LEGAL RESOLUTION OF NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION DISPUTES
|
|
|
- Junior Gardner
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 LEGAL RESOLUTION OF NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION DISPUTES How viable is the resolution of nuclear non-proliferation disputes through the International Court of Justice and international arbitration? James Fry examines the compromissory clauses in the IAEA Statute, IAEA safeguards agreements and the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material that give jurisdiction to these fora and analyzes recent jurisprudence to demonstrate how legal resolution can handle such politically sensitive disputes. In sum, legal resolution of nuclear non-proliferation disputes represents an option that States and commentators have all too often ignored. The impartiality and procedural safeguards of legal resolution should make it an acceptable option for target States and the international community, especially vis-à-vis the procedural shortcomings and general heavy-handedness of Security Council involvement undertheuncharterchaptervii. JamesD.Fryis Assistant Professor of Law at the University of Hong Kong Faculty of Law, where he is also Director of the LL.M. program, Deputy Director of the Japan and Korea program and Warden of Lee Shan Kee Hall. This publication has been made possible by a generous grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Project No HKU H).
2
3 LEGAL RESOLUTION OF NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION DISPUTES JAMES D. FRY
4 University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence. Information on this title: / This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2013 Printed in the United Kingdom by CPI Group Ltd, Croydon CR0 4YY A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Fry, James D., 1975 Legal resolution of nuclear non-proliferation disputes /. pages cm ISBN Nuclear nonproliferation 2. Dispute resolution (Law) 3. Diplomatic negotiations in international disputes. I. Title. KZ5675.F dc ISBN Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
5 Optimus Parentibus
6
7 CONTENTS part i Introduction 1 1 Foundational elements of the study The problem and solution Outline Methodology Audience Originality of this study 16 2 Definitions, delimitations and disclaimers of the study The nuclear non-proliferation regime Treaties comprising the regime Nuclear weapons Focus on legal resolution Variety in dispute settlement mechanisms Legal resolution in this study Pragmatism over utopianism 47 part ii Security Council involvement with nuclear non-proliferation disputes under UN Charter Chapter VII 53 3 Exploring potential problems with Security Council involvement Introduction Structure of this chapter Disclaimers for this chapter Methods of interpreting Security Council resolutions Binding resolutions of the Security Council Security Council Chapter VII measures Resolutions 255 and 984: establishing security assurances Positive security assurances of Resolution Positive security assurances of Resolution vii
8 viii contents Negative security assurances of the unilateral statements International estoppel and security assurances Legal nature of these assurances Binding permanent members of the Security Council Binding the Security Council Resolution 487 and Israel s attackoniraq The 1991 Gulf War and Resolution Cease-fire agreement on the ground Nuclear disarmament obligations of Resolution UNSCOM and UNMOVIC under Resolution Iraq s acceptance of Resolution UNSCOM s strength Due-process concerns with Security Council proceedings Reiterating treaty obligations Suspending Iraq s NPT rights India, Pakistan, and Resolution North Korea and various Security Council resolutions Imposing treaty obligations on North Korea Imposing treaty obligations on all States parties Iran and various Security Council resolutions WMD terrorism and Resolution New obligations concerning non-state actors New obligations concerning legislation New obligations in preventing trade in nuclear weapons and material Shifting to supply-side non-proliferation measures through imposition Conclusion for this part 173 part iii Introduction 181 Legal resolution and nuclear non-proliferation disputes The history of legal resolution of similarly sensitive disputes as nuclear non-proliferation disputes Early debates between the US and the USSR over the role of legal resolution Military-related arbitration from ancient times Military-related disputesbeforethepcijandtheicj 212
