Conservatives believe if the government regulates the economy, the economy is less efficient. They believe that the free enterprise system is the way

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Deirdre Blankenship
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Conservatives believe if the government regulates the economy, the economy is less efficient. They believe that the free enterprise system is the way to organize society.

1 Conservatives believe if the government regulates the economy, the economy is less efficient. They believe that the free enterprise system is the way to organize society. They oppose high taxes and government programs that transfer wealth from the rich to the less wealthy. They believe that most social problems result from issues of morality and character, issues best solved through religious faith.

The rise of conservatism can be traced to

star, gained fame among Republicans as an

2 The rise of conservatism can be traced to Barry Goldwater s unsuccessful campaign for president in Ronald Reagan, a well-known movie and TV star, gained fame among Republicans as an effective political speaker in the 1964 Goldwater campaign.

3 Some Americans felt that liberal ideas were leading the United States toward communism. Because communism rejected religion, Americans with a deep religious faith saw communism as a struggle over values. Liberalism, which focused on economic welfare, lost the support of many religious Americans who turned to conservatism.

Liberals claim to want to give a hearing to other views, but then are shocked and offended to discover that there are other views. - William F. Buckley, Jr.

4 Liberals claim to want to give a hearing to other views, but then are shocked and offended to discover that there are other views. - William F. Buckley, Jr. The policies of presidents Nixon and Ford and the writings of the political commentator William F. Buckley Jr., and the economist Milton Friedman gave evidence in the 1970s of a steady shift to the right, away from the liberalism of the sixties.

5 By 1980, a loose coalition of economic and political conservatives, religious fundamentalists, and political action committees (PACs) had become a potent force for change.

6 During the 1950s and 1960s, conservative Americans split their votes between Republicans and Democrats. The South and the West were more conservative than other areas. Therefore, the party winning the heavily populated Northeast won the election. The Northeast supported liberal ideas.

They found their middle-class existence was in danger, because

7 During the 1960s and 1970s, Americans moved to the suburbs to escape the drug problems and increasing crime. They found their middle-class existence was in danger, because rapid inflation of the 1970s caused their buying power to decrease while taxes remained high.

8 In 1978, California voters led the revolt against high taxes by passing Proposition 13, a measure that sharply cut property taxes. Nationally, conservatives promoted economist Arthur Laffer s belief that tax cuts would promote economic growth. Two Republican members of Congress, Jack Kemp and William Roth, proposed legislation to reduce federal taxes by 30%, which became the basis for the Reagan tax cuts.

permissiveness, abortion, and drug use undermined family and

10 Big government, New Deal liberalism, gun control, feminism, gay rights, welfare, affirmative action, sexual permissiveness, abortion, and drug use undermined family and religious values as well as the American work ethic and national security.

Bakker had an affair with a former church secretary and paid her over $350,000 to remain silent.

11 Jim Bakker was later indicted on federal charges of mail and wire fraud and of conspiring to defraud the public. Bakker had an affair with a former church secretary and paid her over $350,000 to remain silent. Moral decay was a weekly theme of televangelists such as Pat Robertson, Oral Roberts, and Jim Bakker, who by 1980 had a combined weekly audience of between 60 and 100 million viewers.

1989 Hurricane Hugo caused severe damage to many of

12 Starting in 1987, however, Bakker's legal and personal troubles made headlines, and in September 1989 Hurricane Hugo caused severe damage to many of the buildings. Heritage USA closed shortly after the storm

Religion became an instrument of electoral politics, when the Moral Majority, founded by Virginia evangelist Jerry Falwell, financed campaigns to unseat liberal members of Congress.

13 Religion became an instrument of electoral politics, when the Moral Majority, founded by Virginia evangelist Jerry Falwell, financed campaigns to unseat liberal members of Congress. They viewed liberalism as a godless creed taking over public education and campaigned for a return to prayer in schools and teaching the Biblical account of creationism in public schools. 11 liberal Democratic senators that were targeted by the Moral Majority lost their seats by 1980, which gave the Republicans control of the Senate for the first time since 1954.

14 The Roe v. Wade decision on abortion sparked the right-to-life movement that joined Catholics and Protestants, who believed that human life began at the moment of conception.

Stagflation was growing worse & unemployment remained high.

15 America by 1980 By 1980, Americans were ready for new leadership: The disaster in Vietnam, hostage crisis in Iran, & new tensions with the USSR left many people feeling like the U.S. was losing its power in the world. Stagflation was growing worse & unemployment remained high. Johnson & Nixon made many people lose trust in gov t, while Ford & Carter provided poor leadership in the 1970s.

