EDW Chapter 9 Campaigns and Voting Behavior: Nominations, Caucuses

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1 EDW Chapter 9 Campaigns and Voting Behavior: Nominations, Caucuses 1. Which of the following statements most accurately compares elections in the United States with those in most other Western democracies? A) United States citizens have fewer opportunities to vote in elections. B) Political parties exert a stronger influence over voting in the United States. C) There are fewer obstacles to voting in the United States. D) There are more political parties in the United States. E) The voter turnout rate in the United States is usually lower. 2. Of the following, who would be most likely to vote? A) someone who thinks that both candidates are very conservative B) someone who thinks that both candidates are moderate C) someone with a low sense of civic duty D) someone who sees few differences between the candidates E) someone with a high sense of political efficacy 3. Which of the following helps to explain why voter turnout is lower in the United States than in other democracies? A) The United States hold elections midweek. B) U.S. candidates tend to offer starkly different choices. C) U.S. candidates tend to rely more heavily on public financing. D) The United States hold fewer elections. E) The United States elects fewer officeholders. 4. Voter turnout increased significantly after Congress enacted the Motor Voter law. 5. Which of the following best describes the relationship between socioeconomic status and participation in politics? A) The lower one's socioeconomic status, the more likely it is that one will run for public office. B) There is no relationship between socioeconomic status and political participation. C) Adults who are unemployed have a greater personal interest in policy and tend to participate more actively in politics than do employed adults. D) People in the lower middle class are the most likely to participate in politics. E) The higher one's socioeconomic status, the greater the probability of active involvement in the political process. 6. One cost-cutting measure a candidate might come to regret is. A) setting up a Web site B) hiring a policy advisor C) not hiring a pollster D) acting as his or her own campaign manager E) signing up too many volunteers

2 7. An investment candidates today MUST make is in. A) television ads aimed at the age group B) professional pollsters to ensure compliance with all relevant election laws C) a chartered jet for traveling from state to state D) a staff to set up and run technologies such as Facebook pages and Twitter accounts E) direct mail lists from previous campaigns 8. The coattails effect is an example of a pattern of... A) sectional voting. B) regional voting. C) voting the same party for different offices. D) voting over time. E) socioeconomic voting 9. Suppose that in 2012 "strong" Democrats who share Mitt Romnay s views on taxation, and Republican women who oppose their party's pro-life plank, both turn out to vote at unexpectedly low rates. These findings would provide evidence for which of the following hypotheses? A) Anything that produces cross-pressure reduces turnout. B) Strong party identification promotes participation. C) "Rational" voters need a sense of civic duty to motivate them to vote. D) Those who express satisfaction with candidate choices are less likely to vote. E) Those who are party activists are not likely to vote. 10. The proportion of senators who are up for election at any one time is... A) 20 percent. B) one third. C) one half. D) two thirds. E) 100%, because the entire Senate is up for reelection every six years 11. When an interest group spends large but undisclosed amounts of money in a campaign, on its own and not through a party, and does not identify a specific candidate, it is termed... A) issue advertising. B) a PAC contribution. C) hard money. D) illegal. E) soft money F) the Motor Voter Act 12. Primaries emerged through reform efforts that sought to take nominations out of the hands of party bosses.

3 13. The Democratic and Republican candidates for president are formally nominated by the. A) national party conventions B) Electoral College C) Primary voters D) presidential caucuses E) national committees 14. Which of the following statements indicates a high level of political efficacy? A) "One vote can make a difference; I want my vote to be the difference maker." B) "I don't think public officials care much what people like me think." C) "I should vote to honor those who sacrificed their lives to make America free." D) "Voting in the United States is so easy that there is no excuse for not voting." E) "Democracy is only democratic if citizens participate in the process." 15. The use of direct primaries instead of the convention system in selecting presidential candidates results in which of the following? i) A weakening of party control over nominations. ii) A reduction in the costs of election campaigns. iii) An increase in the number of people involved in the choice of candidates. iv) An increase in voter turnout in midterm elections. (A) I and III only (B) I and IV only (C) III and IV only (D) I, II, and III only (E) I, II, Ill, and IV 16. In states with caucuses,. A) candidates appoint supporters to serve as delegates. B) supporters of candidates attend a series of open meetings to express presidential preferences. C) delegates are chosen through the general election of a candidate. D) the state legislature selects the state's delegates to the national conventions. E) party leaders select delegates according to their own candidate preferences. 17. The New Hampshire primary is important because the state's demographics mirror those of the rest of the country. 18. The New Hampshire primary is important because the number of its delegates can provide important "insurance" during the national convention nominating process.

