American History 2 - Unit 7 Test

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American History 2 - Unit 7 Test Select the letter of the term, name, or phrase that best matches each description. Note: Some letters may not be used at all. Some may be used more than once.

1 American History 2 - Unit 7 Test Select the letter of the term, name, or phrase that best matches each description. Note: Some letters may not be used at all. Some may be used more than once. (Questions 1-4) a. OPEC c. stagflation b. détente d. SALT I Treaty 1. This term refers to the dual problems of rising unemployment and inflation encountered during the Nixon years. 2. This five-year agreement limited the number of intercontinental ballistic missiles and submarine-launched missiles to 1972 levels. 3. This organization of oil producers cut off oil sales to the United States after the United States sent aid to Israel during the Yom Kippur War. 4. This term refers specifically to the foreign relations policy adopted by the United States during the Nixon administration to ease Cold War tensions. 5. Use the political cartoon below to answer question 5 According to this cartoon, Richard Nixon s detente improved the relationship between the United States and a. North Korea c. Soviet Union b. Vietnam d. China

Use the quotation below to answer question 6 Unlike some anticommunists I have always believed that we can and must communicate and, when possible, negotiate with Communist nations There were,

2 Use the quotation below to answer question 6 Unlike some anticommunists I have always believed that we can and must communicate and, when possible, negotiate with Communist nations There were, however, a few things in our favor. That most important and interesting was the Soviet split with China It was often said that the key to a Vietnam settlement lay in Moscow and Beijing rather than Hanoi Aside from wanting to keep Hanoi from going over to Beijing, Moscow had little stake in the outcome of the North Vietnamese cause, especially as it increasingly worked against Moscow s own major interests vis-à-vis the United States. While I understood that the Soviets were not entirely free agents where their support for North Vietnam was concerned, I nonetheless planned to bring maximum pressure to bear on them in this area. -Richard Nixon, Memoirs of Richard Nixon, Richard Nixon was able to reduce Cold War tensions with the Soviet Union and China, a policy known as a. Containment b. Domino Theory c. Détente d. Expansionism 7. Use the following cartoon to answer the next 2 questions: In 1973, the OPEC nations cut off their supply of to the United States. a. grain b. oil c. money d. consumer goods 8. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries announced that its members would embargo, or stop shipping, petroleum to countries that supported a. Iraq. b. Egypt. c. Iran. d. Israel.

3 9. Nixon's visit to in 1972 to begin normalizing relations was a reversal of previous American policy established in a. Panama b. China c. East Germany d. Vietnam 10. Burglars broke into the Watergate complex intending to a. tap the phone of Nixon s Democratic opponent who lived there. b. take campaign funds the Democrats stored in their headquarters. c. destroy documents that implicated Nixon in illegal activities. d. steal campaign information from the Democratic Party headquarters. 11. Evidence on Watergate seems to show that Nixon a. was never directly involved in it. b. ordered the break-in. c. ordered the cover-up. d. ordered the break-in and the cover-up. 12. What was the scandal called that originated from the Nixon administration s attempts to cover up its involvement in the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters? a. Southern strategy b. Revenue Sharing c. Watergate d. Woodward-Bernstein 13. When Nixon resigned, became president. a. Spiro Agnew b. Ronald Reagan c. Gerald Ford d. Jimmy Carter 14. What has been the most lasting effect of Watergate? a. Democratic control of the White House b. Democratic control of Congress c. an economic downturn d. public cynicism about government

15. Use the political cartoon below to answer question 15 President Ford s approval rating plunged when he a. froze wages. b. rationed gasoline. c. pardoned Richard Nixon. d. sent marines to Cambodia.

4 15. Use the political cartoon below to answer question 15 President Ford s approval rating plunged when he a. froze wages. b. rationed gasoline. c. pardoned Richard Nixon. d. sent marines to Cambodia. 16. The Camp David Accords were an agreement between and Israel. a. Egypt b. China c. Syria d. Iran Use the quotation below to answer questions Our people are losing faith, not only in government itself but in their ability as citizens to serve as the ultimate rulers and shapers of our democracy. We were sure that ours was a nation of the ballot, not the bullet, until the murders of John Kennedy and Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr. We were taught our armies were always invincible and our causes always just, only to suffer the agony of Vietnam. We respected the Presidency as a place of honor until the shock of Watergate. We remember when the phrase sound as a dollar was an expression of absolute dependability, until ten years of inflation began to shrink our dollar and our savings. We believed that our Nation s resources were limitless until 1973, when we face a growing dependence on foreign oil. - Jimmy Carter, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Which of the following would most strongly support Carter s contention in his phrase we were taught that our armies were always invincible? a. The secret expansion of the Vietnam War into China by Nixon b. The killing of protesters at Kent State and Jackson State Universities c. The decision by newspapers to publish the Pentagon Papers d. The defeat of South Vietnam by North Vietnam in 1975 _ 18. Which of the following best identifies the effect of the speech from which the above excerpt is taken? a. Consumers increased their efforts to conserve energy b. Americans blamed Carter for weak and ineffective leadership c. Carter increased his approval ratings with his honesty d. The Federal Reserve raised interest rates to support the President

