Global perspective on Prevention Science in a Changing World. EU SPR Conference, October 2016, Berlin

Transcription

1 Global perspective on Prevention Science in a Changing World EU SPR Conference, October 2016, Berlin

2 Presenters Moshe Israelashvili, Tel Aviv University, Israel A differential perspective on Global Prevention Science Maria Rosaria Galanti, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden Evaluation of Complex preventive Interventions Amador Calafat, European Institute of Studies on Prevention (IREFREA), Spain Prevention in the context of Recreational Nightlife: Where we are? Petra Buchwald, Bergische University of Wuppertal, Germany Stress Prevention among German Teachers Moshe Israelashvili, Tel Aviv University, Israel & John L. Romano, The University of Minnesota (Emeritus), USA Global Prevention Science: A Call for Action

3 A differential perspective on Global Prevention Science

4 The emergence of Prevention as a Science Paying homage to Inter disciplinary approach The adoption of a rigorous methodology The incorporation of socio political concerns as a legitimate component in prevention efforts The dominant focus on utility and economy Realization of the multi facet nature of prevention/promotion Attention and consideration to social justice Growing [yet limited] awareness to cultural differences and the need for cultural adaptation.globalization? Importance of Global Prevention Science (as demonstrated) with global data and research JR5

5 Slide 4 JR5 I added. Not sure if you wanted more here with? jroman001, 13/10/2016

6 The Cambridge Handbook of International Prevention Science Moshe Israelashvili, Tel Aviv University (Israel) & John L. Romano, University of Minnesota (USA) (Editors) The emergence of prevention science Essence of Prevention Foundations of Prevention Science Methodology Implementation Expansion Globalization and Prevention Science: Asia North and South America Europe Africa and the Middle East Future of Prevention Science Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data: ISBN Hardback ISBN Paperback

7 Essence of Prevention Foundations of Prevention Science: Policy development Economics Ethics Evidence Based Translation from Experimental to Community Multicultural and Social Justice Methodology: International Standards Outcome Evaluation Statistical Applications

8 Implementation: Prevention and Recreational Nightlife Prevention and Career Management Family based Prevention Preventing Violence and Victimization among minority & immigrant youth Early Intervention for Anti Social Children Prevention and School Counseling Prevention in Early Childhood Prevention and International Students Adolescent At Risk Behaviors and Positive Youth Development Expansion: Anxiety sensitivity and prevention of psychopathology Prevention in Context of Cross Cultural Neuroscience Reducing Impact of Disasters Forgiveness and Prevention of Poor Health.

9 Globalization and Prevention Science Egypt Ghana Internet Addiction in Korea Early Childhood and Prevention in Singapore South Africa Illegal Substance Abuse in Bhutan Switzerland Promoting Coping Skills in Australia Preventing Drug Abuse in Hong Kong The Suicide Prevention in India Prevention Psychology in Thailand Netherlands Preventing school shootings: American and European Perspective? Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse in the USA Alcohol and Drug Prevention in Latin America Adolescent Prevention Programs in Mexico Evidence-based Prevention Programs in Croatia Stress Prevention among German Teachers Prevention and Schools in Italy Evidence-based family drug prevention in Spain Preventing Youth Risk Behaviors through Positive Relationships in Poland Positive Parenting in Spain HIV/AIDS in Swaziland: Sigma, Blame, Shame Government Support of Prevention in Israel Preventing HIV/AIDS in Botswana including some elaboration on the Economic, Social, and Cultural Make up of each nation..

10 Korean insight into internet addiction Cheung Moon Cho (2016). South Korea s Efforts to Prevent Internet Addiction. Chapter 23 Is there Internet addiction? Assuming that the rate of internet addiction is 1.5% should we intervene? The Second Master Plan identified six policy domains: Compulsory Prevention Training Healing Aid Evaluation Governance Environment

