7 US History Student Name: Unit 3.1: Middle Colonies & Trade. Unit Questions. (Prepare to answer these questions for unit exam)
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1 7 US History Student Name: Unit 3.1: Middle Colonies & Trade Period: Time Period: Unit Questions (Prepare to answer these questions for unit exam) 1. Why did the earliest English colonies in the New World struggle to survive? 2. How did Jamestown success where English colonies failed? 3. Who was Pocahontas? How can we determine legend from history? 4. What were the Middle Colonies? How were they similar? Different? 5. Who were the Iroquois? What impact did they have on early U.S. history? 6. How did the Beaver Wars destroy Native American power in the Great Lakes? Thought Jots
2 Free Note-taking Lined Paper from
3 Unit 3.1: Trade & Middle Colonies Name: Per: FROM THE LECTURE: Starving Time Apprentice Iroquois Confederacy Fur Trade Beaver Wars Plantation Bacon s Rebellion Slave Codes FROM THE BOOK: Section 5.1 (p ) Roanoke Island Joint-stock company Charter Jamestown John Smith Pocahontas Powhatan John Rolfe Plantation Indentured Servant House of Burgesses Royal Colony FROM THE BOOK: Section 5.4 (p ) Middle Colonies New Amsterdam/New York Patroons New Sweden Proprietor Proprietary Colony William Penn Quakers
4 10/24/2013 Reasons for English Colonization England hoped to in America (Mercantilism) England wanted to get from the New World (Triangle Trade) England wanted new markets to sell its (Triangl e Trade & Mercantilism. Roanoke Island (Lost Colony) asked Queen Elizabeth of England if he could lead a group of people to begin a colony in the USA. Queen Elizabeth gave Raleigh a (a document that allowed colonists to live on land owned by their country.) Picture Credit: (1st Time) In 1585, the first English people tried to begin a colony. This became the 1 st English colony in the USA. It failed due to hunger and bad relations with the Native Americans. All but 15 men went back to England on a ship. Picture Credit: Roanoke (2 nd Time) England returned in August 1590 to find no colonists on Roanoke Island. On one of the trees was written. Croatoan was the name of an island nearby as well as the name of the Native Americans living in the area. 1
5 10/24/2013 Picture Credit: Roanoke (2 nd Time) The English attacked the Native Americans for revenge. They were defeated. They abandoned the colony and returned to England Susan Constant Discovery Picture Credit: The Virginia Company Godspeed In 1606, King James I gave permission to the to try a colony. The Virginia Company was a where investors bought shares in the company and shared the profits. Jamestown Colony On May 14, 1607, the settlers began building the first English on the James River in Virginia. was named after the King James I and Virginia was named after the Virgin Queen of England. Jamestown Colony Jamestown was about business The colonists of Jamestown were not seeking religious freedom. They were hoping to! Most of the men who first settled there were. They did not expect to have to. Picture Credit: 2
6 10/24/2013 Reasons for Jamestown Difficulties Not educated in how to in New World. Bad location for farming Not enough people in the Jamestown settlement especially. Native American Battles Many settlers starved Starving Time Jamestown depended on to supply it with what it needed to survive. While they waited for the ships to return,. This was known as the 3
7 Jamestown Starving Time Graphic Organizer Fold along this line Name at least three factors that led to the Jamestown Starving Time. How did the food sources change during this time? What would YOU have done or not done if you were a colonist during the Starving Time? Cut along dotted line Cut along dotted line 2009 he çolonial  ƒoundation
8 10/24/2013 Hardships Faced By The Settlers How did a princess and tobacco save Jamestown? The site they chose to live on was and lacked. The settlers lacked necessary to provide for themselves. Many settlers died of starvation and disease. Characters in the Story Changes That Ensured Survival Captain John Smith Military commander of Jamestown. He kept order during the Starving Time. He forced soldiers to become settlers. Made Jamestown start farming Opened trade with the Native Americans The arrival of two supply ships The and strong leadership of Captain John Smith The emphasis on. 1
9 10/24/2013 The arrival of women in 1620 made it possible for the settlers to and a more permanent settlement at Jamestown. Captain John Smith initiated trading relationships with the. The Powhatans traded with the English in exchange for, and other goods. Characters in the Story Characters in the Story Leader of the Powhatan Nation Helped Jamestown survive by: Made an alliance with the English by marrying his daughter, Pocahontas to an Englishman According to legend, she saved Captain John Smith from execution after he was captured by Chief Powhatan 2
10 10/24/2013 The Powhatan people contributed to the survival of the Jamestown settlers in several ways. Pocahontas, daughter of Chief Powhatan, believed the English and American Indians (First Americans). Pocahontas began a friendship with the colonists. Characters in the Story Married Pocahontas between Jamestown and the Powhatan Nation This time was crucial. It and become permanent. Characters in the Story Figured out how to grow. This guaranteed the future of Jamestown. Tobacco was very profitable. Tobacco was a. This means they grew tobacco it not to it. The Powhatan people contributed to the survival of the Jamestown settlers in several ways. The Powhatan people realized the English settlement would continue to grow. The Powhatans saw the colonists as that would take over their land. 3
