1970s. President Richard Nixon Elected 1968 & President Gerald Ford Never elected, he took the place of Nixon when Nixon resigned

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1 1970s President Richard Nixon Elected 1968 & 1972 President Gerald Ford Never elected, he took the place of Nixon when Nixon resigned President Jimmy Carter elected in 1976 and defeated during re-election by Ronald Reagan in 1980

Family Assistance plan: Nixon s plan for welfare.

2 Richard M. Nixon His plans were to undo the policies of LBJ New Federalism: A plan to give revenue (Federal Money) to state and local governments with the intent that they can use it as they choose Family Assistance plan: Nixon s plan for welfare. It was attacked for not doing enough Southern Stategy: To block the implementation of Brown v Board so he could get white support for his other goals

Stagflation When high unemployment and inflation

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

3 Stagflation When high unemployment and inflation both rise at the same time! Causes: The cost of Vietnam war funding, Great Society Programs, Dependency on foreign oil OPEC: The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (They cut off supply to the US due to our support of Israel.) An Oil Embargo

4 Nixon s Foreign Policy Henry Kissinger was Nixon s top foreign aide and FP architect Realpolitik: A foreign policy of strength. Ignoring weaker nations Detente: Easing the tensions of the COLD WAR. China: Restarting relations for first time since Nixon visited in Russia: 1st president to visit USSR. Signed SALT 1 TREATY limiting the # of nuclear missiles for 5 years.

5 Nixon Watergate Nixon s staff attempted to burglarize and wiretap the DNC (Democratic Party Headquarter) at the Watergate complex in Washington D.C. CRP - The Committee to Reelect the President: led by former Nixon staff members. All were paid to keep quite after they were caught. Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein uncovered the story Nixon had taped all conversations with staff members Vice President Spriro Agnew resigned after taking bribes, Gerald Ford, House minority leader, was appointed as Vice-President. Nixon resigned hours before a vote of impeachment took place saying, I am not a crook.

6 Watergate in Pictures

7 Gerald R. Ford Our Long Nightmare Is Now Over Pres. Ford granted Pres. Nixon a full PARDON. I m a Ford, not a Lincoln. - while VP WIN: Whip Inflation Now The Helsinki Accords: Ford got 35 nations to agree to better relations between EAST and WEST.

Jimmy Carter As to the 1976 election said one

A Domestic Policy Look To combat the energy

It taxed gas guzzling cars and removed price

energy development Appointed civil rights

Regents of The University of California v

8 Jimmy Carter As to the 1976 election said one Democrat, We could run an aardvark and win! A Domestic Policy Look To combat the energy crisis, the National Energy Act was passed. It taxed gas guzzling cars and removed price controls and gave tax credits to alternative energy development Appointed civil rights leader Andrew Young as Ambassador to the UN Regents of The University of California v Bakke: The Supreme Court struck down affirmative action.

9 Carter Foreign Policy Latin America:1977 Signed treaty with Panama to give them back the canal by the end of USSR: 1979 SALT II treaty limited the number of missile launchers. The treaty died when the USSR invaded Afghanistan 6 mo later. Camp David Accords: Carter brokered peace between Israel and Egypt. The first Arab treaty for Israel. IRAN HOSTAGE CRISIS: 1979, Iran captured 52 US citizens and held them hostage for 444 days after Carter allowed the former Shah of Iran to get cancer treatment in the US.

10 1970s Environmentalism Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, warning of the use of pesticides the US outlaws DDT 1970, April 22, was designated as EARTH DAY 1970: EPA Environmental Protection Agency was created to control pollution 1979: Three Mile Island nuclear reactor (Pennsylvania) overheated releasing radiation.

11 Past Presidents JFK- Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson- Democrat Richard Nixon- Republican Gerald R. Ford- Republican James Carter- Democrat Ronald Reagan- Republican George H.W. Bush- Republican Bill Clinton- Democrat George W. Bush- Republican Barack Obama- Democrat

1980s The Age of Conservatism Ronald Reagan elected President in

Business leaders, middle class voter, and Christians came together

as Jerry Falwell and Pat Robertson led a revival of Fundamentalism.

12 1980s The Age of Conservatism Ronald Reagan elected President in 1980 and 1988 Government is not the solution to our problem. Government is the problem. -Reagan The New Right: started in the 1970s, fought school busing, the ERA, and affirmative action. It also wanted prayer back in school Conservative Coalition: Business leaders, middle class voter, and Christians came together to form a powerful group Moral Majority: Christian evangelist such as Jerry Falwell and Pat Robertson led a revival of Fundamentalism. Jerry Falwell founded the Moral Majority. Conservative Goals: Shrink government, strengthen family values, reduce taxes and spending, and increase national defense.

Reaganomics 1. Budget Cuts 2.Tax Cuts 3.

Cut 10% from welfare programs such as urban mass

Less taxes means more disposable income to spend.