11 Divergent (?) challenges of HIV prevention Mexico: Male adolescents need to show masculinity Pick, S. et al. (2016). Effectiveness of Brief Prevention Programs for Adolescents in Mexico. Chapter 32 Botswana: Adult males need to gain social status Stockton, R. et al. (2016). Preventing the Spread of HIV/AIDS in Botswana. Chapter 42 Swaziland: Stigma, Blame, and Shame Akande A. et al. (2016). An Investigation of HIV/AIDS Related Stigma, Blame, and Shame in Swaziland. Chapter 40 India: Shame leads to suicidal behavior Solomon R. et al. (2016). Suicidal Behavior and Its Prevention in India. Chapter 28 What is the role of shame in the development of risk behaviors? What is the role of forgiveness in the prevention of risk behaviors? Worthington, E. I. et al. (2016). Forgiveness Interventions and the Prevention of Poor Health, Hostile Relationships, Societal Hatred and Violence. Chapter 22

12 Bhutan Happiness Dolkar, T. (2016). Prevention of Illegal Substance Use and Abuse in Bhutan. Chapter 25

13 What energizes substance abuse? Bhutan: Foreign visitors What lessons emerge from the Dutch and the Swiss experience with substance tourism? Statistics Netherlands: Illegal activities increased from 1,800 million euro in 1995 to 3,500 million euro in [however, out of which] Drugs accounted for 50% in 2001 but down to 40% in 2008 Poland: The transition from socialism to capitalism Hong Kong: cross border substance abuse (from China) Israel: (cross border) Terror Questions: (1) What are the local forces (e.g., social norms, local social media, vs. unemployment) and the imported forces (e.g., tourism, global social media, terror) that shape the establishment of a given (i.e., local) preventive intervention? (2) What constitutes a culture of prevention?

14 How to outline A unified territory for Prevention? Example: The case of Latin America Pérez Gómez, A. et al. (2016). The Evolution of Alcohol and Drug Prevention Strategies in Latin America. Chapter 32 Large differences within and between LA countries, e.g., Culture: Traditions, beliefs, customs, artistic expressions, and values Language: About ¾ speaks Spanish and the rest speaks Portuguese Socio-economic conditions and education: significantly differ Political systems: Most governments have adopted democracy however political polarization exists and affects prevention-related decisions Investment: Only Brazil, Costa Rica, Mexico, Chile and Uruguay have policies allowing continuous investment in prevention, others lack long-term planning. Today it is clear that no literal translation of prevention programs can be implemented directly from one LA country to another. Programs must be adapted to the local context.

15 Global Prevention Science: A Call for Action

16 (Past) Barriers to the emergence of Prevention Science Globally (partial list) Human nature Political differences Daily Hassles & Conflicting Values Limited budgets Simplistic research designs Lack of knowledge about major problems Pathologization (Current) Western knowledge

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19 Major global impressions Prevention activities are taking place in many countries. Across the globe there is acceptance of the idea that prevention and health/wellness promotion are complementary terms. The educational systems are one of the major contexts where prevention efforts are taking place. The family is a context to implement prevention. JR16 Increasing importance is given to effective parenting, both to prevent problems as well as to enhance health and WB. It is widely accepted that prevention programs should be comprehensive, i.e., address the person, the family, the community (e. g. school) and engage government and political entities to support prevention.

20 Slide 18 JR16 Maybe mention early childhood educ programs, and you can mention Temples/Reynolds paper on cost effectiveness of early preschool educ. jroman001, 13/10/2016

21 Major global impressions (cont.) There is wide agreement that cultural adaptation is crucial, no matter how much evidence a prevention program has already received in other countries/cultural contexts. There is a growing tendency to develop and implement local prevention programs, even though there is have little or no evidence to support their effectiveness. In most countries, central governmental contributions to prevention are limited. Most often prevention interventions are supported and implemented by local administration, educational institutions, and NGOs. Democracy "invades" into prevention; i.e., prevention programs are developed while taking into account both financial and political realities alongside matters of social justice and ethics.

22 Global Challenges Moving forward into low-income countries Integrating new developments (e.g., Epigenetic; Brain) Addressing ethics and social justice Encountering the changing modern family Sophisticated culturally-oriented evidence-based programs Encouragement to local prevention efforts Pursuing a generic knowledge on prevention Improving funding and prevention personnel Training of prevention specialists Establishing formal protocols for cultural adaptation (content; scales; dissemination) Formalization of Global Standards and Guidelines for prevention Encouraging regional collaboration, partnerships and global research Provide a forum for sharing regional expertise and explore collaborations: A call for Action

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