9 contents ix Nuclear-weapon-related disputes ICJ cases involving the use of force ICJ cases involving international crimes by military forces Conclusion for this chapter Jurisdiction over nuclear non-proliferation disputes Standing before the ICJ and international arbitral tribunals Specific jurisdictional consent to legal resolution Direct consent to legal resolution through compromissory clauses Compromissory clauses Compromissory clauses in nuclear non-proliferation agreements IAEA Statute and dispute settlement IAEA safeguards agreements and dispute settlement Standard language Variations on the standard language Genuine arbitration clauses Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material Advantages and disadvantages of legal resolution Application of law Impartiality of legal resolution Greater control through procedural safeguards Predictability through the rule of law Defining consistency Goals of consistency Predictability Fairness Confidence in legal resolution Potential conflicts of interest The litigation process Showing good faith through legal resolution Expediency through legal resolution Revealing the heart of the dispute Improper shifting of burdens Gaps in nuclear non-proliferation agreements Conclusion for this chapter 355
10 x contents 6 Justiciability of nuclear non-proliferation disputes Basics of justiciability How justiciability relates to jurisdiction How justiciability differs from admissibility Justiciability and optional clause declarations History of justiciability Justiciability before Justiciability after Treaty interpretation as a legal dispute Treaty interpretation of nuclear non-proliferation agreements Handling mixed disputes Substantive approach to justiciability Process approach to justiciability Reasons to favor the process approach Fragmentation of disputes as an alternative Examples of fragmentation Criticism of fragmentation Conclusion for this chapter 430 part iv Conclusion Conclusion 435 Bibliography 439 I Books and treatises 439 II Articles and book chapters 449 Index 485
ASHORTINTRODUCTIONTO INTERNATIONAL LAW
ASHORTINTRODUCTIONTO INTERNATIONAL LAW In our globalised world the sources and actors of international law are many and its growth prolific and disorderly. International law governs the actions of states
THE LEGAL REGIME OF STRAITS
THE LEGAL REGIME OF STRAITS The right of transit passage in straits and the analogous right of archipelagic sea lanes passage in archipelagic States, negotiated in the 1970s and embodied in the 1982 UNCLOS,
THE LEGITIMACY OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS REGIMES
THE LEGITIMACY OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS REGIMES The past sixty years have seen an expansion of international human rights conventions and supervisory organs, not least in Europe. While these international
THE GENEVA CONSENSUS
THE GENEVA CONSENSUS The Geneva Consensus highlights the vital role that open trade plays in generating global economic growth, a key condition for reducing poverty and creating jobs around the world.
International Law and International Relations
International Law and International Relations Second Edition In this fully updated and revised edition, the authors explore the evolution, nature and function of international law in world politics and
THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES
THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES The third edition of The WTO Dispute Settlement Procedures collects together the treaty texts, decisions and agreed practices relating to the procedures that apply
WTO Analytical Index
WTO Analytical Index The WTO Analytical Index is a comprehensive guide to the interpretation and application of the WTO Agreements by the Appellate Body, dispute settlement panels and other WTO bodies.
British Political Culture and the Idea of Public Opinion,
British Political Culture and the Idea of Public Opinion, 1867 1914 Newspapers, periodicals, pamphlets and books all reflect the ubiquity of public opinion in political discourse in late nineteenth- and
A COMMENTARY ON THE PARIS PRINCIPLES ON NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONS
A COMMENTARY ON THE PARIS PRINCIPLES ON NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONS The Principles relating to the Status of National Institutions (The Paris Principles) were adopted by National Human Rights Institutions
Summary of Policy Recommendations
Summary of Policy Recommendations 192 Summary of Policy Recommendations Chapter Three: Strengthening Enforcement New International Law E Develop model national laws to criminalize, deter, and detect nuclear
Distributive Justice and Access to Advantage
Distributive Justice and Access to Advantage G. A. Cohen was one of the world s leading political theorists. He was noted, in particular, for his contributions to the literature of egalitarian justice.
in this web service Cambridge University Press
DEADLY IMPASSE What ails the Indo-Pakistani relationship? Rivalry between the two states has persisted since the partition of the British Indian Empire in 1947 and despite negotiations, four wars and multiple
Non-Proliferation and the Challenge of Compliance
Non-Proliferation and the Challenge of Compliance Address by Nobuyasu Abe Under-Secretary-General for Disarmament Affairs United Nations, New York Second Moscow International Non-Proliferation Conference
grand strategy in theory and practice
grand strategy in theory and practice The Need for an Effective American Foreign Policy This book explores fundamental questions about grand strategy, as it has evolved across generations and countries.
