EUROPEAN STUDIES SERIES. General Editors Colin Jones Richard Overy Series Advisers Joe Bergin John Breuilly Ruth Harris

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1 EUROPEAN STUDIES SERIES General Editors Colin Jones Richard Overy Series Advisers Joe Bergin John Breuilly Ruth Harris This series marks a major initiative in European history publishing aimed primarily, though not exclusively, at an undergraduate audience. It will encompass a wide variety of books on aspects of European history since 1500, with particular emphasis on France and Germany, although no country will be excluded and a special effort will be made to cover previously neglected areas, such as Scandinavia, Eastern Europe and Southern Europe. The series will include political accounts and broad thematic treatments, both of a comparative kind and studies of a single country, and will lay particular emphasis on social and cultural history where this opens up fruitful new ways of examining the past. The aim of the series is to make available a wide range of titles in areas where there is now an obvious gap or where the existing historical literature is out of date or narrowly focused. The series will also include translations of important books published elsewhere in Europe. Interest in European affairs and history has never been greater; European Studies will help make that European heritage closer, richer and more comprehensible.

2 EUROPEAN STUDIES SERIES Published Janine Garrisson Michael Hughes Martyn Lyons Pamela M. Pilbeam A History of Sixteenth-Century France, Early Modern Germany, Napoleon Bonaparte and the Legacy of the French Revolution Republicanism in Nineteenth-Century France, Forthcoming Robert Aldrich Nigel Aston Christopher Black Gail Bossenga Mark Greengrass Susan Grogan Stuart Jones Hugh McLeod Richard Okey Richard Overy Jonathan Powis Roger Price Stephen Salter Tom Scott Richard Vinen Greater France: A Short History of French Overseas Expansion Religion, Revolution and the Churches in France, The Counter-Reformation in Italy The Ancien Regime and the Coming of the French Revolution Continental Calvinism: The Shaping of a Confessional Identity, A History of Women in France, A History of France, Secularisation in Western Europe, The Hapsburg Monarchy, : The Improbable Empire Nazism Office-Holding in Old Regime France A Social History of Europe, Imperial Germany, A Social and Economic History of Early Modern Germany A History of France, More titles in preparation

3 A History of Sixteenth-Century France, Renaissance, Reformation and Rebellion JANINE GARRISSON Translated by Richard Rex -- MACMILlAN

4 Editions du Seuil 1991 English translation Macmillan Press 1995 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. Published 1995 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world Originally published by Editions du Seuil, Paris, as two books: Royauti, REnaissance et Riforme (1991) and Guerre civile et compromis, ( 1991 ) ISBN DOI / ISBN (ebook) A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

5 Contents Genealogical Tables 1 The Habsburg Dynasty 2 The Later Valois 3 The House of Bourbon 4 The House of Guise PART I THE KINGDOM AND ITS PEOPLE Introduction 1 Peasant Life 2 Urban Life vii PART II THE RENAISSANCE MONARCHY 3 Passions in France 71 4 Charles VIII and Louis XII Foreign Policy under Fran~,;ois I and Henri II Domestic Politics under Fran~.;ois I and Henri II The Monarchy and its Image PART III FACTION AND CIVIL WAR Introduction 8 The People in Power 9 The Church and the Protestant Faction 10 The Church and the Catholic Faction 11 The Politiques 12 Conde's Wars, v

6 vi CONTENTS 13 The Massacre of Saint Bartholomew and the Baronial Wars, The 'War of the Three Henries' and the Struggle for Peace under Henri IV, Conclusion 399 Notes Bibliography Glossary Index

7 Frederick Ill (Emperor, ) Maximilian I m (Emperor, ) Charles the Bold Duke of Burgundy Mary of Burgundy Philip the Fair Charles V 150Q-58 King of Spain, Emperor, I Philip II, King of Spain Sicily I I Mary m. Louis II of Hungary... ;S Ferdinand of Aragon m. Isabella of Castile King of Aragon and I m Joanna the Mad Archduke of Austria Queen of Castile '""~ "''"Y"h"""'' I I Ferdinand I King of Bohemia and Hungary Emperor, The Habsburg Dynasty

8 Francois II King, 1559 Elisabeth m. Philip II of Spain Henri II, King of France from 1547 to 1558 m. Catherine de Medici Claude m. Charles Ill of Lorraine Charles IX Henri Ill King, Marguerite King, m. Henri de Navarre (Henri IV) 2 The Later Valois (simplified) Francois Duke of Alencon g:

9 IX Robert de Clermont 9th son of St Louis Charles de Bourbon Antoine de Bourbon m. Jeanne d'aibret Henri de Navarre (King Henri IV) Louis, 1st Prince of Conde 153Q-69 I Henri, Prince of Conde The House of Bourbon, Leaders of the Protestant Party

10 Henri Duke of Guise I Charles 4th Duke of Guise Frant;:ois, Duke of Guise Charles Cardinal of Lorraine, d Charles Duke of Mayenne Louis 2nd Cardinal Claude Duke of Au male of Guise Charles 2nd Duke of Au male Louis Cardinal of Guise Rene Marquis d'eibeuf Claude Chevalier d'aumale >< Claude, Duke of Guise m. Antoinette de Bourbon I I I --~--l I I I I -~ 4 The House of Guise (simplified)