Global Governance, Inter-Korean Relations and Peace Building

Transcription

1 South Korea in the United Nations Global Governance, Inter-Korean Relations and Peace Building

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3 South Korea in the United Nations Global Governance, Inter-Korean Relations and Peace Building Gabriel Jonsson Stockholm University, Sweden World Scientific NEW JERSEY LONDON SINGAPORE BEIJING SHANGHAI HONG KONG TAIPEI CHENNAI TOKYO

4 Published by World Scientific Publishing Europe Ltd. 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE Head office: 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite , Hackensack, NJ South Korea in the United Nations Downloaded from Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Jonsson, Gabriel, 1962 author. Title: South Korea in the United Nations : global governance, inter-korean relations, and peace building / by Gabriel Jonsson (Stockholm University, Sweden). Description: New Jersey : World Scientific, Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN ISBN (hc : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: United Nations--Korea (South) United Nations--Membership. Peace-building--Korea (South) Korean reunification question (1945 ) Korea (South)--Foreign relations. Korea (South)--Foreign relations--korea (North) Korea (North)--Foreign relations--korea (South) Classification: LCC JZ K7 J DDC /5195--dc23 LC record available at British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Copyright 2017 by World Scientific Publishing Europe Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. Desk Editors: Suraj Kumar/Mary Simpson Typeset by Stallion Press enquiries@stallionpress.com Printed in Singapore

5 About the Author Gabriel Jonsson is a Lecturer in Korean Studies at Stockholm University, Department of Oriental Languages, where he received his PhD in Korean Studies in He also has a BA in East Asian Studies with a major in Korean Language from Stockholm University in His research focuses on inter-korean relations and South Korean politics. He published Peace-keeping in the Korean Peninsula: The Role of Commissions (Seoul: Korea Institute for National Unification, 2009) and Towards Korean Reconciliation: Socio-Cultural Exchanges and Cooperation (Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 2006). His latest book is Consolidation of Democracy in South Korea? (Stockholm: Stockholms University, 2014). He is a regular visitor to South Korea. v

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7 No Man is an Island No man is an island entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main. If a clod be washed away by the sea, Europe is the less, as well as if a promontory were, as well as any manner of thy friends or of thine own were. Any man s death diminishes me, because I am involved in mankind; and therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee. John Donne, 1624 vii

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9 Acknowledgments Firstly, I wish to extend my gratitude to those who have been kind enough to offer their assistance during the preparation of this book. This stimulating project would never have reached completion without two research visits to South Korea in 2014 and I therefore would like to acknowledge Åke Wibergs stiftelse [foundation] for providing research grants. In South Korea, I wish to thank the President of the Korea Institute for National Unification, Dr. Jinwook Choi, PhD, for allowing me to study at the institute. As a guest researcher, I benefited greatly from my affiliation with the institute in terms of collation of relevant material. Counsellor Mattias Chu at the Swedish Embassy in Seoul was helpful in arranging visits to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs that were very useful. In addition, I wish to express my gratitude to anonymous readers of the manuscript. I also wish to thank my wife, Lee Hee-Sook, and my daughter, Rebecka Ye-mi, for their extraordinary patience toward me during the preparation of this book. Roberto Menkes has my thanks for his assistance concerning technical matters related to the project. Thank you one and all. Gabriel Jonsson Stockholm, September 29, 2016 ix

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11 About the Author Acknowledgments Acronyms List of Tables Contents Chapter 1 Introduction Purpose Theoretical Framework Method Sources Organization and Scope Korean Names and Terminology 21 Chapter 2 The Two Koreas Struggle for UN Membership Introduction The Korean War and the UN The North South Korean Struggle for UN Membership The Two Koreas Become UN Members in Conclusions 67 v ix xv xxi xi

12 xii South Korea in the United Nations South Korea in the United Nations Downloaded from Chapter 3 The Impact of UN Membership on Inter-Korean Relations Introduction Predictions on the Outcome of South Korea s UN Membership South Korea s Participation in UN Agencies South Korea Is Elected Member of the UN Security Council Twice The Outcome of the UN Security Council s Resolutions on North Korea until The Outcome of the UN Security Council s Resolutions on North Korea after The North Korean Human Rights Issue in the UN Conclusions 160 Chapter 4 Participation in UN Peacekeeping Operations, Appointments of Koreans, and Budget Contributions Introduction Participation in UN Peacekeeping Operations Appointments of Koreans within the UN System Contributions to the UN Budget Assessments on the Outcome of South Korea s UN Membership Conclusions 199 Chapter 5 General Conclusions The Outcome of South Korea s UN Membership The Significance of Being UN Member 209

