished slavery, gave women some choice in marriage

15 Effects of Colonization in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand Country Original People Way of Life Result of Colonization Canada Native Americans Many groups Live throughout Canada Sign treaties giving up land Lose much of their culture Government troops put down their uprisings Australia Aborigines Live in small hunting and gathering bands throughout continent Speak over 250 languages Most pushed off their lands Many killed Give little resistance New Zealand Maoris Farmers Live in one small area Warlike Many die defending their lands Many die from new diseases brought by settlers By 1870, Maori population drops from 250,000 to less than 50,000

16 América Latina Latin America During the 1800s, most Latin American countries were plagued by revolts, civil war, and dictatorships Life did not improve for most people; racial prejudice was widespread and land was owned by the elites Local strongmen (caudillos) looted their countries and ruled as dictators Conservatives defended the Catholic church, which had huge landholdings; Liberals sought to weaken the Church

17

18

19 El Imperialísmo económica de América Latina Economic Imperialism in Latin America Britain and the United states replaced Spain in trade with Latin America after independence Foreign investment brought foreign influence and interference in Latin america The elites grew wealthier, most remained poor Latin american economies developed important industries, but development was uneven

20 Mexico Mexican politics were dominated by large landowners, army leaders, and the Catholic Church Mestizos and Indians lived in desperate poverty General Santa Anna ruled Mexico during the 1830s when it lost Texas (the Battle of the Alamo happened then) Santa Anna also ruled during the Mexican War, fought against the United states Mexican War was humiliating defeat which cost Mexico half its territory and further divided conservatives and liberals in the country. It is known in Mexico as La Mutilaciòn

21 Mexico Liberal Benito Juárez seized power in 1855 and started La Reforma, stripping Church of special privileges and limiting power of military. A civil war broke out French intervened on side of conservatives and sent troops and Archduke Maximillian to rule Mexico. Juárez led Mexicans against them A Mexican victory in battle against French is now celebrated as Cinco de Mayo French eventually withdrew Juárez tried to renew reforms but conservatives resisted. He died in 1872

22 Mexico Juárez was succeeded by dictator Porfirio Díaz, who ruled harshly until 1911 Díaz ruthlessly crushed opposition under the slogan Order and Progress Díaz opened Mexico to foreign investors, giving them special privileges. He let rich buy up Indian lands Many Indians and mestizos fell into near slavery under system of peonage. Hacienda owners give pay advances to workers, which must be paid back before peons can leave Rising protests in early 1900s led to Mexican Revolution in 1910

23 The U.S. And Latin America The United states was known in Latin America as the Colossus of the North The U.S. Claimed Latin America as a sphere of influence in the Monroe Doctrine of British naval power backed up American insistence that Spain could not recover her lost colonies in Latin America U.S. Took over half of Mexico as result of Mexican War U.S. Captured Cuba and Puerto Rico in Spanish-American War of 1898 U.S. Built Panama Canal in early 1900s U.S. Intervened repeatedly in Latin America during 1900s

24 Imperialism brings great change I m p e r i a l i s t W e s t Economy Profits Taxes industry Natural resources Cheap Labor culture Art, music, fashion, foods

25 Imperialism brings great change Economy Investment money industry Manufactured Goods culture C o l o n i e s Languages, customs, religion