Scientific Revolution leads to THE ENLIGHTENMENT

Transcription

1 Scientific Revolution leads to THE ENLIGHTENMENT

2 SCIENTISTS ROCK THE WORLD/CHURCH Newton van Leeuwenhoek Fahrenheit/Celsius Vesalius Boyle

3 SCIENTISTS ROCK THE WORLD/CHURCH Bacon: Empiricism (experimentation)

4 SCIENTISTS ROCK THE WORLD/CHURCH Bacon: Empiricism (experimentation) Descartes: Math and Logic

5 THE ENLIGHTENMENT Changes in Science! Changes in Religion, Government, Economics, Education, Society The Scientific Revolution (1500s-1600s): A time period when people began using experimentation and logic to understand the natural world. The Enlightenment: (1650-late 1700s): An intellectual movement which involved people using logic and rational thought (reason) to understand human beings, government, and society. Also known as the Age of Reason. WHAT DID THESE TWO MOVEMENTS SHARE?

6 ENLIGHTENMENT DEFINITION! Enlightenment means "to shine a light on.! During the Enlightenment, the scientific method was applied to theology, history, morality, and politics.! The Enlightenment was a time when people were optimistic about their ability to improve their lives.

7 THE ENLIGHTENMENT (AGE OF REASON) *Natural Law* What is natural law? Belief that certain rights exist independently of any government's granting of those rights Examples?

8 THE ENLIGHTENMENT (AGE OF REASON) Social Contract What does it mean to enter into a social contract? People agree to accept a government s authority. In exchange, government protects their natural rights.

9 THE ENLIGHTENMENT (AGE OF REASON) Hobbes Locke

10 THE ENLIGHTENMENT (AGE OF REASON) Hobbes Life is solitary, nasty, poor, brutish and short People are selfish Absolute monarchy Social Contract Locke People born free & equal Tabula Rasa (blank slate) Rights to: life, liberty, property (natural rights) Government protects these rights or.. The people can revolt!!!

11 THE ENLIGHTENMENT SPREADS SOUTH 1700s: France new capital of Enlightenment

12 THE ENLIGHTENMENT SPREADS SOUTH 1700s: France new capital of Enlightenment Paris was the it place to be for this century French becomes the language of the Enlightenment

13 World History: Patterns of Interaction

14 THE ENLIGHTENMENT 5 core beliefs Reason: Searching for explanation Nature: Natural laws/natural Rights/Nature Happiness: Building off of Secular ideas Progress: Building off of Humanism Liberty: Freedom/Rights

15 6 Key Philosophers French or English 17 th Century or 18 th Century Male or Female

16 6 Key Philosophers Locke Hobbes Wollstonecraft Rousseau Montesquieu Voltaire

17 Hobbes Locke Female writers tried to improve the status of women. Wollstonecraft argued that women, like men, need education to become virtuous and useful. She urged women to enter the male-dominated fields of medicine and politics. Rousseau believed that the only good government was one that was freely formed by the people and guided by the general will of society a direct democracy. Under such a government, people agree to give up some of their freedom in favor of the common good. Another influential French writer, the Baron de Montesquieu, devoted himself to the study of political liberty. Montesquieu believed that Britain was the bestgoverned and most politically balanced country of his own day. Using the pen name Voltaire, he published more than 70 books of political essays, philosophy, and drama. Voltaire often used satire against his opponents. He made frequent targets of the clergy, the aristocracy, and the government.