11 Pocahontas: Legend vs. History Disney & Legend Firsthand Accounts & Historical Documents Pocahontas and John Smith were both young adults when they met. Pocahontas had an amazing figure, and wore a leather minidress with one shoulder strap. She had a tatoo. John Smith was tall and clean shaven. He wore tight pants and some armor. As soon as they landed, John Smith started scouting around. John Smith was captured when ventured out alone at night to meet Pocahontas. John Smith was going to be executed on top of a bluff at dawn, in front of an army of colonists who had come to rescue him. John Smith and Pocahontas met in the wilderness and fell in love, like Romeo and Juliet. Pocahontas was engaged to Kocoum, but she chose John Smith instead. Back in England, Ratcliffe tries to have Smith killed. Smith escapes but decides to lay low. Pocahontas hears that he has died. Handsome diplomat John Rolfe is dispached to Virginia. He manages to mistake Pocahontas for the chief at first, but recovers quickly. Pocahontas and Rolfe rush to England, on a desperate mission to avert the war. Pocahontas and John Rolfe set sail for Virginia. Love is in the air. The End. Pocahontas was a girl of 11; Smith was a man of 28. Pocahontas was a naked child when she visited John Smith in Jamestown. For Winter warmth, she would wear a mantle; one of hers was covered with feathers. When she turned 12, she started wearing a leather dress with or without one shoulder strap. Dresses were often decorated with pictures of animals, birds, or tortoises. She probably did have tatoos. John Smith was short, had a full beard, and wore puffy pants (like everyone else). He did wear the type of armor shown. John Smith was arrested and clapped in irons during the voyage, and was not released until a month after the landing at Jamestown. After that, he did plenty of exploring and trading. He mapped most of the area. John Smith was captured on an expedition one day in December, when he and his Indian guide split off from the other two Englishmen. It appeared that John Smith was going to be executed in Powhatan's long house, in front of Powhatan's warriors and counselors. The colonists did not know where he was. John Smith met Pocahontas when she "rescued" him from execution. Powhatan then adopted Smith as his son, "Nantaquoud". Pocahontas and her new kinsman became good friends. This really belongs in Pocahontas II. After John Smith went home to England, then Pocahontas was engaged to Kocoum, but she chose John Rolfe instead. When Smith was evacuated to England for treatment of his gunpowder wound in October 1609, the colonists told Pocahontas that he had died. While Pocahontas was being held hostage at Jamestown in 1613, she met colonist John Rolfe, a successful tobacco planter and sincere Christian. She converted to Christianity and married him in April The "Peace of Pocahontas" began with the marriage of Pocahontas to John Rolfe. Their son Thomas was born around In 1616, the Virginia Company sent the Rolfe family on a promotional English tour, with several other Indians and colonists. The Rolfe family set sail for Virginia, but disease was in the air. Pocahontas died at Gravesend.
12 10/24/2013 Quickfire What is William Penn? (In this area) Where are the ancestors of many people in Pella from? T/F New York City is in the record books for one of the cheapest land purchases in history Find the connections in the lecture! Middle Colonies New York: Dutch in North America The Dutch settled in two locations (1623) In present day 1
13 10/24/2013 New York: Dutch in North America = The Dutch buy the island of for $30. They name the colony after Amsterdam in the Netherlands This is future site of New York City (after the English capture it) Today Manhattan is worth over fifty billion dollars (it s one of the best buys in history) Patroon System Huge estates granted to promoters who would settle 50 persons on them. (One estate in Albany larger than state of Rhode Island! Patroons live like lords, ruling their farm workers like peasants. This is an example of how slavery was not yet. Delaware Sweden comes out of nowhere and settles modern day! Why is this important? Because the Swedish settlers invented the, duh! They are absorbed by New Netherlands (Dutch) Then New Netherlands is conquered by the English and renamed New York
14 10/24/2013 The English are as original as usual What should we call New Netherlands? The English rename New Netherlands after the lord who paid for the conquest: the (New York, 1664) They also rename the city of New Amsterdam New York City. Yeah, original (I know). In 1685, New York becomes the direct property of. (King s Brother) The Quakers A religious group from England in England emerged during mid-1600's (Religious Society of Friends) They opposed authority (like kings) Refused to support the English Church with taxes Didn t pay religious leaders Took no oaths. : Refused military service; advocated passive resistance Simple and democratic; sought religious and civic freedom. Believed in an," not scripture or religious leaders all men as equal in God's eyes. Suffered persecution in New England & other colonies for opposing authority. Pennsylvania Penn s Forest 1681, William Penn gained huge grant from the king in return for money owed to his father. He founded colony as a haven for He also did it to experiment with government while making a profit. Penn s ": Religious toleration among many denominations. 3
