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5 Hack it if you can Intro:-The EC s challenge to political parties to prove EVMs can be hacked is a welcome move. EVM is a singular instrument with its dependence on standalone hardware-firmware-led machine components to register and tally votes It is not reliant on computer software or networked components. Questions have been therefore raised about the possibility of EVM-tampering 1)- Introduction of malicious code that could override the logic embedded in the chip, 2)-Replacing its chip, or manipulating the communication between the ballot and the control units through remote signals or equipment. A strict administrative protocol involving first-level checks after manufacture, 1)-Randomised deployment, 2)-Sealed strong rooms for storage, and 3)-Conduct of mock polls has been instituted.

6 Continue Voter verifiable paper audit trails beginning )-VVPATs will add another layer of accountability, 2)-Allowing voters to verify the choice registered on the ballot unit in real time, and 3)-The machine-read vote tallies(ह स ब) post-election These steps have obviously not satisfid some political parties Aam Aadmi Party recently demonstrated(स हबत)- claimed to be a possible hack of the EVM. The EC s challenge to political parties to participate in a hackathon on June 3. The more transparent the EC is about demonstrating the robustness of its safeguards and its determination to improve them further, the greater will be the public s trust in the electoral process

7 Continue Electronic Voting Machines ("EVM") are being used in Indian General and State Elections to implement electronic voting in part from The Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) system was introduced in 8 of 543 parliamentary constituencies as a pilot project in Indian general election, Manufactured by 1)-Bharat Electronics Limited, Bangalore and 2)-Electronics Corporation of India Limited, Hyderabad.

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9 Intro:- Trump adopts the Saudi line on West Asia, reversing the Obama outreach to Tehran. Trump was particularly critical- Ban Muslims from entering the U.S.- later blocked by the courts Addressing leaders from over 50 Muslim countries in Riyadh on Sunday, he was extremely careful not to hurt the kingdom s sensibilities- Called for unity in fighting terrorism Signed a $110 billion arms agreement with the Saudis. America will also supply its rich Arab allies advanced weapons Defence industry at home will obviously benefit from such deals, creating more jobs. Message Mr. Trump is sending from his Saudi visit is clear: His administration will re-endorse Saudi Arabia, along with Israel, as a key pillar of America s West Asia policy But Obama- steadily expanding the defence partnership between Washington and Riyadh, had tried to balance between Saudi Arabia and Iran- went ahead with the Iran nuclear deal. If Mr. Trump wants to be peacemaker and make West Asia a more secure place, he has to reach out to both sides and appeal to them to dial down the tensions. But merely supplying weapons to Riyadh and its allies will not bring peace to West Asia, or help defeat terrorism. Message from Riyadh

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11 Iran votes for reform But Rouhani s challenges, domestically and with the U.S. and Arab neighbours, are just beginning Hassan Rouhani vs Ebrahim Raisi- winning 57% of the votes compared to Mr. Raisi s 38.5% A difficult campaign Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action ( JCPOA), a nuclear agreement concluded with the P Sanctions relief has had a positive impact on the economy with oil exports up and GDP growth hitting 6% last year. Mr. Raisi described the JCPOA as a cheque that Rouhani had failed to cash. Rouhani s challenge will be to 1)-Sustain economic growth and 2)-Reform process forward 3)-Unemployment, currently running at over 12%, and higher among the youth. 4)-Promised to expand individual and political rights, 5)-Enlarge women s role and 6)-Ensure greater accountability.

12 Continue Dealing with Trump During the election campaign, Mr. Trump had called it the worst deal ever and threatened to tear it up as soon as he was elected! Modified his position Realising perhaps that it is not just a bilateral agreement with Iran but also includes Russia, China, the U.K., France, Germany and the European Union. The JCPOA was the outcome of protracted negotiations over more than a decade, during which Iran had steadily built up its nuclear capabilities, especially in the enrichment domain In 2015 was estimated to be only months away from acquiring enough Highly Enriched Uranium to produce one device (approximately 25 kg) Though Iran consistently maintained that its programme was exclusively for peaceful purposes. JCPOA was the best way to prevent Iran from developing a military nuclear capability for the next years.

13 The Saudi factor It is all the more ironic because Iran is the one country that is opposed to the Islamic State. Yet the U.S. is keener to bless the Saudi created Islamic Military Alliance to Fight Terrorism, a grouping of 41 Sunni nations, under the command of former Pakistani Army Chief. It remains unclear what the role of this coalition is, to fight the IS or Iran or to secure the Gulf monarchies! Collapse of the JCPOA, it could push Iran to cross the nuclear threshold with much wider regional implications. Mr. Rouhani s challenges are just beginning.

14 The united states of Myanmar? Intro:- Myanmar is to hold the second round of the 21 st Panglong Union Peace Conference in its administrative capital, Nay Pyi Taw, from May 24 to 28. A major issue at the meet will be the question of federalism. Government-led Union Peace Dialogue Joint Committee (UPDJC) meeting in Nay Pyi Taw on May 12, the committee agreed in principle to grant the seven states and seven regions permission to draft their own constitution on the condition that they would not break away from the country. UPDJC, headed by State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi, includes representatives from the ethnic armed groups, political parties and the government. The Panglong conference is likely to discuss the question of self-determination and the drafting of the Constitution by states and regions.

