9. The first and only president of the Confederacy was A) Robert E. Lee. B) Alexander Stephens. C) Jefferson Davis. D) John Crittenden.

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1 #14: The Civil War 1. Between the election of 1860 and his inauguration, Abraham Lincoln A) contacted Jefferson Davis several times. B) worked very closely with President Buchanan. C) made serious attempts to reassure the South. D) did not show much leadership. 2. At the start of the Civil War, Lincoln's Secretary of State William Seward A) thought he could dominate Lincoln. B) was the most incompetent member of Lincoln's Cabinet. C) believed Lincoln was far too radical on slavery. D) argued that the North was better off without the slaveholding South. 3. Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, and Tennessee seceded when Lincoln A) ordered the Union army to invade the South. B) approved the execution of Confederates as criminals. C) called for 75,000 volunteers after the fall of Fort Sumter. D) appointed Charles Sumner to his Cabinet. 4. President Lincoln viewed secession as A) a temporary threat which could be ignored. B) no reason for civil war. C) part of the right of self-determination. D) a rejection of democracy. 5. President Lincoln's ultimate purpose for fighting the Civil War was to A) destroy slavery. B) expand United States territory. C) preserve the Union. D) profit northern manufacturers. 6). Military action early in the Civil War seemed to indicate that A) northern officers were incompetent. B) southern commanders were superior. C) northern troops were poorly supplied. D) southern soldiers did not favor rebellion. 7. In establishing a new government, the South A) totally rejected all existing federal laws. B) was handicapped by its states' rights philosophy. C) ignored federal precedents and administrative machinery. D) benefited from its states' rights philosophy.

2 8. According to the graph "Men Present for Service During the Civil War," which of the following statements is true? A) From 1862 to 1864 the South had twice as many soldiers as the North. B) In 1865 the North had twice as many soldiers as the South. C) Between 1862 and 1864 the North and South had approximately the same number of soldiers. D) At all times during the war the North had at least twice as many soldiers as the South. 9. The first and only president of the Confederacy was A) Robert E. Lee. B) Alexander Stephens. C) Jefferson Davis. D) John Crittenden. 10. Comparing them as presidents, the basic difference between Lincoln and Davis was that A) Davis was patient with people who talked too much or did not understand him. B) Lincoln failed to delegate authority. C) Davis allowed personal feelings to distort his judgment. D) Lincoln could not stand criticism. 11. The first major battle of the Civil War (in July 1861), disastrous for the Union, was the Battle of A) Antietam. B) Shiloh. C) Bull Run. D) Sharpsburg. 12. After the Union's defeat at Bull Run, Lincoln appointed to command the Union forces. A) Winfield Scott B) Ulysses S. Grant C) George McClellan D) Winfield Scott Hancock 13. Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumner, and Benjamin Wade were leaders of the A) Radical Republicans. B) Copperheads. C) Jayhawkers. D) Peace Democrats. 14. Clement Vallandigham believed there were two rebellions in progress, "the Secessionist Rebellion," and "the Abolitionist Rebellion." Vallandigham was a A) War Democrat. B) Peace Democrat. C) Copperhead. D) Radical Republican. 15. Members of the peace societies in the North were often called A) Rattlesnakes. B) Copperheads. C) Water Moccasins. D) Anacondas.

3 16. How did Lincoln treat the civil rights of dissenters during the Civil War? A) He did everything in his power to preserve their rights because he was devoted to individual freedom. B) He suspended the writ of habeas corpus in critical areas and applied martial law freely. C) He prohibited any free elections during the war. D) He accused newspapers that criticized his government of treason and ordered them closed. 17. The most notorious Peace Democrat was Ohio Congressman A) Benjamin Wade. B) Henry Winter Davis. C) Thaddeus Stevens. D) Clement Vallandigham. 18. During the Civil War era, federal courts A) were suspended and did not issue any opinions. B) admirably defended civil liberties. C) did whatever they were told to by Abraham Lincoln. D) refused to hear any issues regarding the military. 19. After Bull Run, President Jefferson Davis revised his military strategy to rely primarily upon A) building a strong defense to wear down the Union's will to fight. B) planning a series of bold invasions of the North. C) breaking the Union's naval blockade with the assistance of Great Britain. D) using slaves as support troops. 20. The most vexing problem the Confederacy had during the Civil War was A) logistics. B) ammunition. C) manpower. D) finance. 21. An examination of the Confederate war effort reveals that A) there was a serious lack of arms and ammunition. B) northern military might was overwhelming. C) southern armies did not lose any battles because of a lack of armaments. D) southern armies were well supplied with shoes and uniforms. 22. The idea that "cotton is king" played a major role in the way A) the South conducted foreign affairs. B) Lincoln viewed slavery. C) Davis conducted Confederate military strategy. D) Lincoln viewed foreign policy. 23. What part did Great Britain play in the Civil War? A) Strong public support in England for the North made no difference in British policies. B) Davis threatened to declare war if England delivered two ironclad rams built for the Union. C) England needed northern wheat more than southern cotton. D) Great Britain strongly supported the Union in every way possible throughout the war.

