BURMESE BORDER CONSORTIUM

Transcription

1 BURMESE BORDER CONSORTIUM REFUGEE RELIEF PROGRAMME PROGRAMME REPORT FOR PERIOD JULy TO DECEMBER 1994 REVISED FUl\T])ING APPEAL FOR 1995

2 BUR"ESE BORDER CDNSDRTIU" REFUGEE RELIEF PROGRA""E PROGRA""E REPDRT FOR PERIOD JULY TO DECE"BER 1994 AND REVISED FUNDING APPEAL FOR 1995 February 1995

3 THE BURMESE BORDER CONSORTIUM 12/15 Conven~ Road. Si10. Road. BANGKOK Te Fax MEMBER AGENCIES AND REPRESENTATIVES Jack Dunford Refugee Relief Coordinator Church of Christ in Thailand 14 Pramuan Road BANGKOK Tel , Fax Jennie McCann Country Director International Rescue Committee 19 Sukhumvit Soi 3 3 Sukhumvit Road BANGKOK Tel /1, Fax Fr Quentin Dignam Regional Director Jesuit Refugee Serv ice 24/1 Soi Aree 4 Phaholyothin Road 7 Phyathai, BANGKOK Tel , Fax Marshall Peters Fellowship Secretary Thailand Baptist Missiona r f Fellows hip PO.Box 29 CHIANG MAI Tel (053) , Fax (053 ) Dick Schilthuis Regional Asia Director loa Refugee Care Netherlands 25/2 Soi Phaholyothin Road 9, Samsaennai, BANGKOK Tel , Fax

4 The Burmese Border Consortium (BBC) is a group of Non-Governmental Organisations(NGO's) which pools its resources to provide basic food and items of necessity to refugees from Burma along the Thai border. The working philosophy of the BBC is : 1) To provide assistance in cooperation with the Royal Thai Government and in accordance with the regulations of the Ministry of Interior (MOl); 2) To provide basic commodities consistent with MOl regulations and with living standards in the border areas. The Consortium does not generally provide medical assistance, but coordinates closely with medical agencies through the Coordinating Committee for Displaced Persons in Thailand (CCSDPT) ; 3) To keep staff presence to a minimum to comply with MOl regulations, to promote self- sufficiency, minimise aiddependency, and to help preserve the cultural identity of the refugee communities 4) To provide assistance through the appointed refugee relief committees to ensure coordination and to avoid duplication ; 5) By forming a consortium, to avoid competition and duplication of assistance between agencies, and to max imise the use of financial r esources 6) To meet monthly in Bangkok to share information on the refugee situation and to determine programme details for implemention by the BBC staff ; and, 7) To respond to emergencies as they occur, extending relief to new refugees in accordance with the above philosophy.

5 1_ SUMMARY AND APPEAL 2_ REFUGEE SITUATION DURING SECOND HALF OF 1994 ~ 1 2 3_ BBC PROGRAMME DURING SECOND HALF OF _ 1994 EXPENDITURES COMPARED WITH BUDGET 5 5_ REFUGEE PROSPECTS FOR _ BBC FUNDING NEEDS FOR _ CURRENT FINANCIAL SITUATION 9 8_ FINAN CIAL REPORTS FOR SECOND HALF OF Table 1 BBC Consolidated. Income/Expenditure A/C 11 Table 2 BBC Income/Expenditure A/C with Donor Allocations 14 Table 3 Church of Christ in Thailand A/C 16 Table 4 Thailand Baptist Missionary Fellowship A/C 17 APPENDI X A BURMESE BORDER CONSORTIUM 18 a) 1984 Mandate / Organisation b) 1990 Ex tension / 1991 Regulations c) 1994 Regulations d) Member Agencies e) Funding Sources f) Programme Philosophy g) BBC Staff and Offices h) Programme Management i) Financial Statements j) Coordination with Refugee Committees APPENDI X B MINISTRY OF INTERIOR REGULATIONS May 1991 APPENDI X C THE RELIEF PROGRAMME a) Royal Thai Government Regulations b) Food Rations c) Relief Items d) Educational Supplies e) Refugee Demographics f) Purchasing procedu res g) Transportation h) Delivery i) Distribution j) Quality Control/Returns k) Monitoring APPENDI X D : SUMMARY OF BBC PROGRAMME 1984 TO 31 DEC