Building an Authoritarian Polity
Building an Authoritarian Polity shows why post-soviet Russia has failed to achieve the democratic outcome widely expected at the time of the fall of the Soviet Union, instead emerging as an authoritarian
The Law of State Immunity
The Law of State Immunity Third Edition HAZEL FOX CMG QC PHILIPPA WEBB 1 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It
2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 3 May 2010
AUSTRALIAN MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS E-maii austraiia@un.int 150 East 42nd Street, New York NY 10017-5612 Ph 212-351 6600 Fax 212-351 6610 www.australiaun.org 2010 Review Conference of the Parties
LAWYERING FOR THE RULE OF LAW
LAWYERING FOR THE RULE OF LAW Lawyering for the Rule of Law introduces a new model of government lawyering in which government lawyers function as an ancillary mechanism that enables the court to expand
MODEL DRAFT RESOLUTION
MODEL DRAFT RESOLUTION MiMUN-UCJC Madrid 1 ANNEX VI SEKMUN MEETING 17 April 2012 S/12/01 Security Council Resolution First Period of Sessions Non-proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. Main submitters:
Democracy and Trust. Cambridge University Press Democracy and Trust Edited by Mark E. Warren Frontmatter More information
Democracy and Trust Surveys suggest an erosion of trust in government, among individuals, and between groups. Although these trends are often thought to be bad for democracy, the relationship between democracy
Ontario Model United Nations II. Disarmament and Security Council
Ontario Model United Nations II Disarmament and Security Council Committee Summary The First Committee of the United Nations General Assembly deals with disarmament, global challenges and threats to peace
Power, Order, and Change in World Politics
Power, Order, and Change in World Politics Are there recurring historical dynamics and patterns that can help us understand today s power transitions and struggles over international order? What can we
Critical Reflections on the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
Critical Reflections on the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons by Quentin Michel* The announcement by American President G.W. Bush and Indian Prime Minister Singh on 18 July 2005 of an
THE COSMOPOLITAN FIRST AMENDMENT
THE COSMOPOLITAN FIRST AMENDMENT We live in an interconnected world in which expressive and religious cultures increasingly commingle and collide. In a globalized and digitized era, we need to better understand
and note with satisfaction that stocks of nuclear weapons are now at far lower levels than at anytime in the past half-century. Our individual contrib
STATEMENT BY THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, FRANCE,THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND, AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TO THE 2010 NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY
Globa l A n ti-ter ror ism L aw and Policy
Globa l A n ti-ter ror ism L aw and Policy Preventing acts of terrorism remains one of the major tasks of domestic governments and regional and international organisations. As terrorism transcends borders,
Bazaar and State in Iran
Bazaar and State in Iran The Tehran Bazaar has always been central to the Iranian economy and, indeed, to the Iranian urban experience. s fascinating book compares the economics and politics of the marketplace
Iraq and the Crimes of Aggressive War
Iraq and the Crimes of Aggressive War From the torture of detainees at Abu Ghraib to unnecessary military attacks on civilians, this book is an account of the violations of international criminal law committed
DECISIONS AND RESOLUTION ADOPTED AT THE 1995 NPT REVIEW AND EXTENSION CONFERENCE
DECISIONS AND RESOLUTION ADOPTED AT THE 1995 NPT REVIEW AND EXTENSION CONFERENCE Decision 1 STRENGTHENING THE REVIEW PROCESS FOR THE TREATY 1. The Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation
CONFERENCE ON DISARMAMENT
CONFERENCE ON DISARMAMENT CD/8/Rev.9 19 December 2003 Original: ENGLISH RULES OF PROCEDURE OF THE CONFERENCE ON DISARMAMENT INTRODUCTION These rules of procedure were adopted taking into account the relevant
Cambridge University Press Targeted Killing: A Legal and Political History Markus Gunneflo Frontmatter More information
TARGETED KILLING Looking beyond the events of the second intifada and 9/11, this book reveals how targeted killing is intimately embedded in both Israeli and US statecraft and in the problematic relationship
THE EUROPEAN UNION AFTER THE TREATY OF LISBON
THE EUROPEAN UNION AFTER THE TREATY OF LISBON This volume of essays casts light on the shape and future direction of the European Union in the wake of the Lisbon Treaty and highlights the incomplete nature
Adopted by the Security Council at its 6141st meeting, on 12 June 2009
United Nations S/RES/1874 (2009) Security Council Distr.: General 12 June 2009 Resolution 1874 (2009) Adopted by the Security Council at its 6141st meeting, on 12 June 2009 The Security Council, Recalling
NPT/CONF.2020/PC.II/WP.33
Preparatory Committee for the 2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons NPT/CONF.2020/PC.II/WP.33 19 April 2018 Original: English Second session Geneva,
EXISTING AND EMERGING LEGAL APPROACHES TO NUCLEAR COUNTER-PROLIFERATION IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY*
\\server05\productn\n\nyi\39-4\nyi403.txt unknown Seq: 1 26-SEP-07 13:38 EXISTING AND EMERGING LEGAL APPROACHES TO NUCLEAR COUNTER-PROLIFERATION IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY* NOBUYASU ABE** There are three
General Assembly First Committee. Topic B: Compliance with Non-Proliferation, Arms Limitations, and Disarmament Agreements and Commitments
General Assembly First Committee Topic B: Compliance with Non-Proliferation, Arms Limitations, and Disarmament Agreements and Commitments Some might complain that nuclear disarmament is little more than
Essentials of EU Law. European Law and Dean for International Relations of the Law School at the University of Vienna.
