Ch 9 Exam Campaigns and Voting Behavior 2013

Transcription

1 Ch 9 Exam Campaigns and Vting Behavir 2013 Why is it smetimes difficult fr citizens t engage in plicy vting? Candidates can be intentinally vague abut their issue stances. In mst states, citizens are nt allwed t vte n plicy issues. Electin fficials prevent using plicy-based vter guides in the vting bth. The media tends t verwhelm vters with plicy infrmatin. Cmpeting candidates usually have the same psitins n issues. Reprters need news, and a gd pllster can help them make their deadlines with stries that the campaign wuld like t see reprted. True False Hw des party identificatin simplify the vting prcess? It eliminates the need t prduce a pht ID in rder t vte. It prevents third-party candidates frm participating in electins. It reduces the plicy differences between the candidates. It prvides a cue as t which candidate a vter is mre likely t prefer. It enables vters t select frm a wider array f candidates. Which f the fllwing mst clearly cntributed t Barack Obama's victry in the 2012 presidential electin? Vters agreed with Obama that tax rates shuld be kept at their current level. Vters thught Obama's plicies were mre likely t favr the middle class. Vters agreed with Obama that the federal gvernment is ding t much. Vters agreed with Obama that health care plicy needs a majr verhaul. Vters thught Obama's plicies wuld result in the self-deprtatin f illegal immigrants. Why d winning candidates claim a mandate even thugh plitical scientists generally discredit the mandate thery f electins? Pliticians think that plitical scientists d nt understand hw things actually wrk. Winning candidates are nt well versed in the plitical science literature. Vters d nt necessary prefer all f the winning candidate's issue psitins. Claiming a mandate helps a winning candidate ease any hard feelings amng the ppnent's supprters. Winning candidates want t justify their plicy prpsals by claiming that the public supprts them. Primaries emerged thrugh refrm effrts that sught t take nminatins ut f the hands f party bsses. True False Vter turnut in recent electins was highest fr members f which f the fllwing grups? thse 24 years ld r yunger thse with an advanced degree wmen nn-hispanic whites men

2 Which f the fllwing is a cst f vting? civic duty plitical efficacy becming infrmed gender party identificatin The 2008 electin was the first time that vted at the same rate as whites. yung citizens Hispanics single citizens African Americans Asian Americans Of the fllwing, wh wuld be mst likely t vte? smene wh sees few differences between the candidates smene wh thinks that bth candidates are mderate smene wh thinks that bth candidates are very cnservative smene with a high sense f plitical efficacy smene with a lw sense f civic duty Which f the fllwing makes it harder t vte by increasing the csts assciated with vting? civic duty laws the Mtr Vter Act vte-by-mail laws vter ID laws Electin Day vter registratin laws Which states tend t have higher vter turnut? states with Electin Day vter registratin states with large minrity ppulatins states with vter ID laws states with burdensme vter registratin requirements suthern states Which f the fllwing helps t explain why vter turnut is lwer in the United States than in ther demcracies? The United States hld electins midweek. The United States hld fewer electins. U.S. candidates tend t rely mre heavily n public financing. U.S. candidates tend t ffer starkly different chices. The United States elects fewer fficehlders.

3 The Funders created the Electral Cllege because they wanted the president t be selected by. the states rdinary Americans vters members f Cngress elites If yu were running a campaign with a relatively unknwn candidate, yu wuld want t allw plenty f time fr yur candidate t. visit majr cities in Califrnia during the electin campaign travel extensively in New Hampshire in March meet the peple in small twns in Texas travel extensively in Iwa befre the caucuses debate with likely ppnents in Flrida in January An investment candidates tday MUST make is in. televisin ads aimed at the age grup prfessinal pllsters t ensure cmpliance with all relevant electin laws a staff t set up and run technlgies such as Facebk pages and Twitter accunts a chartered jet fr traveling frm state t state direct mail lists frm previus campaigns Research n plitical campaigns suggest that ne f the strngest strategies yu culd use t impact vters is t. expect that yur campaign ads will cnvert thse wh frmerly favred anther candidate rely n the keen interest mst citizens have in the electin prcess t shw yur candidate's true wrth appeal t lng-term party affiliatin spend as much mney as pssible in the campaign make sure yur candidate is a challenger Suppse yur candidate is in a tight electin campaign and has limited time and mney. What expenditures wuld pay ff best in gaining electral vtes? Yu shuld spend time and mney in the states that have always vted fr the party f yur candidate. Yu shuld spend bth time and mney in states with the largest ppulatins. Yu shuld spend bth time and mney in battlegrund states that may g fr either party. Yu shuld spend mney equally in all states. Yu shuld spend time in as many large states as yu can. One f the dwn sides t the American system f electins and campaigns is that. candidates are frced by special interest grups t make prmises they cannt keep almst anyne can cme ut f nwhere t win a nminatin nly candidates with cnsiderable persnal wealth can run the candidate wh wins the ppular vte always wins in the Electral Cllege a persn wh might be an excellent candidate culd be discuraged frm running Of the fllwing peple, wh is mst likely t participate in a presidential caucus? a party activist smene wh lacks plitical efficacy a single mm smene wh wrks the night shift smene wh is very busy