4 19. Which statement is false? A) A candidate cannot win the nomination of their party without winning the Iowa caucuses. B) The Iowa caucuses are the first test of a candidate's vote-getting strength. C) Participation in the Iowa caucuses is less than in the primaries. D) The Iowa caucuses are a media extravaganza, compared to the primaries. E) The Iowa caucuses work to winnow out the field of presidential contenders. 20. The significance of the Supreme Court decision in Buckley v. Valeo is that it upheld restrictions on the amount of money an individual could contribute to his or her own campaign. 21. Which of the following was one of the requirements of the Federal Election Campaign Act? A) Contributions from individuals must be limited to $1 million per candidate. B) All candidates for federal office must disclose who contributed money to their campaigns. C) All candidates for all elections must disclose how they spent their campaign contributions. D) Candidates for Congress must disclose how much money they received in contributions. E) All candidates for the presidency must list the organizations that donated more than $1 million to their campaigns. 22. Which of the following best describes how Mitt Romney presented himself in the 2012 presidential election? A) a bold visionary who knows a lot about foreign policy A) a social conservative who always follows church doctrine B) a "maverick" who is not afraid to cross party lines when necessary C) a successful businessman who can apply his skills to fixing the economy D) an experienced member of Congress who knows how to get things done 23. How does party identification simplify the voting process? A) It enables voters to select from a wider array of candidates. B) It provides a cue as to which candidate a voter is more likely to prefer. C) It eliminates the need to produce a photo ID in order to vote. D) It prevents third-party candidates from participating in elections. E) It reduces the policy differences between the candidates. 24. Which statement is true? A) States with more electoral votes receive more attention from candidates in a nomination campaign. B) States with early caucuses and primaries receive a disproportionate amount of attention from candidates in a nomination campaign. C) Larger states always receive more attention from candidates in a nomination campaign. D) States with higher populations receive more attention from candidates in a general election campaign. E) Smaller states never get as much attention from candidates as do larger states. 25. Primaries can be understood as elimination contests.

5 26. The media have been criticized for paying too little attention to the primaries. 27. The primary voter is usually an engaged member of their party. 28. The play a key role in gathering momentum, raising money and gaining media attention. A) Iowa caucuses B) New Hampshire primary C) Iowa caucuses and the New Hampshire primary D) Illinois caucuses E) post-new Hampshire primaries 29. Providing select information and a request for money to lists of people who have supported candidates of similar views in the past is a frequently used political technique known as. A) direct mail B) caucusing C) conversion D) soft money E) frontloading 30. Money earmarked for party-building expenses at the grassroots level or for generic party advertising is known as. A) hard money B) campaign funds C) support funds D) soft money E) matching funds 31. What is the phenomenon that people's beliefs often guide what they pay attention to and how they interpret events? A) discriminatory perception B) scorekeeping C) selective perception D) frontloading E) agenda setting

6 32. One impact of the Internet on political campaigns is that. A) more people have had to rely on TV to get there news B) more people are making political donations C) fewer people are making political donations D) more people are engaged in the campaign process E) fewer people are using the Internet as a source of campaign information 33. FECA allowed for the creation of PAC s - organizations set up by interest groups to A) channel money to candidates B) promote political advocacy during presidential campaigns C) assist Partisan Activist Campaigns D) provide the media with non-partisan information about the interest group s policy goals 34. One of the strongest strategies you could use to impact voters is to. A) rely on the keen interest most citizens have in the election process to show your candidate's true worth B) make sure your candidate is a challenger C) appeal to long-term party affiliation D) expect that your campaign ads will convert those who formerly favored another candidate E) spend as much money as possible in the campaign 35. What is the most common reason given for not voting by U.S. citizens who are registered to vote? A) One vote doesn't carry much weight. B) The candidates are too similar. C) It's hard to take time off of work or school. D) The lines at the polls are too long. E) None of the candidates is appealing. 36. Elected officials are less likely to pay attention to issues that are important to younger Americans because younger Americans are less likely to vote. 37. Which states tend to have higher voter turnout? A) states with Election Day voter registration B) southern states C) states with voter ID laws D) states with burdensome voter registration requirements E) states with large minority populations 38. The 2008 election was the first time that voted at the same rate as whites. A) African Americans B) single citizens C) Hispanics D) Asian Americans E) young citizens