Essentials of EU Law Students new to the study of EU law can find knowing what questions to ask to be as much of a challenge as answering them. This book clearly sets the scene: it explores the history
NPT/CONF.2005/PC.II/25
Preparatory Committee for the 2005 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 1 May 2003 ORIGINAL: English Second Session Geneva, 28 April 9 May 2003 1.
Islam, Democracy, and Cosmopolitanism
Islam, Democracy, and Cosmopolitanism This book presents a critical study of citizenship, state, and globalization in societies that historically have been influenced by Islamic traditions and institutions.
AS DELIVERED. EU Statement by
AS DELIVERED EU Statement by H.E. Ms. Federica Mogherini High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Vice-President of the European Commission General Debate 2015
The Nature of Asian Politics
The Nature of Asian Politics The Nature of Asian Politics is a broad and thematic treatment of the fundamental factors that characterize politics in the fourteen key countries of Southeast and Northeast
Social Movements and Protest
Social Movements and Protest This lively textbook integrates theory and methodology into the study of social movements, and includes contemporary case studies to engage students and encourage them to apply
Judicial Review in an Objective Legal System
Judicial Review in an Objective Legal System How should courts interpret the law? While all agree that courts must be objective, legal scholars differ sharply over what this demands in practice: fidelity
PATERNALISM. christian coons is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Bowling Green State University.
PATERNALISM Is it allowable for your government, or anyone else, to influence or coerce you for your own sake? This is a question about paternalism, or interference with a person s liberty or autonomy
Children and Global Conflict
Kim Huynh, Bina D Costa and Katrina Lee-Koo Children and Global Conflict More than one billion people under the age of eighteen live in territories affected by armed conflict. Despite this, scholars and
The Right of Self-Determination of Peoples The Domestication of an Illusion
The Right of Self-Determination of Peoples The Domestication of an The right of self-determination of peoples holds out the promise of sovereign statehood for all peoples and a domination-free international
IAEA 51 General Conference General Statement by Norway
IAEA 51 General Conference General Statement by Norway Please allow me to congratulate you on your well-deserved election. Let me also congratulate the Agency and its Member States on the occasion of its
The Emergence of Humanitarian Intervention
The Emergence of Humanitarian Intervention How should the international community react when a government transgresses humanitarian norms and violates the human rights of its own nationals? And where does
Moral Dilemmas of Modern War
Moral Dilemmas of Modern War Torture, Assassination, and Blackmail in an Age of Asymmetric Conflict Asymmetric conflict is changing the way that we practice and think about war. Torture, rendition, assassination,
Re: Appeal and Questions regarding the Japan-India Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement
To: Mr. Fumio Kishida, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Japan Re: Appeal and Questions regarding the Japan-India Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement From: Friends of the Earth Japan Citizens' Nuclear Information
CONSTITUTIONALISM OF THE GLOBAL SOUTH
CONSTITUTIONALISM OF THE GLOBAL SOUTH The Indian Supreme Court, the South African Constitutional Court, and the Colombian Constitutional Court have been among the most important and creative courts in
Plenary. Record of the Eleventh Meeting. Held at Headquarters, Vienna,, on Friday, 18 September 2009, at 4.30 p.m.