4 Which f the fllwing wuld be the mst likely t increase vter turnut in the United States? putting the federal gvernment in charge f registering vters hlding electins n Wednesdays electing mre fficehlders minimizing the differences between the parties hlding mre electins Which f the fllwing statements indicates a high level f plitical efficacy? "I dn't think public fficials care much what peple like me think." "One vte can make a difference; I want my vte t be the difference maker." "I shuld vte t hnr thse wh sacrificed their lives t make America free." "Vting in the United States is s easy that there is n excuse fr nt vting." "Demcracy is nly demcratic if citizens participate in the prcess." The prprtin f senatrs wh are up fr electin at any ne time is percent. ne third. ne half. tw thirds. 100%, because the entire Senate is up fr reelectin every six years A flating vter is smene wh. is elated at the utcme f an electin has a sense f civic duty registers t vte n Electin Day has plitical efficacy is nt lyal t a specific plitical party Which f the fllwing has made it easier fr cntemprary vters t chse the best persn fr the ffice, regardless f party? advances in infrmatin technlgy vter ID laws increased plarizatin in Cngress the media's tendency t fcus n plicy issues relaxed vter registratin requirements Which f the fllwing best describes hw Mitt Rmney presented himself in the 2012 presidential electin? a "maverick" wh is nt afraid t crss party lines when necessary a scial cnservative wh always fllws church dctrine a successful businessman wh can apply his skills t fixing the ecnmy a bld visinary wh knws a lt abut freign plicy an experienced member f Cngress wh knws hw t get things dne An institutinal bstacle t vting was remved with the passage f the Natinal Vter Registratin Act (1994) r the mtr vter act. the develpment f Internet vting. plitical partyʼs get-ut-the vte drives. the increasing number f Latins wh are deciding t vte. the passage f s-called disenfranchisement laws.

5 Which f the fllwing best characterizes the influence f the news media n public pinin in the United States? They alter the public's views n issues. They affect which issues the public thinks are imprtant. They determine hw citizens will vte. They are mst able t influence peple with the highest level f educatin. They are mst able t influence the urban sectrs f sciety. Which f the fllwing is cnsistent with the mandate thery f electins? A functinal demcracy mandates electral participatin by a large number f vters. Barack Obama's claim that his victry in the 2012 means that the public wants t raise taxes n the wealthy. The belief that electins are generally abut persnality and charisma rather than issues and plicies. Vter turnut is higher when citizens are required t vte and are fined if they fail t d s. Mitt Rmney's claim that Obama wn the 2012 presidential electin because he had given gifts t varius cnstituency grups. What is the phenmenn that peple's beliefs ften guide what they pay attentin t and hw they interpret events? frntlading discriminatry perceptin selective perceptin screkeeping agenda setting In states with caucuses,. the state legislature selects the state's delegates t the natinal cnventins supprters f candidates attend a series f pen meetings t express presidential preferences party leaders select delegates accrding t their wn candidate preferences candidates appint supprters t serve as delegates delegates are chsen thrugh the general electin f a candidate One impact f the Internet n plitical campaigns is that. mre peple have had t rely n TV t get their news mre peple are making plitical dnatins fewer peple are making plitical dnatins mre peple are engaged in the campaign prcess fewer peple are using the Internet as a surce f campaign infrmatin T run an efficient campaign, a candidate needs. a travel agent smene wh can run a vide camera fr candid campaign ftage a campaign manager a dedicated blgger a number f vlunteers

