Gerald R. Ford ( )
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1 Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973-present) Gerald R. Ford ( ) Fords Domestic Agenda Ford Pardons Nixon Stagflation Whip inflation Now WIN Called citizens to cut back consumption of oil & gas» No effect» Economy went into the worst recession in 40 years Foreign Policy Carried out Nixon s Foreign agenda Helsinki Accords USSR and US signed agreements that pledged to cooperate with one another economically, respect national boundaries, and promote human rights
2 Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973-present) James E. Carter ( ) Carter s Domestic Agenda Amnesty for draft dodgers Energy Crisis Rising gas prices, automakers suffering, Chrysler needed a bail out Carter urged Americans to curve consumption of foreign oil National Energy Act Dept. of Energy» Placed a tax on gas-guzzling cars, removed price controls on oil and natural gas produced in the US, and extended tax credits for the development of alternative energy
3 Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973-present) Affirmative Action Regents of the University of California v. Bakke The Supreme Court decided that the affirmative action policies of the university s medical school were unconstitutional The decision made it more difficult for organizations to establish effective affirmative action programs Foreign Policy Frosty relations with USSR USSR invaded Afghanistan US imposes sanctions wakesocialstudies.com
4 Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973-present) Triumph and Crisis in the Middle East Camp David Accords Egyptian president Anwar el-sadat and Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin accomplished peace Israel agreed to withdraw from the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt in turn, formally recognized Israel s right to exist Iran Hostage Crisis Shah of Iran s regime was being overthrown by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini Revolutionist upset took 55 US embassy hostages and they were not released until Reagan was sworn in
5 Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973-present) Ronald W. Reagan ( ) The Conservative Tide Liberals vs. Conservatives Moral Majority Jerry Falwell: televangalist and Traditional Values New Right Coalition Alliance of business leaders, middle-class voters, disaffected Democrats, and fundamentalist Christian groups
6 Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973-present) Ronald Reagan s 1 st priority would be the economy Reaganomics sweeping package of new economic policies (1) budget cuts, (2) tax cuts, and (3) increased defense spending Reduce the size of the Federal govt. Deregulation of Industry Airline, telecommunication, and banking
7 Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973-present) Supply-side economics (Trickledown) Theory that: Fewer taxes -save people money People borrow less Banks could then loan more money to businesses Businesses could invest more money in resources to improve productivity The supply of goods then would increase, driving down prices Congress lowered income taxes by 25 % over 3 yrs
8 Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973-present) Increased Defense spending In 1983, Reagan asked the country s scientists to develop a defense system that would keep Americans safe from enemy missiles Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) Star Wars The DOD estimated trillions of $ s Huge National Debt $2.5 Trillion Today $11 Trillion wakesocialstudies.com
9 Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973-present) Judicial Power Shifts Right Sandra Day O Conner 1st female on Supreme Court William Rehnquist Chief Justice Clarence Thomas Texas vs. Johnson Swann v. Charlotte-Meck Schools (1971) Title IX 1984 Pres. Election Walter Mondale won the Democratic Party s nomination and chose Representative Geraldine Ferraro as running mate Ferraro became the first woman on a major party s presidential ticket
10 Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973-present) End of the Cold War Reagan aids anticommunist Aided Mujahadeen in Afghanistan Nicaragua was controlled by the Sandinistas US supported the anticommunist group know as the Contras Congress cut aid to the Contras b/c it violated neutrality laws» Members of Reagan s administration sold weapons to Iran with the promise they would pressure Lebanon to release hostages» Then the members of Reagan s administration used that money to fund the Contras (Iran-Contra affair)
11 Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973-present) Mikhail Gorbachev President of The USSR Ushered in new era for Soviets, a broken economy, and war torn Afghanistan Glasnost: a new openness Fall of the Berlin Wall The Russian Federation Cold War comes to an end» Why: Military build up and Perestroika reforming the soviet system: moving away from socialism Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty INF Treaty» Open for inspections, reduce military spending wakesocialstudies.com
12 Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973-present) George H. W. Bush ( ) In 1988, a majority of Americans were economically comfortable, and they attributed their comfort to Reagan and Bush War on Drugs Manuel Noriega Leader of Panama and brought to the US on Drug Charges wakesocialstudies.com
13 Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973- present) Communism continues in China Chinese citizens began protesting for civil rights April 1989 University students in China held marches that quickly grew into large demonstrations in Beijing s Tiananmen Square and on the streets of other cities Change in S. Africa Apartheid: oppressive system of rigid segregation Nelson Mandela Released from prison and later elected as leader in the first free elections wakesocialstudies.com
14 Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973- present) Peacekeeping and Police Actions Somalia USMC landed to establish cease fire between war lords Deliver food and aid to the starving
15 wakesocialstudies.com
16 Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973- present) Persian Gulf War Because of a war debt Saddam Hussein's Iraq invaded the oil rich Kuwait Operation Desert Storm to January 16, 1991 Operation to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi control On February 23, they launched a successful ground offensive from Saudi Arabia On February 28, 1991, Bush announced a cease-fire Kuwait was liberated
17 Persian Gulf War
18 Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973- present) William Jefferson Clinton ( ) 1992 election Clinton: Democrat H. Bush: Republican Ross Perot: Independent candidate, very successful campaign Bush lost popularity because of deficit spending and Clinton appealed towards the middle supporters
19 Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973- present) New Democrat Move away from traditional Democratic policies Emphasizing the need to move people off welfare Growth in private business as a means to economic progress Centrist, strong national defense, and closer ties to companies
20 Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973- present) Domestic Agenda Family Medical Leave Act 12 unpaid workweeks of leave, raised minimum wage, and expanded tax credits Crime & Terrorism Brady-Bill Assault rifle ban, more money for police Columbine Killed 12 students and a teacher Columbine Killed 12 students and a teacher In 1993, terrorists had exploded bombs in the World Trade Center in New York City 1995 Oklahoma City Bombing, killing 168 Timothy McVeigh, an American veteran of the Gulf War wakesocialstudies.com
21 Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973- present) Politics and Impeachment Republicans take control of Congress Newt Gingrich become Speaker of House Investigation of Clinton Whitewater Investigation into investments maid by the Clintons Monica Lewinsky Clinton lied under oath about having an affair with Lewinsky Impeachment
22 Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973- present) More of a service economy Down sizing of workers Manpower Inc. In 1998, over one-fourth of the nation s work force worked in temporary or part-time positions High Tech Industries Bill Gates & Microsoft In 2000 he was the wealthiest individual in the world, with assets estimated at about $60 billion NASDAQ rose with the internet and dotcoms
23 Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973- present) New Foreign Policy Challenges Permanent trade with China Troops abroad American troops in Haiti Troops in Serbian in 1999, forcing the Serbs to stop ethnic cleansing Global Trade (NAFTA) North American Free Trade Agreement
24 Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973- present) George W. Bush ( ) 2000 Election Republicans: George Bush Jr. and Dick Cheney Democrats: Al Gore and Joe Lieberman Contested election Gore v. Bush wakesocialstudies.com
25 Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973- present) Domestic Agenda Using Clinton s budget surplus to cut taxes No Child Left Behind Holding school accountable September 11, 2001 Invading Afghanistan Taliban Government Al Qaeda Network» Osama Bin Laden wakesocialstudies.com
26 Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973- present) Improving National Security Patriot Act Give law enforcement broader powers Department of Homeland Security Weapons of Mass Destruction Axis of Evil Colin Powell War in Iraq wakesocialstudies.com
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