4 24. The North came close to war with when that nation built powerful cruisers and ironclad "rams" for the Confederate navy. A) Great Britain B) France C) Germany D) Spain 25. On what did the South mainly rely to finance the war? A) money from cotton exports B) bake sales C) tariffs D) printing paper currency 26. The map "Battles in the West" depicts how control of the was the focus of most of the battles in the West. A) port of New Orleans B) Mississippi River C) Ohio River D) Appalachian Mountain range 27. The early confidence of both sides was rocked by the staggering casualties sustained in 1862 at A) Bull Run. B) Seven Pines. C) Shiloh. D) Vicksburg. 28. The basic intellectual and psychological weaknesses of General George McClellan were clearly displayed during the A) Wilderness Campaign. B) Vicksburg Campaign. C) bombardment of Fort Sumter. D) Peninsular Campaign. 29. Even though he did not defeat Lee, McClellan managed to stop his 1862 invasion of the North at A) Manassas. B) Antietam. C) Gettysburg. D) Shiloh. 30. The Emancipation Proclamation directly freed A) only slaves in the border states controlled by the Union. B) no slaves. C) only slaves in areas of the South controlled by the Union army. D) all slaves in the South.

5 31. Lincoln justified the Emancipation Proclamation as A) the first step in realizing the goals of the Declaration of Independence. B) a noble goal that would stimulate northern morale. C) carrying out God's will. D) a military necessity because it would weaken the enemy. 32. As a result of the Emancipation Proclamation, A) Democrats made significant political gains in the Northwest by capitalizing on voters' racist fears. B) Republican politicians vigorously defended the cause of racial justice and black equality. C) the Republican Party refused to support Lincoln's re-election campaign in D) the Democrat Party vigorously defended the cause of racial justice and black equality. 33. Most Republican politicians defended emancipation on the grounds that A) blacks deserved it. B) northern blacks would all move to the South. C) the war's purpose was to end slavery. D) blacks could then be better assimilated. 34. The New York City draft riots in July 1863 were triggered by the Conscription Act of 1863 and A) racial backlash against the Emancipation Proclamation. B) anger over war profiteering by unscrupulous businesses. C) frustration with rampant inflation and stagnant wages. D) anger at New York Democrats who did not support Lincoln's policies. 35. How did blacks react to the Emancipation Proclamation? A) They were suspicious about Lincoln's motives. B) They saw it as a beacon promising future improvement. C) There was no universal black reaction. D) They were largely indifferent to it because it had no immediate impact. 36. During the Civil War, black soldiers were A) fully integrated into the Union army. B) less than one percent of the Union forces by the war's end. C) fully integrated into the Confederate army. D) more than ten percent of the Union forces by the war's end. 37. In summer 1863, Lee launched his last assault into the North and was defeated in the Battle of, which probably decided the fate of the Confederacy. A) Shiloh B) Gettysburg C) Fredericksburg D) Antietam 38. The Mississippi River was controlled by the Union after the fall of A) New Orleans. B) Mobile. C) Vicksburg. D) Chancellorsville.

6 39. Grant's victory at led to Lincoln's giving him command of all troops west of the Appalachians. A) Gettysburg B) Shiloh C) Antietam D) Vicksburg 40. After the South seceded, Congress passed several measures previously blocked by southern opposition, including the Act. A) Homestead B) Kansas-Nebraska C) Conscription D) Stamp 41. The Civil War caused the northern economy to experience A) soaring prices after B) high levels of unemployment. C) dramatic increases in immigration. D) relatively few strikes. 42. How did the Civil War affect the American economy? A) By speeding economic change, it helped prepare the way for modern industrial society. B) The enormous number of casualties created severe labor shortages and stifled economic growth. C) The fearful national crisis discouraged selfishness and materialism. D) The wasteful destruction of material resources by the war retarded economic growth. 43. How did the Civil War affect women and their "proper spheres"? A) Only northern women expanded their "proper spheres" by working as army nurses and replacing male workers. B) Both northern and southern women expanded their "proper spheres" by serving in their respective armies in non-combat roles. C) Both northern and southern women expanded their "proper spheres" by working as army nurses and replacing male workers. D) Only southern women expanded their "proper spheres" by working as army nurses and replacing male workers. 44. The former Democrat placed on the Lincoln ticket to assure victory in 1864 was A) Joseph Johnston. B) George McClellan. C) Stephen Douglas. D) Andrew Johnson. 45. The Union general noted for carrying out the doctrine of "total war" was A) Joseph Hooker. B) George McClellan. C) Ambrose Burnside. D) William Tecumseh Sherman.

7 46. Sherman's march through Georgia and the fall of Atlanta in September of 1864 contributed greatly to A) Grant's victory in the Wilderness. B) the resignation of Jefferson Davis. C) the Emancipation Proclamation. D) Lincoln's re-election in November. 47. In his Second Inaugural Address, Lincoln A) urged tolerance and mercy toward the South. B) made no efforts to calm southern fears about his administration. C) reiterated the themes and goals of his first inaugural address. D) claimed he would not interfere with slavery in the states where it already existed. 48. On April 9, 1865, Robert E. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia to Ulysses S. Grant at A) Antietam. B) Annapolis. C) Atlanta. D) Appomattox. 49. The human toll of the Civil War was A) 600,000, nearly as many as in all other American wars combined. B) 1 million, more than in all other United States wars. C) 50,000, about 28 percent of the population. D) 300,000, most of which succumbed to new armament technology. 50. As a result of the Union victory, people tended to view America as A) evidence that democracy would fail. B) a nation, not just a union of states. C) vulnerable to further secession movements. D) a beacon of freedom for people of color everywhere.