13 Appendixes Contents xiii Appendix I: Chronology 217 Appendix II: Questionnaire on the Outcome of UN Membership Since Bibliography 249 Index 265

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15 AARRO BDA CD CEDAW CFC COPUOS CRC CRS DCRK DMZ DPRK DRC ECLAC ECOSOC ESCAP EU FAO Acronyms Afro-Asian Rural Reconstruction Organization Banco Delta Asia Conference on Disarmaments Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Common Fund for Commodities Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space Convention on the Rights of the Child Congressional Report Service Democratic Confederal Republic of Koryo Demilitarized Zone Democratic People s Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of Congo Economic Commission on Central and South America and the Caribbean Economic and Social Council Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific European Union Food and Agricultural Organization xv

16 xvi South Korea in the United Nations South Korea in the United Nations Downloaded from GNI GNP H.E. IAEA IBRD ICAO ICC ICCROM ICPRCP ICSID IDA IFAD IFANS IFC IGO ILO IMF IMO INMARSAT INTELSAT INTERFET IPU ISO ITU Gross National Income Gross National Product His Excellency International Atomic Energy Agency International Bank for Reconstruction and Development International Civil Aviation Organization International Criminal Court International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property Intergovernmental Committee for Promoting the Return of Cultural Property to its Countries of Origin or its Restitution in Case of Illicit Appropriation International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes International Development Association International Fund for Agricultural Development Institute for Foreign Affairs and National Security International Finance Corporation Intergovernmental organization International Labour Organization International Monetary Fund International Maritime Organization International Maritime Satellite Organization International Telecommunications Satellite Organization International Force for East Timor Inter-Parliamentary Union International Organization for Standardization International Telecommunication Union

17 Acronyms xvii South Korea in the United Nations Downloaded from JPI KINU KOMID METT-TC MIGA MINURSO MINUSTAH MIT NADA NATO NGO N.K. NLL NPT NSL OMM ONUB PKOs POLISARIO ROK ROK HMEC UN, U.N. UNAMID UNAVEM Jeju Peace Institute Korea Institute for National Unification (South Korea) Korea Mining Development Trading Corporation (North Korea) Mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops available, time available, civil considerations Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti Massachusetts Institute of Technology National Aerospace Development Administration (North Korea) North Atlantic Treaty Organization Nongovernmental organization North Korea Northern Limit Line Non-Proliferation Treaty National Security Law Ocean Maritime Management Company, Ltd. (North Korea) United Nations Operation in Burundi Peacekeeping operations Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-hamra and Río de Oro Republic of Korea Republic of Korea Horizontal Mechanical Engineering Company United Nations African Union United Nations Mission in Darfur United Nations Angola Verification Mission

18 xviii South Korea in the United Nations South Korea in the United Nations Downloaded from UNC UNCCPCJ UNCHR UNCI UNCND UNCOI UNCOK UNCPC UNCSD UNCSW UNCTAD UNCURK UNDC UNDP UNFICYP UNESCO UNHCR UNHRC UNICEF UNIDO UNIFIL UNKRA UNMIL UNMIN United Nations Command United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice United Nations Commission on Human Rights United Nations Committee on Information United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs United Nations Commission of Inquiry United Nations Commission on Korea United Nations Committee for Program and Coordination United Nations Committee on Sustainable Development United Nations Commission on the Status of Women United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea United Nations Disarmament Commission United Nations Development Program United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees United Nations Human Rights Council United Nations Children s Fund United Nations Industrial Development Organization United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon United Nations Korean Reconstruction Agency United Nations Mission in Liberia United Nations Mission in Nepal

19 Acronyms xix South Korea in the United Nations Downloaded from UNMIS UNMISS UNMOGIP UNOCI UNOMIG UNOSOM UNPKOs UNSC UNTAET UNTCOK UNWTO UPR UPU US, U.S. WHO WIPO WMD WMO WTO United Nations Mission in Sudan United Nations Mission in South Sudan United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan United Nations Operation in Côte d Ivoire United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia United Nations Operation in Somalia United Nations peacekeeping operations United Nations Security Council United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea United Nations World Tourism Organization Universal Periodic Review Universal Postal Union United States World Health Organization World Intellectual Property Organization Weapon of mass destruction World Meteorological Organization World Trade Organization

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21 List of Tables Table 4.1. South Korea s contributions to the UN budget, Table 4.2. Twenty major contributors to the UN regular budget (2013) 191 xxi