Bahrain Facts and Figures 1

Transcription

1 Bahrain Facts and Figures 1 Country Name: Conventional long form: Kingdom of Bahrain Conventional short form: Bahrain Local long form: Mamlakat al Bahrayn Local short form: Al Bahrayn Former: Dilmun, State of Bahrain Nationality: Noun: Bahraini(s) Adjective: Bahraini Government Type: Constitutional monarchy Capital: Name: Manama Independence: 15 August 1971 (from the UK) Location: Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia Area: 760 sq km (293 sq mi) Border Countries: No land borders. Bahrain shares maritime boundaries with Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Iran Climate: Arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers Natural Hazards: Periodic droughts; dust storms Environment Current Issues: Desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; lack of freshwater resources (groundwater and seawater are the only sources for all water needs) 1 Information in this section is from the Central Intelligence Agency, Bahrain, in The World Factbook, 7 January 2013,

2 HIV/AIDS People Living With HIV/AIDS: Fewer than 600 (2007 est.) Population: 1,248,348 (July 2012 est.) Sex Ratio: At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female Under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female years: 1.75 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female Total population: 1.54 male(s)/female (2011 est.) Median Age: 31.1 years (2012 est.) Population Growth Rate: 2.652% (2012 est.) Urbanization: Urban Population: 89% of total population (2010) Rate of Urbanization: 1.8% annual rate of change ( est.) Life Expectancy at Birth: years (2012 est.) Fertility Rate: Total: 1.86 children born/woman (2012 est.) Ethnic Groups: Bahraini 46%, non-bahraini 54% (2010 census) Religions: Muslim (Shia and Sunni) 81.2%, Christian 9%, other 9.8% (2001 census) Languages: Arabic (official), English, Farsi, Urdu Literacy: Definition: Persons age 15 and over who can read and write. Total population: 94.6% Male: 96.1% Female: 91.6% (2010 census) National Holiday: National Day, 16 December (1971)

3 Note: 15 August 1971 was the date of independence from the UK, 16 December 1971 was the date of independence from British protection. Constitution: Adopted 14 February Administrative Divisions: Five governorates: Asamah, Janubiyah, Muharraq, Shamaliyah, Wasat Note: Each governorate administrated by an appointed governor. Legal System: Mixed legal system of Islamic law and English common law. Suffrage: 20 years of age; universal. Note: Bahraini cabinet in May 2011 endorsed a draft law lowering eligibility to 18 years. GOVERNMENT Executive Branch: Chief of state: King HAMAD bin Isa Al Khalifa (since 6 March 1999); Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad Al Khalifa (son of the monarch, born 21 October 1969). Head of government: Prime Minster KHALIFA bin Salman Al Khalifa (since 1971); Deputy Prime Ministers ALI bin Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, MUHAMMAD bin Mubarak Al Khalifa, Jawad bin Salim al-araidh. Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch. Elections: The monarchy is hereditary; prime minster appointed by the monarch Legislative Branch: Bicameral National Assembly consists of the Shura Council or Consultative Council (40 members appointed by the King) and the Council of Representatives or Chamber of Deputies (40 seats; members directly elected to serve 4-year terms). Elections: Council of Representatives last held in two rounds on 23 and 30 October 2010 (next election to be held in 2014); by-elections to fill 18 vacated seats held on 24 September Election results: Council of Representatives (2010): percent of vote by society NA; seats by society Wifaq (Shia) 18, Asala (Sunni Salafi) 3, Minbar (Sunni Muslim Brotherhood) 2, independents 17; Council of Representatives by-election (2011): seats by society independent pro-government 13, Asala (Sunni Salafi) 1, independent 1, independent (Shia) 1, Islamic Society League (Shia pro-government) 1, Society for National Unity (Sunni pro-governmant) 1; Note: Bahrain has societies rather than parties Judicial Branch: High Civil Appeals Court

4 International Organization Participation: Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA), Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD), Arab Monetary Fund (AMF), Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU), Conference of Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Group of 77 (G-77), Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM), Islamic Development Bank (IDB), International Finance Corporation (IFC), International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS), International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), International Labor Organization (ILO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), International Maritime Organization (IMO), International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO), International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol), International Olympic Committee (IOC), International Organization for Migration (IOM) (observer), Inter- Parliamentary Union (IPU), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), International Telecommunications Satellites Organization (ITSO), International Telecommunication Union (ITU), International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC), League of Arab States (LAS), Multilateral Investment Geographic Agency (MIGA), Nonaligned Movement (NAM), Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC), Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), United Nations (UN), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Universal Postal Union (UPU), World Customs Organization (WCO), World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU), World Health Organization (WHO), World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), World Meteorological Organization (WMO), World Trade Organization (WTO) GDP Real Growth Rate: 2.1% (2011 est.) GDP Composition by Sector: Agriculture: 0.4% Industry: 52.4% Services: 47.2% (2011 est.) Labor Force By Occupation: Agriculture: 1% Industry: 79% Services: 20% (1997 est.) Unemployment Rate: 15% (2005 est.)

5 Telephones Main Lines in Use: 276,500 (2011) Telephones Mobile Cellular: million (2011) Broadcast Media: State-run Bahrain Radio and Television Corporation (BRTC) operates five terrestrial TV networks and several radio stations; satellite TV systems provide access to international broadcasts; one private FM station directs broadcasts to Indian listeners; radio and TV broadcasts from countries in the region are available (2007). Internet: Country Code:.bh Users: 419,500 (2009) Hosts: 47,727 (2012). Airports: 4 (2012) Airports With Paved Runways: Total: 4 Over 3,047 m (1.89 mi): to 1,523 m (0.57 to 0.95 mi): 1 (2012) Military Branches: Bahrain Defense Forces (BDF): Royal Bahraini Army (RBA), Royal Bahraini Navy (RBN), Royal Bahraini Air Force (RBAF), Royal Bahraini Air Defense Force (RBADF) (2012) Military Service Age and Obligation: 17 years of age for voluntary military service; 15 years of age for NCOs, technicians, and cadets; no conscription (2010) International Disputes: None