6 Which f the fllwing best describes Barack Obama's campaign message in the 2012 electin? "I'm the reasn the ecnmy is ding s well." "I did as well as culd have been expected under the circumstances." "I'm a champin fr the wrking class." "It's time fr a change, and I'm the agent f change yu're lking fr." "I deserve anther chance t clean up my mistakes." If the president was selected by ppular vte instead f by the Electral Cllege, which f the fllwing cities wuld a presidential campaign be least likely t visit? New Yrk, New Yrk Chicag, Illinis Clumbus, Ohi Laramie, Wyming Miami, Flrida Which f the fllwing grup's were least likely t vte fr Barack Obama in 2012? Jews whites Hispanics thse withut a religius affiliatin yunger vters One f the biggest challenges facing Barack Obama's 2012 reelectin campaign was vercming. his pledge t serve nly ne term the faltering ecnmy restrictins n crprate spending in electins the decline in supprt frm African Americans the unppularity f the war in Afghanistan Which f the fllwing was ne f the requirements f the Federal Electin Campaign Act? All candidates fr the presidency must list the rganizatins that dnated mre than $1 millin t their campaigns. All candidates fr federal ffice must disclse wh cntributed mney t their campaigns. Candidates fr Cngress must disclse hw much mney they received in cntributins. Cntributins frm individuals must be limited t $1 millin per candidate. All candidates fr all electins must disclse hw they spent their campaign cntributins. Because states are the key battlegrunds f campaigns, candidates ften find themselves. prmising t bring jbs t every state tailring their appeals t the particular interests f a state unsure where they are campaigning n any given day visiting every state in the unin multiple times prmising t increase the pwer f a state's gvernment Identify the crrect statement: smaller states never get as much attentin frm candidates as d larger states states with mre electral vtes receive mre attentin frm candidates in a nminatin campaign larger states always receive mre attentin frm candidates in a nminatin campaign states with early caucuses and primaries receive a disprprtinate amunt f attentin frm candidates in a nminatin campaign

7 The argument that "tday's presidential campaign is essentially a mass media campaign" suggests that. mney is less imprtant t campaigns than it was in the past vters have very little understanding f the campaign apart frm what they see and hear in the media campaign campaigns are larger and mre interesting t vters than campaigns in the past the media exercise sway ver a vast number f citizens' vtes the media cntrl electral utcmes One cst-cutting measure a candidate might cme t regret is. signing up t many vlunteers nt hiring a pllster acting as his r her wn campaign manager hiring a plicy advisr setting up a Web site The appearance and increase in was an unintended resulted f FECA, which allwed parties t raise and spend mney n vter registratin and ther campaign materials withut limits n spending r the size f cntributins that they can accept. sft mney party discretinary funding institutinal assistance party expenditure exemptin expenditure waivers If yu were a campaign manager, yu culd mst likely cunt n vtes frm. vters yu reactivated during the campaign vters frm urban areas vters wh paid little attentin t yur candidate during the campaign vters yu attempted t cnvert during the campaign vters frm the same party as yur candidate Why d presidential candidates tend t fcus their effrts n battlegrund states? Public finances fr presidential campaigns can nly be used in battlegrund states. Battlegrund states have the mst Electral Cllege vtes. Battlegrund states have mre electrs than they wuld deserve if electrs were allcated by cmmittee. Candidates fcus n battlegrund states in rder t increase their media expsure. The winner-take-all system makes battlegrund states mre relevant t a campaign. The significance f the Supreme Curt decisin in Buckley v. Vale is that it upheld restrictins n the amunt f mney an individual culd cntribute t his r her wn campaign. True False Schlars believe that mre Americans wuld vte if Electin Day were a hliday. True False