The Conservative Movement The 1980s saw the rise of a new conservative movement known as the New Right By 1980, government entitlement programs cost

16 The Conservative Movement The 1980s saw the rise of a new conservative movement known as the New Right By 1980, government entitlement programs cost $300 billion yearly Conservatives believed civil rights had goon too far & attacked affirmative action (reverse discrimination) & school busing plans

The Conservative Movement The 1980s saw the rise of a new conservative movement known as the New Right Devout Christians were disturbed by Evangelist Jerry the decline in morality Falwell formed the

17 The Conservative Movement The 1980s saw the rise of a new conservative movement known as the New Right Devout Christians were disturbed by Evangelist Jerry the decline in morality Falwell formed the of the 1970s (hippies, religious group, the sexual revolution, etc) Moral Majority, to promote New Right family promoted values school & to raise prayer money & tough for punishment conservative for crimes; Attacked politicians abortion, the ERA, & homosexuality

18 The Conservative Movement The 1980s saw the rise of a new conservative movement known as the New Right Conservatives wanted business growth, lower taxes, & free enterprise (freedom from gov t interference in the economy) The New Right hoped to restore the superpower status of the United States

advantage of Carter s failures with the economy & in foreign policy by

19 In 1980, conservative Republican Ronald Reagan ran for president Reagan ran on a platform of lower taxes, less gov t, & family values Reagan took advantage of Carter s failures with the economy & in foreign policy by asking Are you better off than you were four years ago? The Election of 1980

20 Reagan beat Carter in 1980 Reagan s election broke up a key element of the New Deal coalition by taking more than 50% of the blue collar vote.

cuts included reducing Medicaid as well as welfare & job training programs.

21 Deregulations of industries & the EPA led to increased competition, lower prices, & access to new timber & oil resources as well as environmental hazards Less Government Reagan believed that the national gov t had grown too large & needed to be downsized His budget cuts included reducing Medicaid as well as welfare & job training programs. Reagan believed in deregulation & helped stimulate businesses by reducing the power of gov t agencies, He appointed four conservatives to the Supreme Court and Sandra Day O Conner, the first female justice.

Led by conservative Chief Justice William Rehnquist, the Court scaled back on

22 Reagan also appointed conservatives Antonin Scalia and Anthony Kennedy to the Supreme Court. Led by conservative Chief Justice William Rehnquist, the Court scaled back on affirmative action and limited Roe v. Wade by allowing more restrictions. For example, minors had to notify their parents before having an abortion.

23 Reaganomics When In 1980, Reagan interest entered rates office, were the at biggest 20% & crisis facing the America value of was the dollar stagflation dropped in the to economy 36

24 He In believed 1981, Reagan that Reaganomics the urged economy Congress was to suffering pass a 25% in the tax Reagan 1970s cut over because believed 3 years gov t in to a taxes theory stimulate were called spending, too high & people increase did supply-side not production, have enough economics & lower money prices to spend The Laffer Curve Supply-side economics contrasted with Keynesian economics, which relied on government spending during economic downturns to boost consumer income and demand.

25 Reaganomics By 1983, Reaganomics worked, stagflation ended, Inflation, Unemployment, & the economy & Interest boomed Rates Republicans cut more than $40 million from domestic programs such as food stamps, student loans, and mass transportation. The U.S. gained 16 million new jobs, unemployment fell below 6%, & inflation declined to 4%

26 People were drawn to Reagan s personality. He was known as The Great Communicator as a president. However, his personality got him into trouble at times.

order to restore America s place in the world B-1 Bomber

27 Defense Spending In addition to downsizing the gov t & creating tax cuts, Reagan increased defense spending in order to restore America s place in the world B-1 Bomber MX Missile System The Navy was expanded from 450 to 600 ships.

But, because military spending increased but tax revenue decreased, the gov t experienced massive deficits due to Reaganomics Government Deficits Per Year, 1980-1997 The Reagan

28 But, because military spending increased but tax revenue decreased, the gov t experienced massive deficits due to Reaganomics Government Deficits Per Year, The Reagan Years ( ) With yearly deficits running between $200 and $300 billion, it no longer seemed reasonable for either Democrats or Republicans to propose new social programs.

