10/25/2018. Major Battles. Cold Harbor Battles include: On Jan. 1, 1863 Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation. Gettysburg- turning point

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1 Major Battles Battles include: Bull run Shiloh Antietam Fredericksburg On Jan. 1, 1863 Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation Freed slaves in rebel states Encouraged freedmen to join the Army Gettysburg- turning point Cold Harbor 1864 Cold Harbor- May 31 st - Union seize Cold Harbor and manage to repel Confederate infantry. June 3 rd - Grant tried a massive assault against the Confederate lines and his men were slaughtered. After 9 days of trench warfare Grant left Cold Harbor. big Union loss Union: 1,844 killed, 9,077 wounded Confederate: 83 Killed, 3,380 wounded Sherman s march- introduces a version of total war Sherman captured Atlanta Sept. 2, 1864, a major shipping and railroad hub. Burnt Atlanta s military resources (saved the churches and hospitals) Sherman s news of capturing Atlanta helps win Lincoln the election November 15, 1864 to December 21, 1864, 60,000 Union soldiers marched 285 miles from Atlanta to Savannah Georgia stealing food, and plundering as they went January 31, th amendment passed! 1

2 The End of The War April 9 th, 1865 Lee met Grant at Appomattox Court House to surrender. Wilmer McLean April 14 th, 1865 Lincoln assassinated Overview Start: April 12, 1861 End: April 9, 1865 Soldiers Fighting for the Union: 2,128,948 By the end 10% of the Union army was African American Soldiers fighting for the Confederacy: 1,082,119 Death from war, starvation, disease: 620, ,000 Reconstruction 2

3 Reconstruction 1865 Reconstruction Issues 1. Amending the Constitution to abolish slavery. 2. Bringing the former Southern states back into the Union. Plans Lincoln released his plan Dec The Ten Percent Plan 10% of voters in the seceded states must swear loyalty under oath to the Union. The seceded states must abolish slavery. Congress wasn t pleased. Only congress can admit states Congress s plan- Wade-Davis Bill released 1864 Wade-Davis Bill The majority of white men from formerly Confederate states must swear loyalty to the United States. The seceded states must abolish slavery. Former Confederate soldiers or volunteers cannot hold office or vote. Vetoed by Lincoln Johnson s plan Democrat From the South Made it rather easy for states to be readmitted Johnson Plan The majority of white men from formerly Confederate states must swear loyalty to the United States. Formerly Confederate states must ratify the 13 th Amendment (bans slavery). Former Confederate officials may hold office and vote. 3

4 13 th Amendment 13th Amendment: (Outlaws slavery) Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime where of the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Under Johnson s plan Southerners created governments and Black codes Wanted to recreate old way of life Created Black Codes to keep freed slaves dependent and give farmers cheap labor Ku Klux Klan formed in 1866 Congress had enough Republicans, represent a large portion of Congress Tried to pass laws to help freed slaves (similar to what will be the 14 th amendment) Johnson vetoed 14 th Amendment 14th Amendment: 1868 ( if you are born in the U.S. you are granted citizenship, states can t deprive you of due process of the law or equal protection of the laws) Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction (laws) thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge (limit) the privileges or immunities (rights) of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. 4

5 Black Codes- Examples 1. "No negro or freedmen shall be allowed to come within the limits of the town of Opelousas without special permission from his employers. Whoever breaks this law will go to jail and work for two days on the public streets, or pay a fine of five dollars. 2. No negro or freedman shall be permitted to rent or keep a house in town under any circumstances. No negro or freedman shall live within the town who does not work for some white person or former owner. 3. No public meetings of negroes or freedmen shall be allowed within the town. 4. No freedman shall be allowed to carry firearms, or any kind of weapons. No freedman shall sell or exchange any article of merchandise within the limits of Opelousas without permission in writing from his employer. 5. Every negro is to be in the service of (work for) some white person, or former owner. New Reconstruction- Controlled by Radical Republicans Divided the south into 5 military districts Republicans join together and pass the 14 th amendment- gave citizenship to anyone born or naturalized in the United States, also guaranteed equal protection. Made it harder for states to be readmitted and keep the old ways Except the Ku Klux Klan still existed and so did Black Codes 1868 Ulysses Grant is elected President 15 th amendment passed (All males can vote) Some freed slaves move west, some move to urban areas, most stay in Rural south Sharecropping and tenant farming 5

6 Reconstruction Ends Disenchantment with the way it s gone Souths economy is horrible!! Reconstruction leaders die and no one takes over Election of 1876 Ohio Governor Rutherford B Hayes (R) runs against NY Governor Samuel Tilden (D) Tilden technically wins but there were some vote issues.. Compromise Hayes for president, and troops are removed from the south 6