7 39. Because of frontloading, you might find that your primary vote in Texas wouldn't count for much. 40. Few developments have changed American politics as much as the development of presidential primaries. 41. If you were running a campaign with a relatively unknown candidate, you would want to allow plenty of time for your candidate to. A) travel extensively in New Hampshire in March B) travel extensively in Iowa before the caucuses C) visit major cities in California during the election campaign D) meet the people in small towns in Texas E) debate with likely opponents in Florida in January 42. Of the following people, who is most likely to participate in a presidential caucus? A) a single mom B) someone who lacks political efficacy C) someone who is very busy D) a party activist E) registered party members 43. Superdelegates often have a decisive role to play in determining the outcome of the party's national convention. 44. Which of the following makes it harder to vote by increasing the costs associated with voting? A) civic duty laws B) vote-by-mail laws C) voter ID laws D) Election Day voter registration laws 45. Which of the following groups is overrepresented among voters? A) men B) people who are married C) African Americans D) younger citizens E) Hispanics 46. Scholars believe that more Americans would vote if Election Day were a holiday. 47. "Voting is partly a matter of habit: the more frequently a person has voted in the past, the more likely she or he is to vote in the current election.

8 All of the following support the observation above EXCEPT: A) Immediately after the Twenty-Sixth Amend government in 1971 gave 18-to-21 year olds the vote, the proportion of eligible voters who actually voted declined. B) Immediately after the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 gave women the vote, the proportion of eligible voters who actually voted declined. C) Immediately after the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the participation rate of Black voters in the South was lower than that of White voters in the South. D) Unmarried persons over the age of 65 are less likely to vote than are married persons in that age group. E) Newly naturalized citizens may need special inducements to vote. 48. The 1976 Supreme Court decision that overturned FECA (1971), declaring that the First Amendment protects people's right to spend as much as they want on their own elections, but that Congress can limit how much people contribute to other's elections, was... A) Valeo vs. Ford B) Helms vs. Valeo C) Buckley vs. Valeo D) Bradley vs. Hernandez 49. Which of the following best describes Barack Obama's campaign message in the 2012 election? A) "I'm a champion for the working class." B) "It's time for a change, and I'm the agent of change you're looking for." C) "I did as well as could have been expected under the circumstances." D) "I deserve another chance to clean up my mistakes." E) "I'm the reason the economy is doing so well." 50. A majority of eligible Americans vote in most congressional elections. 51. Why do winning candidates claim a mandate even though political scientists generally discredit the mandate theory of elections? A) Winning candidates are not well versed in the political science literature. B) Politicians think that political scientists do not understand how things actually work. C) Voters do not necessary prefer all of the winning candidate's issue positions. D) Winning candidates want to justify their policy proposals by claiming that the public supports them. E) Claiming a mandate helps a winning candidate ease any hard feelings among the opponent's supporters. 52. If no candidate receives an Electoral College majority, the election is decided in the. A) Elections and Campaigns Committee B) Senate C) Ways and Means Committee D) House of Representatives E) Supreme Court

9 53. Why do presidential candidates tend to focus their efforts on battleground states? A) Battleground states have more electors than they would deserve if electors were allocated by population. B) Candidates focus on battleground states in order to increase their media exposure. C) Public finances for presidential campaigns can only be used in battleground states. D) Battleground states have the most Electoral College votes. E) The winner-take-all system makes battleground states more relevant to a campaign. 54. The significance of the Supreme Court decision in Buckley v. Valeo is that it upheld restrictions on the amount of money an individual could contribute to his or her own campaign. 55. Which of the following was one of the requirements of the Federal Election Campaign Act? A) Contributions from individuals must be limited to $1 million per candidate. B) All candidates for federal office must disclose who contributed money to their campaigns. C) All candidates for all elections must disclose how they spent their campaign contributions. D) Candidates for Congress must disclose how much money they received in contributions. E) All candidates for the presidency must list the organizations that donated more than $1 million to their campaigns.

Chapter 9 Campaigns and Voting Behavior (Elections) AP Government

Chapter 9 Campaigns and Voting Behavior (Elections) AP Government The Nomination Game 9.1 Competing for Delegates 9.1 National party convention State delegates meet and vote on nominee Nomination process