31 Family Values & Social Concerns Reagan s commitment to conservative values & cuts to social programs contributed to growing problems in the 1980s: Crack cocaine was 1 st introduced in the 1980s The crack epidemic led Reagan to begin a War on Drugs & the Just Say No campaign

32 Family Values & Social Concerns Reagan s commitment to conservative values & cuts to social programs contributed to growing problems in the 1980s: America saw increases in school dropout rates, homelessness, attacks on affirmative action, & urban & minority poverty 1983 exposé on American education

HIV/AIDS Statistics, 1981-2007 The 1 st AIDS

34 HIV/AIDS Statistics, The 1 st AIDS cases were among gay men in San Francisco & NY in 1981

did not move swiftly because the disease was among gay men Ryan White contracted AIDS through a blood

35 Family Values & Social Concerns Reagan s commitment to conservative values & cuts to social programs contributed to growing problems in the 1980s: The 1 st documented cases of AIDS were reported, but the Reagan administration did not move swiftly because the disease was among gay men Ryan White contracted AIDS through a blood transfusion. His story changed the mindset of many Americans about AIDS that homosexuality wasn t the only cause of AIDS.

36 Magic Johnson s announcement that he had contracted the HIV virus proved to many that there were many ways to contract AIDS. Tim Richmond, a young and up and coming driver in NASCAR, also contracted AIDS.

37 The personal computer was an idea pioneered by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak at Apple Computers, in which computers were produced for personal use by a single person.

On April 12, 1981, Space Shuttle Columbia, or STS-1, soared into orbit from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

38 It completed 27 missions before disintegrating during re-entry near the end of its 28th mission, STS-107 on February 1, 2003, resulting in the deaths of all seven crew members. On April 12, 1981, Space Shuttle Columbia, or STS-1, soared into orbit from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The shuttle was humankind's first re-usable spacecraft. The orbiter would launch like a rocket and land like a plane. The two solid rocket boosters that helped push them into space would also be re-used, after being recovered in the ocean.

40 The Election of 1984 Despite the social problems, Reagan was popular among voters by the election of 1984 Walter Mondale & VP Geraldine Ferraro Ronald Reagan & VP George Bush

41 Reagan s victory in 1984 was powered by a conservative coalition of voters, including many Reagan Democrats (voted for Reagan for president but Democrats for other offices)

NASA Teacher in Space Project and was scheduled to become the first teacher in

42 Christa McAuliffe was a social studies teacher from New Hampshire. In 1985, she was selected from more than 11,000 applicants to participate in the NASA Teacher in Space Project and was scheduled to become the first teacher in space. She was planning to conduct experiments and teach two lessons from Space Shuttle Challenger.

On January 28, 1986, the American shuttle orbiter Challenger broke up 73 seconds after liftoff, bringing a devastating end to the spacecraft s 10th mission.

43 On January 28, 1986, the American shuttle orbiter Challenger broke up 73 seconds after liftoff, bringing a devastating end to the spacecraft s 10th mission. The disaster claimed the lives of all seven astronauts aboard, including Christa McAuliffe. It was later determined that two rubber O-rings, which had been designed to separate the sections of the rocket booster, had failed due to cold temperatures on the morning of the launch.

prestige & influence to fall Increased military spending Confronted

44 Reagan & Foreign Policy Reagan wanted to restore U.S. foreign policy Blamed Carter for allowing America s international prestige & influence to fall Increased military spending Confronted challenges in the Middle East & in Latin America And win the Cold War with the Soviet Union

The President defends America's Judeo-Christian traditions against the Soviet Union's

45 In this address to the National Association of Evangelicals in Orlando, Florida, President Reagan presents his view of the Soviet Union. The President defends America's Judeo-Christian traditions against the Soviet Union's totalitarian leadership and lack of religious faith, expressing his belief that these differences are at the heart of the fight between the two nations.

response was to not negotiate with terrorists But, anti-american

46 Reagan Reagan & Foreign intervened Policy in Lebanon when violence broke out between Israelis & Arabs in 1982 Meanwhile Reagan s response was to not negotiate with terrorists But, anti-american hostility led a terrorist group to seize 6 U.S hostages in Iran in 1983

to help Nicaraguan counter-revolutionaries (Contras) Reagan take

47 Reagan & Foreign Policy In 1979, a communist group called the Sandinistas came to power in Nicaragua Congress denied Reagan s plea to help Nicaraguan counter-revolutionaries (Contras) Reagan take back committed power to fighting communism & maintaining order in Latin America

48 Six hostages in Iran The gov t then gave money from the profits of the arms sales to Iran The The to Reagan gov t anti-communist illegally administration sold Iran developed weapons a in plan the to solve Contras Iran-Iraq both in War Nicaragua the problem in exchange in Iran for & the in release Nicaragua of the 6 hostages (arms for hostages deal) Contras in Nicaragua

running the operation behind the president s back Reagan escaped from the scandal ( Teflon president )

50 The Iran-Contra Affair In 1987, these illegal activities were discovered & the Iran-Contra Affair rocked the Reagan administration Reagan said he had no knowledge of the scandal & Oliver North admitted to running the operation behind the president s back Reagan escaped from the scandal ( Teflon president ) Congress had banned any further aid to the Contras, but Reagan and North went behind Congress back to fund the Contras.