Defense Spending: in 3 years the defense

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) also called

13 Reaganomics 1. Budget Cuts 2.Tax Cuts 3. Increase Defense (military) Spending Budget Cuts: Cut 10% from welfare programs such as urban mass transit, food stamps, job training, Medicaid, school lunches, and student loans. Tax Cuts: Also called Supply-Side economics. Less taxes means more disposable income to spend. Reagan cut taxes 25% over three years. Defense Spending: in 3 years the defense department budget almost doubled. Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) also called Star Wars Trickle-Down Economics: Reagan believed tax cuts meant money would trickle down to the middle class and poor. IT DID NOT WORK

Judicial Power Rises Conservative Appointments to

woman to the Supreme court-sandra Day O Connor

M. Kennedy to the Supreme Court Reagan nominated

Chief Justice President Bush would also later

14 Judicial Power Rises Conservative Appointments to the Supreme Court Reagan nominated the First woman to the Supreme court-sandra Day O Connor Reagan also nominated Antonin Scalia and Anthony M. Kennedy to the Supreme Court Reagan nominated Justice William Rehnquist to the position of Chief Justice President Bush would also later nominate Clarence Thomas to take the place of Thurgood Marshall

nursing homes Deregulated the Airline industry cutting unprofitable routes Cut the budget of the EPA

15 Deregulation An Attempt to shrink the size of Government The cutting back or getting rid of Federal Government regulations of Industry Removed controls on oil and eliminated safety inspections on nursing homes Deregulated the Airline industry cutting unprofitable routes Cut the budget of the EPA Environmental Agency! WHAT! Positives of deregulation were it spurred on more competition and lowered prices

16 Reagan Supporters Business people- wanted to deregulate the economy Southerners- welcomed the limits on federal power Westerns- resented federal controls on mining and grazing Reagan Democrats- agreed with Reagan on limiting federal government and thought that the Democrats Party had drifted too far to the left By 1984, the economy was strong due to reducing deficit spending.

17 1988 Election George H.W. Bush- running off of Reagan s Legacy Most people were economically comfortable. WHY CHANGE? Read my lips: no new taxes Landslide- 426 electoral votes

80s Social Concerns AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: At first

Supreme Court stated states could impose new restrictions.

Education: promote better eduction: longer school year, merit pay, more

18 80s Social Concerns AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: At first transmitted by Homosexuals and Intravenous drug users then it spread to others. It was an EPIDEMIC. Abortion: In 1989-Webster v Reproductive Healthcare Services, the Supreme Court stated states could impose new restrictions. Illegal Drugs: Nancy Reagan, Just say no! Education: promote better eduction: longer school year, merit pay, more homwork, and longer school day. Urban: Rodney King beating by 4 white officers in 1992 in Los Angeles. All were found not guilty. Riots ensued for 5 days-53 dead!

Equal Rights Struggle ERA- Equal Rights Amendment- 1972 passed by Congress but didn t pass ratification

75 Women AA- more to political office but suffered economic gains Latino- fast and getting political P

19 Equal Rights Struggle ERA- Equal Rights Amendment passed by Congress but didn t pass ratification by 38 states in 1982 Pay equality- $1.00 Men $.75 Women AA- more to political office but suffered economic gains Latino- fast and getting political P NA- limited aid by Reagan, start of casinos to get revenue Gay Rights- setbacks due to AIDS in early 1980s but gained surged to eliminate anti-gay discrimination

Foreign Policy The transition out of the Cold War 1985

Party in the Soviet Union 1987 Reagan stated, Mr.

Glasnost: Open criticism of the the Soviet government

(less control) INF Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces

20 Foreign Policy The transition out of the Cold War 1985 Mikhail Gorbachev became the head of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union 1987 Reagan stated, Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall! Glasnost: Open criticism of the the Soviet government Perestroika: Restructuring of the Soviet government (less control) INF Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty: eliminated two classes of weapons START II pact: decreased nuclear arsenals by 2/3

21 Fall of The Soviet Berlin Wall falls in West and Germany is united republics declared independence from SU Civil War erupts in Baltics and Balkans states 1991-Gorbackev resigned Beaten by US (deficit spending/ Spending more than Soviet Union) Not Force Union

Tiananmen Square 1989 1980s- China loosens grip on economic reform

22 Tiananmen Square s- China loosens grip on economic reform before SU. Eliminate price control Students began to demand freedom of speech and voice in govt. Tiananmen Square in Beijing Tank Man China Military=Slaughtered unarmed students= Democratic countries watching on TV

23 Central America and Caribbean Policy Nicaragua- Grenada- Panama-

24 Foreign Policy Iran-Contra Affair: Reagan approved the sale of arms to Iran to send money to the Contras in Nicaragua Operation Desert Storm: 1990-Saddam Hussein, the dictator of Iraq invaded Kuwait. THE ENEMY OF OUR ENEMY (IRAN) IS OUR FRIEND! 1991 The US and its allies liberated Kuwait.

25 Iran-Contra Scandal

Desert Storm 100 hour war Americans feel

26 The Persian Gulf War Iran v. Iraq leaves Saddam Hussein with war debt 1990 Saddam invades Kuwait for oil fields= threatens US oil supply Operation Desert Storm 100 hour war Americans feel good about victory 400, 000 casualties, 100,000 Iraqi fatalities

28 Bush s Domestic Policies Rising deficits spending Recession in Raised Taxes- broke promise Approval rating dropped to 49%

The Conservative Tide

The Conservative Tide President Ronald Reagan s election marks a rightward shift in domestic and foreign policy. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Cold War ends and the U.S. confronts a host of