Atoms for Peace General Conference GC(53)/OR.11 Issued: November 2009 General Distribution Original: English Fifty-third regular session Plenary Record of the Eleventh Meeting Held at Headquarters, Vienna,,
STATEMENT. H.E. Ms. Laila Freivalds Minister for Foreign Affairs of Sweden
STATEMENT by H.E. Ms. Laila Freivalds Minister for Foreign Affairs of Sweden 2005 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons United Nations New York 3 May
Lessons from the Agreed Framework with North Korea and Implications for Iran: A Japanese view
From Pyongyang to Tehran: U.S. & Japan Perspectives on Implementing Nuclear Deals At Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, DC March 28, 2016 Lessons from the Agreed Framework with North
Opening Statement. Nobuaki Tanaka Under-Secretary-General for Disarmament Affairs United Nations
Check against delivery Opening Statement by Nobuaki Tanaka Under-Secretary-General for Disarmament Affairs United Nations The Fifth United Nations-Republic of Korea Joint Conference on Disarmament and
United Nations General Assembly 1st
ASMUN CONFERENCE 2018 "New problems create new opportunities: 7.6 billion people together towards a better future" United Nations General Assembly 1st "Paving the way to a world without a nuclear threat"!
of the NPT review conference
New perspectives of the nonproliferation regime on the eve of the NPT review conference Dr Jean Pascal Zanders EU Institute for Security Studies The non-proliferation regime and the future of the Non-Proliferation
Nuclear doctrine. Civil Society Presentations 2010 NPT Review Conference NAC
Statement on behalf of the Group of non-governmental experts from countries belonging to the New Agenda Coalition delivered by Ms. Amelia Broodryk (South Africa), Institute for Security Studies Drafted
THE TREATY ON THE PROHIBITION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR SWEDEN S IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF NUCLEAR MATERIAL AND ITEMS
This article is part of the shadow report I skuggan av makten produced by Swedish Physicians Against Nuclear Weapons and WILPF Sweden. THE TREATY ON THE PROHIBITION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR
A CONTEMPORARY APPROACH TO RACE, CLASS, AND GENDER
Inequality A CONTEMPORARY APPROACH TO RACE, CLASS, AND GENDER Social stratification is the grouping of people based on income, wealth, political influence, and other characteristics. Widely recognized
Group of Eight Declaration on Nonproliferation and Disarmament for 2012
Group of Eight Declaration on Nonproliferation and Disarmament for 2012 This Declaration is issued in conjunction with the Camp David Summit. 1. Preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction
Global Turning Points
Global Turning Points 2nd edition The second edition of this popular and thought-provoking textbook offers an accessible yet sophisticated analysis of the game-changing events and trends that are transforming
THE JUDICIARY, THE LEGISLATURE AND THE EU INTERNAL MARKET
THE JUDICIARY, THE LEGISLATURE AND THE EU INTERNAL MARKET By tracing the way in which the CJEU and national courts react to legislation and Treaty reform, and the way in which the Member States, Commission
Controlling the Absolute Weapon : international authority and the IAEA
Controlling the Absolute Weapon : international authority and the IAEA Robert L. Brown Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow, Belfer Center Assistant Professor of Political Science, Temple University Public
Statement by. H.E. Muhammad Anshor. Deputy Permanent Representative. Permanent Mission of the Republic of Indonesia. to the United Nations
(Please check against delivery) Statement by H.E. Muhammad Anshor Deputy Permanent Representative Permanent Mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the United Nations at the General Debate of the First
MONGOLIA PERMANENT MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS
MONGOLIA PERMANENT MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS 6 East 77 h Street, New York, N.Y. 10021 Tel: (212) 861-9460, (212) 472-6517 Fax: (212) 861-9464 e-mail: mongolia(&un.int /check against delivery/ STATEMENT
DISPLACEMENT BY DEVELOPMENT
DISPLACEMENT BY DEVELOPMENT For decades, policy-makers in government, development banks and foundations, NGOs, researchers and students have struggled with the problem of how to protect people who are
Briefing Memo. Sukeyuki Ichimasa, Fellow, 2nd Research Office, Research Department. Introduction
Briefing Memo Assessing the 2010 NPT Review Conference and a Vision towards a World Free of Nuclear Weapons (an English translation of the original manuscript written in Japanese) Sukeyuki Ichimasa, Fellow,
The Politics of Major Policy Reform in Postwar America
The Politics of Major Policy Reform in Postwar America The Politics of Major Policy Reform in Postwar America examines the politics of recent landmark policy in areas such as homeland security, civil rights,