Israel invaded Lebanon in 1982 in order to keep the Palestinian

Reagan sent in U.S. peacekeeping forces into Lebanon.

forces out of Lebanon with little to show.

51 Israel invaded Lebanon in 1982 in order to keep the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) from continuing to raid Israel. Reagan sent in U.S. peacekeeping forces into Lebanon. In 1983, suicide bombers bombed the U.S. embassy and killed 63 Americans. Later, terrorists killed 241 servicemen. In 1984, Reagan pulled U.S. forces out of Lebanon with little to show. A homeland was set up for the Palestinians in the West Bank territories of Israel. Under pressure, PLO leader Yasser Arafat agreed to recognize Israel s right to exist in 1988.

A pro-cuban government was established on the small Caribbean island of Grenada. In 1983, Reagan initiated Operation Urgent Fury by sending in a small group of Marines to invade the island.

52 A pro-cuban government was established on the small Caribbean island of Grenada. In 1983, Reagan initiated Operation Urgent Fury by sending in a small group of Marines to invade the island. The invasion was a quick success and prevented Grenada from becoming a Communist base in the Americas. Reagan also spent nearly $5 billion to support the government of El Salvador against leftist guerillas. Americans protested the killing of more than 40,000 civilians by right wing death squads with connections to the El Salvador army.

54 Winning the Cold War Reagan took a strong stand against communism & the Soviet Union and called them the Evil Empire. Reagan viewed the USSR as the "focus of evil in the modern world & as a threat to U.S. security He His used most zero ambitious option plan & sent was 572 a massive nuclear defensive missiles within system range of satellites of Moscow called to match the USSR Strategic ICBMs Defense aimed at NATO Initiative nations ( Star Wars program)

55 SDI would have cost the U.S. gov t trillions of dollars at a time when Reaganomics involved slashing budgets for social programs

56 Winning the Cold War The USSR s economy began to struggle keeping up with Reagan s military buildup. Many wanted to end the arms race. In 1985 Mikhail Gorbachev took charge of the USSR & began creating moderate reforms to save Reagan was Russia able to work with & Gorbachev competitive to elections reduce Cold War tensions Perestroika: Introducing moderate capitalism Glasnost: & Freedom allowing of some speech business & property ownership

57 In 1987, Reagan challenged the Soviet Union to follow through with his reforms of glasnost and perestroika.

58 Gorbachev did implement the policies of glasnost and perestroika. Watch what happens when McDonalds (western business) opened up in the USSR for the first time.

59 In 1987, Reagan & Gorbachev signed the INF Treaty eliminating ICBMs in Europe

60 In 1988, Gorbachev further reduced Cold War tensions as he removed Soviet troops from Afghanistan.

Winning the Cold War By the late 1980s, communism was

Soviet Union broke off & formed new democratic nations;

East Germans In denounced 1989 & 1990, communism Eastern

61 Winning the Cold War By the late 1980s, communism was failing across Eastern Europe In 1990, states within the Soviet Union broke off & formed new democratic nations; In 1991, the USSR dissolved & the Cold War ended In 1989, East Germans In denounced 1989 & 1990, communism Eastern European & the nations Berlin embraced Wall came democracy down

62 In 1989, Gorbachev announced that the Soviet Union would no longer support the various Communist governments of Eastern Europe with troops. Poland was the first nation to turn to a new government.

63 The Communists in East Germany were forced out of power after protestors tore down the Berlin Wall. In October 1990, the two Germanys were reunited with the blessing of both NATO and the Soviet Union.

The desire for selfdetermination overwhelmed Gorbachev as Estonia, Latvia, and

After a failed coup of Gorbachev by hard-liner Communists, the remaining republics

Boris Yeltsin, president of the Russian Republic, joined with nine former Soviet Union

64 The desire for selfdetermination overwhelmed Gorbachev as Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania also declared their independence. After a failed coup of Gorbachev by hard-liner Communists, the remaining republics dissolved the Soviet Union in Boris Yeltsin, president of the Russian Republic, joined with nine former Soviet Union republics to form a loose confederation called the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Yeltsin disbanded the Communist party and tried to establish a democracy and free market economy.