15 Continue Rooted in history The question of federalism or autonomy in Myanmar goes back to the pre-independence era. The idea of forming a union government that would give equal status to all citizens brought together different ethnic groups at the Panglong conference of It has also divided the country psychologically and emotionally Elected government after Independence, failed to fulfill the political aspirations of the ethnic non-burmans. When non-burman ethnic groups pushed for autonomy or federalism, alongside having a weak civilian government at the centre, the military leadership staged a coup d état(overthrow) in Successive military governments construed the use of the term federalism as being antinational, anti-unity and pro-disintegration. Until as recently as 2011,- one could land in jail for advocating federalism- Thein Sein himself a former military general- to form a quasi-civilian government. With gradual democratisation, the Thein Sein government accepted the concept of federalism,

16 Continue But nobody really knows what type of federalism Myanmar will eventually have. Opinions on different federal systems such as 1)-Symmetric federalism, 2)-Asymmetric federalism, 3)-Dual federalism, 4)- Creative federalism and 5)-Cooperative federalism have been discussed by policy makers and scholars. Due to the scattered population of several ethnic groups, the other concept widely discussed is a non territorial federalism. Possible solution The non-territorial federal structure could be a possible solution, well suited to the demands of some ethnic groups. Given the hybrid nature of the political structure,

17 Conclusion It is a positive development that the government has allowed not only the use and discussion of federalism but also the drafting of a Constitution by individual states and regions. Such a development may be construed as a case of Myanmar moving forward in its pursuit of a federal government.

18 An unequal burden Intro:- The Paris Climate Agreement (PA) was signed in December 2015 in an attempt to limit the release and the effects from greenhouse gases (GHGs). The Paris Climate Agreement recognises that all countries have responsibilities. However, the developed world needs to shoulder the major funding requirement Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) The Conference of the Parties-22 (COP-22) in Marrakesh(Morocco) in November 2016 continued discussions- recently concluded one in Bonn(Germany)May Planet would warm up by about 3 C from pre-industrial temperatures- well above the goal of staying below a 1.5 C or a 2 C rise. Improving energy efficiencies across various sectors and expanding the use of renewables. Recent policy actions by U.S. President Donald Trump indicate that the U.S. may not be able meet its own NDC targets.

19 Continue Green Climate Fund (GCF) is an international mechanism set up at the Conference of the Parties-16 (COP-16) in Cancun(Mexican) in As per the international agreement, advanced economies should provide an annual assistance of $100 billion, through public and private sources, by The deadline is now extended to The fund currently has pledges worth $10 billion from various developed countries and Commitment to fund projects that 1)-Enable the lowering of emissions and 2)-Help in dealing with the effects from climate change. India, early in its NDC statement, had estimated a requirement of $2.5 trillion to carry out its climate actions until However, it is clear that- least developed countries, small island states and African countries, which are all very vulnerable to the effects of warming and have contributed little to the GHGs, ought to receive the first priority.

20 Continue The GCF has the ability to bear risks, support innovation and leverage its own funds for further support, therefore making it a vital agency for poor countries. In January, former U.S. President Barack Obama transferred $500 million to the GCF. So far, more than 40 countries, including a few developing economies, have made contributions to the GCF, the major contributors being the U.S., Japan and the U.K. The fact that all countries have responsibilities has been recognised in the Paris Agreement and we are all pulling the ship, but the rich countries, especially the U.S. and European nations, have to do their fair share India or any other developing country simply recommitting to implement its NDCs will not accomplish much, since without help we cannot go far and need the assistance that is owed to us.

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23 News Analysis Page-1,10-Social boycott for triple talaq Muslims who resort to instant triple talaq will be socially boycotted by other Muslims, the influential All India Muslim Personal Law Board (AIMPLB) conveyed to the Supreme Court Page-2- Even as commercial use of genetically-modified mustard continues to court controversy, Ludhiana-based Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) is pushing farmers to adopt canola farming by developing canola villages in niche areas to produce and sell the oil. Canola is the international trade name for mustard Considered as one of the healthiest options. Agriculture scientists believe that canola is one of the best possible options available to lead a yellow revolution - growth, development and adoption of new varieties of oilseeds

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25 Continue Page-11- Pradhan seeks discount on oil Asks OPEC to remove Asian premium Petroleum Minister Dharmendra Pradhan on Monday urged the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries to remove the Asian premium on the crude oil supplied to Indian and Asian buyers, and said there should instead be an Asian dividend. Given the importance of the Asian market for OPEC, particularly the fast-growing Indian market which stood by OPEC as a reliable and continued customer, there should be an Asian dividend rather than an Asian premium.

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27 Continue Page-14- Smallest nation joins solar alliance The world s smallest republic, the tiny island nation of Nauru has become the sixth country to ratify the International Solar Alliance (ISA) Framework pact initiated by the Indian and French Governments at the climate change summit held at Paris in India has earmarked about $2 billion to finance solar projects in Africa out of it commitment to provide $10 billion of concessional lines of credit for projects in the continent.

28 Continue Page-14- Paytm Payments Bank to pay 4% on savings account. Paytm Payments Bank, which is slated to start operations on May 23, The bank is targeting a customer base of 500 million customers by It will offer five free ATM transactions per month, post which they will be charged 20 per ATM withdrawal. The current Paytm Wallet will move to the Paytm Payments Bank in the same capacity i.e. KYC Wallet as KYC Wallet and minimum detail KYC Wallet as minimum detail KYC Wallet

29 Continue Page-14- India becomes No. 2 stainless steel maker India overtook Japan to become the second-largest producer of stainless steel in the world, behind China, in 2016, according to data released by the International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF). India s stainless steel production rose 9% last year to 3.32 million tonnes, from 3 million tonnes in 2015 Several government initiatives like Make in India, smart cities, focus on improving sanitation and waste management facilities, building new infrastructure are likely to give a strong push to the stainlesssteel industry.

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31 Continue WORLD WATER DAY- 22 March Theme > "Wastewater Theme-2018->"Nature-based Solutions for Water Whanganui River, New Zealand, has a special and spiritual importance for the Maori people. Champaran Rajkumar Shukla had invited Mahatma Gandhi to visit Champaran Ahmedabad Kheda

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