Social Contract Theory According to Thomas Hobbes & John Locke

Transcription

1 Social Contract Theory According to Thomas Hobbes & John Locke

2 Thomas Paine says Government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil; in its worst state, an intolerable one.

3 Key Terms (Put these in your Notes) Authority the right to control, command, or determine. Government the political direction/control exercised over the actions of members, citizens, or inhabitants of communities, societies, and states. Power Political control in the government of a country, state, etc. Legitimacy authorized, sanctioned by, or in accordance with the law Public/Common Good The advantage or benefit of all people in a society or in a group. Sovereignty A nation or state s supreme power within its borders

4 5 Sources of Power (Put these in your notes) Formal Authority Power comes from the holder s position and duties within an organization Expertise Power comes from the power holder s specific skills Coercion Power comes from the power holder s ability to punish or penalize others Persuasion Power comes from the power holder s ability to persuade or influence others. Rewards Power comes from the power holder s ability to give something of value (money, land, possessions, etc.)

5 STATE OF NATURE TODAY

6 Life Without Government According to Hobbes A State of Nature = Anarchy! People are: Poor, nasty, brutish, and short No morality exists Everyone lives in constant fear Because of fear, all men are equal

7 Life Without Government According to Locke State of Nature = Freedom! Chaotic Not good or bad Give up freedoms to secure advantages of civilized society

8 Are Hobbes and Locke s theories similar? Different?

9 Did either of their philosophies describe your State of Nature on your lost island?

10 So Why do we need to create gov t?

11 Social Goods Social Goods don t exist in a state of nature : Farming Industry Education Housing Technology We need social cooperation in order for social goods to exist

12 What is the purpose of Gov t?

13 Purpose of Gov t According to HOBBES Purpose: To impose law and order to prevent state of war Protect people from themselves

14 Purpose of Gov t According to LOCKE Purpose To secure natural rights, namely man s property and liberty Protect the people from the government

15 Compare the purposes of gov t.

16 What are the advantages of govt?

17 Government supports: Social Living: Guarantees people will not harm one another People must be able to rely on one another to keep their agreements Common Good: All laws should support the common good i.e., Bill of Rights, laws against robbery, fraud, etc.

18 What are the disadvantages?

19 The Downside of Government We have to give up some freedoms by giving gov t the authority to enforce laws and agreements THIS IS A SOCIAL CONTRACT! We follow this contract as long as everyone else does the same.

20 What is the ideal gov t?

21 The Government According to: HOBBES Governments are designed to control, not represent No rights to overthrow, replace, or question once a leader has been picked

22 The Government According to: LOCKE Governments exist to preserve natural rights If a gov t doesn t do this, overthrow it and do it all over again!

23 This Creates the Social Safety Net The Gov t provides services for its citizens However, SCT says these services have to benefit ALL citizens, not just a small group Welfare, public education, and public assistance: Negative: Not good for wealthy and/or taxpayers Positive: Gives wealthy good workforce, supports to continue existence of society

24 At the bottom of your notes. Create a venn diagram that compares/contrasts Hobbes and Locke. You must include at least 5 things.

25 Answer the Questions for Rousseau 1. Describe your philosopher. (Who was he? Include background information). 2. Why do we need government (according to Rousseau)? 3. What was their ideal form of government? 4. How did the philosopher influence the United States? 5. Vocab words and definitions.

26 ENLIGHTENMENT PHILOSOPHER JIGSAW TEACH YOUR PARTNER ABOUT YOUR PHILOSOPHER YES, YOU MUST WRITE THIS IN YOUR NOTES. YES, YOU MUST DO VOCAB