STATEMENT. by Mikhail I. Uliyanov
Постоянное Представительство Российской Федерации при Организации Объединенных Наций в Нью-Йорке Permanent Mission of the Russian Federation to the United Nations in New York Unofficial translation Check
H.E. Mr. Miroslav LAJČÁK
Statement by H.E. Mr. Miroslav LAJČÁK Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign and European Affairs of the Slovak Republic Head of Delegation The 2015 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty
THE INSTITUTE OF STRATEGIC STUDIES ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
i THE INSTITUTE OF STRATEGIC STUDIES ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN Registered under Societies Registration Act No. XXI of 1860 The Institute of Strategic Studies was founded in 1973. It is a non-profit, autonomous
CIVIL LIBERTIES, NATIONAL SECURITY AND PROSPECTS FOR CONSENSUS
CIVIL LIBERTIES, NATIONAL SECURITY AND PROSPECTS FOR CONSENSUS The idea of security has recently seen a surge of interest from political philosophers. After the atrocities of 11 September 2001 and 7 July
A HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE MODERN SOCIAL SCIENCES
A HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE MODERN SOCIAL SCIENCES A Historiography of the Modern Social Sciences includes essays on the ways in which the histories of history, anthropology, sociology, psychology, economics,
Implications of South Asian Nuclear Developments for U.S. Nonproliferation Policy Nuclear dynamics in South Asia
Implications of South Asian Nuclear Developments for U.S. Nonproliferation Policy Sharon Squassoni Senior Fellow and Director, Proliferation Prevention Program Center for Strategic & International Studies
The Social Costs of Underemployment Inadequate Employment as Disguised Unemployment
The Social Costs of Underemployment Inadequate Employment as Going beyond the usual focus on unemployment, this research explores the health effects of other kinds of underemployment, including such forms
The Individual in the International Legal System: Continuity and Change in International Law
The Individual in the International Legal System: Continuity and Change in International Law Kate Parlett CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Foreword Acknowledgements Select list of abbreviations Table
Ambassador Dr. Sameh Aboul-Enein. Ronald Reagan Building - Washington DC
The Middle East Free Zone: A Challenging Reality Ambassador Dr. Sameh Aboul-Enein Strategic Weapons in the 21st Century: Deterrence and Stability in Today s Environment Co-hosted by Los Alamos and Lawrence
Reforming Ideas in Britain
Reforming Ideas in Britain Between 1789 and 1815 Britain faced a surge of challenges brought about by the French Revolution. Growing tensions with France, then the outbreak of war, exacerbated domestic
Bombing the People. in this web service Cambridge University Press.
Bombing the People Giulio Douhet is generally considered the world s most important air -power theorist and this book offers the first comprehensive account of his air -power concepts. It ranges from 1884
Montessori Model United Nations. Distr.: Middle School Thirteenth Session Sept First Committee Disarmament and International Security
Montessori Model United Nations A/C.1/13/BG-102 General Assembly Distr.: Middle School Thirteenth Session Sept 2018 Original: English First Committee Disarmament and International Security This committee
law and development of middle-income countries
law and development of middle-income countries In 1960, there were 101 middle-income countries. By 2008, only thirteen of these had become high-income countries. Why do so many middle-income countries
Cambridge University Press After War Ends: A Philosophical Perspective Larry May Frontmatter More information
After War Ends There is extensive discussion in current Just War literature about the normative principles that should govern the initiation of war ( jus ad bellum), and also the conduct of war ( jus in
Brazil, Egypt, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand and South Africa: draft resolution
United Nations A/C.1/68/L.18 General Assembly Distr.: Limited 17 October 2013 Original: English Sixty-eighth session First Committee Agenda item 99 (l) General and complete disarmament: towards a nuclear-weapon-free
Why Elections Fail. Cambridge University Press Why Elections Fail Pippa Norris Frontmatter More information
Why Elections Fail Unfortunately too often elections around the globe are deeply flawed or even fail. What triggers these problems? In this second volume of her trilogy on electoral integrity, compares
Louis XVI and the French Revolution,
Louis XVI and the French Revolution, 1789 1792 The experience, and failure, of Louis XVI s short-lived constitutional monarchy of 1789 1792 deeply influenced the politics and course of the French Revolution.