8 Elected fficials are less likely t pay attentin t issues that are imprtant t yunger Americans because yunger Americans are less likely t vte. True False All f the fllwing are reasns incumbents in the Huse f Representatives enjy an electral advantage ver challengers EXCEPT that incumbents... get mst f their financial supprt frm their party's natinal cmmittee are better knwn t vters than are challengers. find it much easier t raise campaign funds than d challengers. can use staff members t d cnstituent service. ften serve n cmmittees that enable them t help the cnstituency. The cattails effect is an example f a pattern f... sectinal vting. reginal vting. vting the same party fr different ffices. vting ver time. sciecnmic vting The 1976 Supreme Curt decisin that verturned part f FECA (1971), declaring that the First Amendment prtects peple's right t spend as much as they want n their wn electins, but that Cngress can limit hw much peple cntribute t ther's electins, was... Vale vs. Frd Helms vs. Vale Buckley vs. Vale Bradley vs. Hernandez Bunny vs Fudd [AP] Suppse that in 2012 "strng" Demcrats wh share Republicansʼ views n taxatin, and Republican wmen wh ppse their party's ʻpr-lifeʼ plank, bth turn ut t vte at unexpectedly lw rates. These findings wuld prvide evidence fr which f the fllwing hyptheses? Anything that prduces crss-pressure reduces turnut. Strng party identificatin prmtes participatin. "Ratinal" vters need a sense f civic duty t mtivate them t vte. Thse wh express satisfactin with candidate chices are less likely t vte. Thse wh are party activists are nt likely t vte.

9 {AP} The use f direct primaries instead f the cnventin system in selecting presidential candidates results in which f the fllwing? A weakening f party cntrl ver nminatins. A reductin in the csts f electin campaigns. An increase in the number f peple invlved in the chice f candidates. An increase in vter turnut in midterm electins. I and III nly II and IV nly III and IV nly I, II, and III nly I, II, Ill, and IV Independents tend t vte... in a partisan manner. fr issues rather than parties. in respnse t candidate appeal. fr third-party candidates. Mid-term electins elect... all Senatrs. all Senatrs and Representatives. ne third f the Huse and all Senatrs. ne third f the Senate and all Representatives. ne half f the Senate and all Representatives. When an individual vtes based n what a candidate pledges t d abut an issue if elected, it is called... wishful thinking. self-deceptin. prspective issue vting. retrspective issue vting. [AP] "Vting is partly a matter f habit: the mre frequently a persn has vted in the past, the mre likely she r he is t vte in the current electin. All f the fllwing supprt the bservatin abve EXCEPT: Immediately after the Twenty-Sixth Amendment in 1971 gave 18-t-21 year lds the vte, the prprtin f eligible vters wh actually vted declined. Immediately after the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 gave wmen the vte, the prprtin f eligible vters wh actually vted declined. Immediately after the passage f the Vting Rights Act f 1965, the participatin rate f Black vters in the Suth was lwer than that f White vters in the Suth. Unmarried persns ver the age f 65 are less likely t vte than are married persns in that age grup. Newly naturalized citizens may need special inducements t vte.

10 All f the fllwing are true EXCEPT... incme is a reliable predictr f vter turnut. increases in age are usually related t an increase in prpensity t vte. increases in educatin usually indicate increased vting. race seems unimprtant as a factr in predicting vting behavir. The mst imprtant issue in mid-term electins seems t be... whether the cuntry is at war. the state f the ecnmy. candidate appeal. the party f the president The trend in the past few decades seems t indicate that Americans increasingly vte... fr candidates rather than parties. n issues rather than candidates. as cnstituents. fr parties rather than candidates r issues. Which f the fllwing statements mst accurately cmpares electins in the United States with thse in mst ther Western demcracies? United States citizens have fewer pprtunities t vte in e lectins. Plitical parties exert a strnger influence ver vting in the United States. There are fewer bstacles t vting in the United States. There are mre plitical parties in the United States. The vter turnut rate in the United States is usually lwer. The percentage f whites vting... is less than blacks but mre than Hispanics. is higher than either blacks r Hispanics. is equal t the percentage f blacks but lwer than that f Hispanics. is equal t the percentage f Hispanics but lwer than that f blacks. is equal t bth Hispanics and blacks. The Demcratic and Republican candidates fr president are frmally nminated by the. presidential primaries natinal cmmittees Electral Cllege natinal party cnventins presidential caucuses Prviding select infrmatin and a request fr mney t lists f peple wh have supprted candidates f similar views in the past is a frequently used plitical technique knwn as. frntlading sft mney caucusing cnversin direct mail

11 Mney earmarked fr party-building expenses at the grassrts level r fr generic party advertising is knwn as. supprt funds hard mney campaign funds sft mney matching funds Sme peple have called the American electral prcess. "the permanent campaign" "the never-ending nminatin" "the electin game" "the endless cmmercial" "the permanent electin" In which f the fllwing cuntries is vter turnut lwest? Australia Ireland Japan United States Canada