5 19. Which of the following contributed most to Jimmy Carter's defeat in 1980? a. his support of the National Energy Act b. the Camp David Accords c. the Iranian hostage situation d. his agreement to give up the Panama Canal 20. A new sound of the 1980s had rhythmic lyrics frequently focusing on the African American experience in the inner city and was called a. rap. b. rock n roll. c. punk rock. d. alternative. 21. Before Ronald Reagan became governor of California, he was a. a lawyer. b. a shoe salesman. c. an actor. d. a televangelist. 22. The Strategic Defense Initiative was an extremely costly a. bomber. b. missile defense system. c. communications system. d. plan for international alliance. 23. A scandal emerged when individuals in President Reagan s administration secretly sold weapons to Iran in exchange for the release of American hostages being held in the Middle East, and then sent the profits from these sales to the a. Sandinistas in Nicaragua. b. contras in Nicaragua. c. mujahadeen in Afghanistan. d. Marxists in Grenada. 24. The worst disaster in NASA s history was the explosion and deaths of the crew on the space shuttle a. Challenger. b. Mir. c. Columbia. d. Skylab.

6 25. Use the image below to answer question 28 Nancy Reagan s Just Say No slogan was a war on a. poverty c. drugs b. guns d. illegal immigrants Select the letter of the term, name, or phrase that best matches each description. Note: Some letters may not be used at all. Some may be used more than once. (Questions 26-30) a. China d. Iran b. Panama e. Iraq c. Soviet Union 26. This nation's leader was overthrown by U.S. troops and tried for drug trafficking. 27. In the early 1990s, this nation dissolved after 74 years as a major world power. 28. This nation's leaders ordered a brutal crackdown on demonstrators gathered in Tiananmen Square. 29. This nation invaded a neighboring country and claimed major oil fields, provoking the United States to declare war. 30. The Reagan administration secretly sold military weapons to this nation in the hope of obtaining the release of U.S. hostages. 31. Reagan s Strategic Defense Initiative called for the a. deployment of nuclear weapons in Western Europe. b. development of weapons that could destroy incoming missiles. c. deployment of nuclear missiles in space, targeted at the Soviet Union. d. development of missiles that could reach the Soviet Union from silos in the U.S. 32. In May 1989, Chinese students and workers held demonstrations for a. higher wages. b. halting war. c. democracy. d. a capitalist economy. 33. The United Nations went to war in the Persian Gulf because a. Saudi Arabia invaded Kuwait. b. Kuwait invaded Iraq. c. Iraq invaded Kuwait. d. Iraq invaded Saudi Arabia.

7 Use the Quotation below to answer questions While the world waited, Saddam Hussein met every overture of peace with open contempt. While the world prayed for peace, Saddam prepared for war Tonight, 28 nations countries from 5 continents, Europe and Asia, Africa and the Arab League have forces in the Gulf area standing shoulder to shoulder against Saddam Hussein This is an historic moment. We have in the past year made great progress in ending the long era of conflict and cold war. We have before us the opportunity to forge for ourselves and for future generations a new world order a world where the rule of law, not the law of the jungle, governs the conduct of nations We have a real chance at this new world order, an order in which a credible United Nations can use its peacekeeping role to fulfill the promise and vision of the U.N. s founders. - President George H.W. Bush, Address to the Nation, January 16, Which of the following best explains the purpose of this speech? a. Aid Iran and Saudi Arabia in their conflict with Iraq b. Force the Iraqi military forces out of Kuwait c. Promote democracy in the Middle East d. Remove weapons of mass destruction from Hussein s Iraq 35. What evidence would back up Bush s claim that We have in the past year made great progress in ending the long era of conflict and cold war? a. Vietnam falling to communism in 1975 b. The invasion of Panama in 1989 c. The protest in Tiananmen Square China d. The fall of the Berlin Wall 36. A goal of Clinton's that he failed to achieve during his first term. a. welfare reform b. deficit reduction c. universal health care d. balanced budget amendment 37. The source of a revolution in technology in the 1990s was the a. desktop computer. b. Internet. c. V-chip. d. Federal Communications Commission. 38. Bill Clinton became the second president in U.S. history to be a. elected without a popular majority. b. impeached by the House. c. reelected to a third term. d. denounced by the Republican Party.