The Origins of the First World War
The Origins of the First World War Providing a new interpretation of the origins of the First World War, this textbook synthesises recent scholarship and introduces the major historiographical and political
understanding foreign policy decision making
understanding foreign policy decision making Understanding Foreign Policy Decision Making presents a decision making approach to foreign policy analysis. The benefits of such an approach are its ability
Vienna, 2-12 May Check against delivery - PERMANENT MISSION OF PORTUGAL VIENNA
PERMANENT MISSION OF PORTUGAL VIENNA Statement by the Head of Delegation of Portugal to the First Preparatory Committee for the 2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation
Interviews. Interview With Ambasssador Gregory L. Schulte, U.S. Permanent Representative to the In. Agency
Interview With Ambasssador Gregory L. Schulte, U.S. Permanent Representative to the International Atomic Energy Agency Interviews Interviewed by Miles A. Pomper As U.S permanent representative to the International
The 2015 NPT Review Conference and the Future of the Nonproliferation Regime Published on Arms Control Association (
The 2015 NPT Review Conference and the Future of the Nonproliferation Regime Arms Control Today July/August 2015 By Andrey Baklitskiy As the latest nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) review conference
Adopted by the Security Council at its 6191st meeting, on 24 September 2009
United Nations S/RES/1887 (2009) Security Council Distr.: General 24 September 2009 (E) *0952374* Resolution 1887 (2009) Adopted by the Security Council at its 6191st meeting, on 24 September 2009 The
IAEA GENERAL CONFERENCE. 28 September 2005 NEW ZEALAND STATEMENT. I would like first to congratulate you on assuming the Presidency of this year's
IAEA GENERAL CONFERENCE 28 September 2005 NEW ZEALAND STATEMENT I would like first to congratulate you on assuming the Presidency of this year's General Conference. You have the full support of the New
Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 7 December [on the report of the First Committee (A/70/460)]
![Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 7 December [on the report of the First Committee (A/70/460)]](/thumbs/89/99582384.jpg "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 7 December [on the report of the First Committee (A/70/460)]")
United Nations A/RES/70/40 General Assembly Distr.: General 11 December 2015 Seventieth session Agenda item 97 (aa) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 7 December 2015 [on the report of the First
From the Great Wall to the New World: China and Latin America in the 21st Century
From the Great Wall to the New World: China and Latin America in the 21st Century From the Great Wall to the New World: China and Latin America in the 21st Century The China Quarterly Special Issues New
A Bill To ensure and certify that companies operating in the United States that receive U.S. government funds are not conducting business in Iran.
A Bill To ensure and certify that companies operating in the United States that receive U.S. government funds are not conducting business in Iran. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
Dr. Sameh Aboul-Enein Minister Plenipotentiary and Deputy Head of Mission of Egypt to the UK
Dr. Sameh Aboul-Enein Minister Plenipotentiary and Deputy Head of Mission of Egypt to the UK Centre for Energy and Security Studies 2010 Moscow Nonproliferation Conference March 4 th - 6 th, 2010 Please
DRAFT 1540 COMMITTEE MATRIX OF BHUTAN
DRAFT 1540 COMMITTEE MATRI OF BHUTAN The information in the matrices originates primarily from national reports and is complemented by official government information, including that made available to
GR132 Non-proliferation: current lessons from Iran and North Korea
GR132 Non-proliferation: current lessons from Iran and North Korea The landmark disarmament deal with Libya, announced on 19 th December 2003, opened a brief window of optimism for those pursuing international
Morality at the Ballot
Morality at the Ballot Across the United States, there is wide variation in opportunities for citizens to craft legislation through the process of direct democracy. Previous studies suggest that an active