15 IROQUOIS- What S IN a Name? Iroquois is an easily recognized name, but like the names of many tribes, it was given them by their enemies. The Algonquin called them the Iroqu (Irinakhoiw)." Location! Location! Location! The original homeland of the Iroquois was in between the Adirondack Mountains and Niagara Falls. Through conquest and migration, they gained control of most of the northeastern United States and eastern Canada. After the French added the Gallic suffix "-ois" to this insult, the name became Iroquois. The Iroquois call themselves Haudenosaunee meaning." 1. Why was the Iroquois village set up with palisades (walls)? 2. How does the set up of the village reflect their values? 1
16 Why did the nations unite? Iroquois included FIVE NATIONS. Only Oneida One Onondaga Slob Seneca Can Cayuga Munch Mohawk *later Tuscarora joins the league in 1715 These five nations were frequently and rival NY tribe, the Algonquins. Dekanawida, or, a prophet, inspires to create an alliance. esica.info/docs/treeof Peace.htm Dekanawida s Legend PEACE AND UNITY The Iroquois must come together by taking hold of each other s hands so firmly and forming a circle that is a tree should fall upon it, it could not shake, could not break it, do that our people and grandchildren shall remain in the circle of security, peace, and happiness! Iroquois Confederacy: The Five nations of the Iroquois formed an to end fighting and become strong. Known as the. Only Oneida One Onondaga Slob Seneca Can Cayuga Munch Mohawk Grand Council ( ) A council of 50 specially chosen tribal leaders who for the League of the 5 Nations. Ex) decided on war and trade by VOTING. Adapt: to adjust to the environment and surrounding resources. i.e. Iroquois used bark to create longhouses. Plains Indians used buffalo skin to make tepees. 2
17 The Five Nations Iroquois League In 1570 the members of the Iroquois formed a confederation or loose alliance. Each tribe governed itself. Matters that were important to all, such as war and trade were decided by a. A constitution, or, was drafted. Men from each of the five tribes served on the council. The oldest women of each tribe chose the council Each member had one vote All had to agree before anything was done. How is the Iroquois league democratic? Why is the formation of the Confederacy so important? The Iroquois Constitution creates establishes a with rights and responsibilities of elected officials, a system for the creation of laws and settling of disputes between nations, and a process for declaring and conducting war. The Iroquois Constitution becomes one of the influential documents in the creation of the. Roots of Democracy Essay Democracy is a type of government where the people and not a king have the power. The USA is a democracy. We have talked about two groups of people from which our countries democracy can be traced, the Quakers and the Iroquois Confederation. 3
18 Roots of Democracy Essay Explain how democracy in the USA can be traced back to the Quakers. Explain how democracy in the USA can be traced back to the Iroquois Confederation. 4
19 10/24/2013 Native-French Relations in New France Lucky that Iroquois had retreated from St. Lawrence Valley by 1608 Huron, Mikmaqs, Montagnais Company of New France Focus on The farther North, the better fur Natives trap, process, and transport Immigration : : 27,000 Importance of the 1660s, Diplomatic Immunity, métis : : 1,000,000 1
20 10/24/2013 Competition and the Environment Dutch map of the New Netherland area (circa 1650) ( ): attempt to dominate the : Conflict a Draw as Iroquois fight for Huron hunting grounds : Short Peace of 2 years Iroquois still cut out of trade : Iroquois Begin another conflict and Prevail Huron outgunned and annihilated Iroquois win trading rights at Montreal : Peace lasts 5 short years Iroquois still cut out of fur trade by Ottawa and attack French in : French Prevail Smallpox, French troops, and Ottawa & Canadian militia victories lead to French success Canadian militia : Long period of Peace French Fur Trade Expands further West and South Jesuits sent amongst the Mohawk and win important allies New Netherland becomes New York : French Prevail Iroquois attack an overextended France in 1680 Guerilla tactics 1701: 2
21 Map of North America Key (label the following on the map above): Native Americans: Iroquois Confederacy Huron Tribes Algonquian Tribes Europeans : New France (French Canada) English 13 Original Colonies Virginia (English Colony) Spanish Mexico Geographic Features: Great Lakes Atlantic Ocean Mississsippi River St. Lawerence Seaway
22 Study Guide Quiz 3.1: Traders & Middle Colonies Name: Per: Vocabulary (What is it? Why is it important?) Starving Time Iroquois Confederacy Fur Trade Beaver Wars Roanoke Island Joint-Stock Company Charter Jamestown John Smith Pocahontas Chief Powhatan Powhatan Nation John Rolfe Middle Colonies New Amsterdam/New York Patroon William Penn Quakers
23 Democracy Concepts: Why did both Jamestown and Roanoke have a Starving Time? Why did Jamestown boom, while Roanoke busted? What two things did John Rolfe do to save Jamestown? How did Pocahontas help save Jamestown? Who was William Penn? Why did he want to found a colony in the New World? How can the roots of democracy in the US be traced back to the Quakers? How can the roots of democracy in the US be traced back to the Iroquois?
24 List the Middle Colonies. Which European powers participated in the Fur Trade? Which Native Americans participate in the Fur Trade? Native Americans traded beaver fur for guns. o Explain how this started the Beaver Wars. o Explain how this made the Beaver Wars worse.
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