65 George Bush VP George Bush won the presidential election of 1988 by promising to maintain Reagan s conservative policies

Bush and Gorbachev signed the START I agreement reducing the number of nuclear warheads to under 10,000

66 The desire to dismantle nuclear weapons was the most glaring sign that the Cold War was almost over. In 1991, George H.W. Bush and Gorbachev signed the START I agreement reducing the number of nuclear warheads to under 10,000 for each side. Bush and Yeltsin signed the START II treaty later, which reduced nuclear weapons to just over 3,000 for each side. The U.S. also offered economic aid to the troubled Russian economy.

Tank Man (also Unknown Protester or Unknown Rebel) is the nickname of an unidentified man who stood in front of a column of tanks on June 5, 1989, the morning after the

In 1989, pro-democracy students demonstrated for freedom in Beijing's Tiananmen Square. TV cameras broadcasted the movement.

67 Tank Man (also Unknown Protester or Unknown Rebel) is the nickname of an unidentified man who stood in front of a column of tanks on June 5, 1989, the morning after the Chinese military had suppressed the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 by force. The World Bank suspended its loans to China after Tiananmen. The U.S. also reduced its diplomatic ties and halted arms sales to China. In 1989, pro-democracy students demonstrated for freedom in Beijing's Tiananmen Square. TV cameras broadcasted the movement. Under the cover of night, the Chinese government crushed the protest with tanks, killing hundreds and ending the brief flowering of an open political environment in China.

68 In December 1989, U.S. troops were used for a different purpose other than containing communism. George H.W. Bush ordered Operation Just Cause, or the invasion of Panama, to remove the autocratic Gen. Manuel Noriega to stop using his country as a drug pipeline to the U.S. American troops remained in Panama until elections established a more credible and friendly government.

Iraq was known to have used chemical weapons on its own people. The attack on Halabja on March,16 1988 was the most notorious act of chemical warfare in modern times.

Iraqi government forces attacked the town near the Iranian border after it was taken over by Kurdish rebels towards the end of the Iran-Iraq war.

70 Iraq was known to have used chemical weapons on its own people. The attack on Halabja on March, was the most notorious act of chemical warfare in modern times. An estimated 5,000 people, mostly women and children, were killed when Iraqi jets dropped poison gas on the town. Iraqi government forces attacked the town near the Iranian border after it was taken over by Kurdish rebels towards the end of the Iran-Iraq war. Estimates as to the number of Iraqis killed by Saddam's regime vary from roughly a quarter to half a million, including 50,000 to 182,000 Kurds and 25,000 to 280,000 killed during the repression of the 1991 rebellion. Estimates for the number of dead in the Iran-Iraq war range upwards from 300,000.

71 Bush s hopes for a new world order of peace were challenged when Iraq s dictator, Saddam Hussein, invaded oil-rich (and weak) Kuwait. Bush lobbied the U.N. to pressure Hussein to leave Kuwait, but he did not meet the U.N. s deadline to leave Kuwait. Bush then won Congressional approval for a military campaign to roll back Iraq s aggression.

Approximately 383 U.S. troops died in Desert Storm. Over 100,000 Iraqi troops died.

Nevertheless, Bush s approval rating soared to nearly 90%.

joined by military units from 28 other nations.

72 Approximately 383 U.S. troops died in Desert Storm. Over 100,000 Iraqi troops died. Many Americans were disappointed that Saddam Hussein wasn t driven from power in Iraq. Nevertheless, Bush s approval rating soared to nearly 90%. In January 1991, Operation Desert Storm, more than 400,000 Americans were deployed and joined by military units from 28 other nations. About 670,000 coalition troops were sent to Iraq. After five weeks of airstrikes, a successful invasion of Iraq, and only 100 hours of fighting on the ground, Iraq conceded defeat.

74 Conclusions Reagan s conservative policies & strong foreign policy changed America: Reagan ended stagflation, restored the military, renewed family values, & won the Cold War But, Reagan s policies reduced assistance programs, ignored social problems, & tripled the national debt

Essen%al Ques%on: What impact did the presidency of Ronald Reagan have on America?

Essen%al Ques%on: What impact did the presidency of Ronald Reagan have on America? America by 1980 By 1980, Americans were ready for new leadership: The disaster in Vietnam, hostage crisis in Iran, & new