Democracy. Lecture 1 John Filling
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1 Democracy Lecture 1 John Filling jf582@cam.ac.uk
2
3 Overview 1. What is democracy? 2. Five questions 3. What, again? 4. Where? 5. Who? 6. Summing-up
4 Democracy Democracy ( demokratia ) People ( dêmos ) Power/Rule ( krátos )
5 Aristotle s typology of constitutions Is their rule good or bad? - Good - - Bad - How many rule? - One - Monarchy Tyranny - Some - Aristocracy Oligarchy - Many - Polity (Constitutional Govt.) Democracy
6 Overview 1. What is democracy? 2. Five questions 3. What, again? 4. Where? 5. Who? 6. Summing-up
7 Five questions 1. What? 4. Why? 2. Where? 5. How? 3. Who?
8 Overview 1. What is democracy? 2. Five questions 3. What, again? 4. Where? 5. Who? 6. Summing-up
9 Five questions 1. What? Ø Ideals v. institutions 2. Where? 4. Why? 5. How? 3. Who?
10 Ideal or institution? Democracy as an ideal Rule of the many (not the few) Democracy as an institutional arrangement One person, one vote
11 Institutional arrangement 1. Voting, periodically and via secret ballot 2. for representatives 3. of a plurality of parties 4. in a plurality of geographically-bounded constituencies 5. to form a legislature for fixed terms 6. governed by majority rule and 7. limited by constitutional constraints
12 Elections The people of England regards itself as free; but it is grossly mistaken; it is free only during the election of members of parliament. As soon as they are elected, slavery overtakes it, and it is nothing. The use it makes of the short moments of liberty it enjoys shows indeed that it deserves to lose them. Rousseau, Social Contract, 3.15
![mixed constitution] take[s] one feature from one form](/docs-images/82/86820308/images/13-2.jpg "and the other from the other, [e.g.")
![] from oligarchy that offices are to be elected, and](/docs-images/82/86820308/images/13-3.jpg "from democracy that this is not to be on a")
13 Elections it is thought to be democratic for the offices to be assigned by lot, oligarchic for them to be elected; and democratic for them not to have a property-qualification, oligarchic to have one; [the mixed constitution] take[s] one feature from one form and the other from the other, [e.g.] from oligarchy that offices are to be elected, and from democracy that this is not to be on a propertyqualification. Aristotle, Politics, 1294b
14 Ideal or institution? Democracy as an ideal Rule of the many (not the few) Democracy as an institutional arrangement One person, one vote Voting, periodically and via secret ballot, for representatives of a plurality of parties in a plurality of geographically-bounded constituencies to form a legislature for fixed terms governed by majority rule and limited by constitutional constraints
15 Overview 1. What is democracy? 2. Five questions 3. What, again? 4. Where? 5. Who? 6. Summing-up
16 Where should democracy apply? Conventional view v Within the boundaries of the territorial nation-state Problems a) Supra-territorial issues Ø Migration, trade, environment, etc. b) Sub-territorial issues Ø Family, workplace, etc. c) Non-territorial issues Ø Class, gender, race, religion, etc.
17 Five questions 1. What? Ø Ideals v. institutions 2. Where? Ø Supra-national e.g. regional, global Ø Sub-national e.g. workplace, family 4. Why? 5. How? 3. Who?
18 Overview 1. What is democracy? 2. Five questions 3. What, again? 4. Where? 5. Who? 6. Summing-up
19 Who? Strange as it may seem, how to decide who legitimately make up the people and hence are entitled to govern themselves is a problem almost totally neglected by all the great political philosophers who write about democracy. Dahl, After the Revolution, pp
20 Who should rule? Problem cases 1. Those that should not share in rule, but do Ø e.g. the incompetent; the immoral 2. Those that should share in rule, but don t Ø e.g. children, resident non-citizens
21 Who should rule? Solution? venfranchising all affected interests Ø everyone who is affected by the decisions of a government should have the right to participate in that government (Dahl, After the Revolution, p. 64) vproblems a) Modality actually or potentially affected? b) Extension non-residents, non-agents?
22 Five questions 1. What? Ø Ideals v. institutions 2. Where? Ø Supra-national e.g. regional, global Ø Sub-national e.g. workplace, family 4. Why? 5. How? 3. Who? Ø Those that should not share in rule, but do Ø Those that should share, but do not
23 Overview 1. What is democracy? 2. Five questions 3. What, again? 4. Where? 5. Who? 6. Summing-up
24 Summing-up What is democracy? Ø Ideals v. institutions Where? Ø Only the nation-state? Who? Ø All affected interests?
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