39. To win the presidency, candidates have to win a majority of state electoral votes, not the overall a. chad count. b. African American vote. c. popular vote. d. Sunbelt vote. 40.

8 39. To win the presidency, candidates have to win a majority of state electoral votes, not the overall a. chad count. b. African American vote. c. popular vote. d. Sunbelt vote. 40. Use the cartoon to answer the next 2 questions: What happened in the 2000 election that has only happened four times in US history? a. One candidate received all the electoral c. The winner of the popular vote did not votes win the electoral vote b. There was a tie in the electoral college d. The winner was not from either the Republican or Democratic party 41. The presidential election came down to the vote in which state? a. Florida b. Texas c. Georgia d. Tennessee 42. Terrorists carried out their attacks on September 11, 2001, by a. using truck bombs. b. hijacking airplanes. c. planting bombs on airplanes. d. attaching bombs to their targets. 43. The al-qaeda group is a a. Palestinian group fighting Israel for a homeland. b. Muslim terrorist group behind the attack of September 11, c. Serb group trying to drive Muslims from Bosnia. d. Bosnian Muslim group trying to win independence from Serbia. 44. The new federal agency created in response to the terrorist attacks is the a. CIA. b. Office of Terrorist Activity. c. Office of Homeland Security. d. Terrorism Defense Agency.

45. This political cartoon takes a critical view of what law passed after September 11, 2001? a. The Department of Homeland Security b. The Freedom Act c. The Patriot Act d. The Anti-Terrorism Act 46.

9 45. This political cartoon takes a critical view of what law passed after September 11, 2001? a. The Department of Homeland Security b. The Freedom Act c. The Patriot Act d. The Anti-Terrorism Act 46. We choose to go to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win, and the others, too. -President John F. Kennedy, September 12, 1962 Why did President Kennedy decide to focus U.S. resources on going to the moon? a. The United States wanted to gain the British as allies by proving it could defeat the Soviets in space exploration. b. The United States wanted to seize the opportunity to land on the moon because the Soviet Union was in decline. c. The United States wanted to win the race to the moon in the aftermath of the Soviet success with the Sputnik satellite. d. The United States wanted to colonize the moon in order to establish missile defense bases against the Soviets _ 47. In 1920, after decades of activism for women s suffrage, women gained the right to vote with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. To what extent did this event affect the future of women s rights in the United States? a. No impact the movement for full women s rights concluded with the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. b. Minimally most women quit pursuing full rights since they were content with the vote. c. Moderately a minority of activists continued working for full rights after ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. d. Greatly women have since pursued full rights in the workplace, home, and community.

10 Even the poorest can be made to see this, and to agree that great sums gathered by some of their fellow-citizens and spent for public purposes, from which the masses reap the principal benefit, are more valuable to them than if scattered among them through the course of many years in trifling amounts. - The Gospel of Wealth by Andrew Carnegie, Which principle summarizes Carnegie s philosophy as expressed in the excerpt? a. Investment income should be used to support charities. b. Wealth should be reinvested into expansive public works. c. Venture capital should be provided to entrepreneurs. d. Business profits should be taxed at higher rates. 49. How did World War II affect the workforce in the United States? a. Prisoners were released early to support the war industries. b. Unemployment rates rose to unprecedented levels in U.S. history. c. Workers wages and salaries were reduced to help fund essentials for the military. d. Women filled vacancies in the workforce created by the transition of men to military service. 50. How did the outbreak of war in Europe in the late 1930s affect politics within the United States? a. It decreased arms production. b. It increased military recruitment. c. It increased support for isolationist policies. d. It decreased international trade with European countries.

Domestic Crises

Domestic Crises 1968-1980 In 1968 conservative Richard Nixon became President. One of Nixon s greatest accomplishments was his 1972 visit to communist China. Visit opened China to American markets and