6 1 This Report describes the Burmese Border Consortium (BBC) Refugee Relief Programme during the second six months of 1994, and presents a revised appeal for funds for Although refugee numbers remained stable at around 77,000 during the six month period, this was a busy time with two emergencies in July/August and another beginning in December. SLORC's well publicised attack on Halokanee camp on 21 July resulted in over 4000 refugees being evacuated into Thailand for several weeks in atrocious weather conditions, and record rains in August caused unprecedent flooding and damage along the border, particularly in Tak and Mae Hong Son Provinces. These emergencies aggravated an already serious cash! flow crisis necessitating an emergency funding appeal for US$ 1 million at the end of July. This was successful, raising an additional US$ 1.4 million. Although there were hopes of cease-fire negotiations throughout 1994 a new emergency began in December when SLORC appeared to break a de facto cease-fire by launching a new offensive against the Karen National Union, exploiting a serious rebellion which had broken out within the organisation. The situation has deteriorated during the first weeks of 1995 with SLORC taking control of KNU teritory along mu ch of the Salween and Moei Rivers. Around 10,000 new refugees have probably entered Thailand but the situation is rather confusing because these are mixed with evacuated refugees and villagers from locations near the two rivers. Some refugees have also returned to the Burma side to join the Karen rebels. Potentially many more refugees may arrive before the rainy season in May since SLORC may also be preparing for a major military operation in southern areas opposite Kanchanaburi Province. For budgeting purposes, a revised 1995 has been based on a refugee population revised budget i s US$ 5 million which prices into account. e xpenditure projection of 90,000 for The also takes rising rice Thanks to the successful emergency appeal in July, the BB C carried forward a balance of US$ 0.9 million into Funds received or committed so far, including this balance, total US$ 2.8 million. Allowing for year end reserves,this Appeal is for the balance of US $ 3 million still required to cover the 1995 budget. As usual, Donors are requested to send funds as early as possible since expenditures are always higher in the first half of the year because of the need to stockpile supplies for the rainy season. The situation is even more accute this year since most of the new refugees have arrived in very remote areas.

7 2 The refugee population at the end of December 1994 was 77,107. Refugee numbers were stable during the second half of the year but this total represented an increase of 4741 during 1994 as a whole. There were two major emergencies at the beginning of the six month period when the SLORC 62nd battalion attacked Halokanee Mon refugee camp on 21 July, and heavy rains caused unprescedented flooding throughout the border area in August. The year ended with another emergency just starting as the result of a rebellion within the KNU, and a renewed SLORC offensive. In the Mon situation, the refugees were evacuated across the border into Thailand after the SLORC attack and for several weeks the NGO's provided relief assistance in appalling weather and very makeshift conditions. They were returned to Halokanee by the Thai authorities in September in spite of expressed fears for their safety by the Mon National Relief Committee. Since then however there have been no further security alarms. Flooding affected most of the border but was particularly severe in Mae Hong Son and Tak Provinces. Around 400 refugee houses were washed away, five people drowned, rice stores were damaged and personal belongings destroyed. Some camps were cut-off for several weeks but fortunately were sustained by supplies stockpiled for the rainy season. Speculation concerning cease -fire negotiations continued throughout the period and although the New Mon State Party (NMSP) and the Karenni National Progressive Party (KNPP) had no further formal talks, the Karen National Union (KNU) appeared to be mov ing nearer to talks towards the end of the year. The caus e of ethnic nationalities was supported in the UN General Assembly Resolution on Burma in December which called on SLORC to engage in genuine political dialogue with Aung San Suu Kyi, the political opposition, and the ethnic nationalities. However, the year ended in confusion. A serious rebellion broke out within the KNU in December and SLORC appeared to simultaneously launch a military offensive, breaking the de facto cease-fire which had held since April There was much speculation that SLORe had played a role in instigating the rebellion, but r eligious grievances and leadership conflicts within the KNU were e xposed. As the year ended there was no way of predic ting whether SLORC would use this opportunity to complete a military victory over the KNU, whether this would affect the alliances between the KNU and other pro-democracy and ethnic groups, or how this might affect the cease-fire negotiation process. The most likely short-term impact however appeared to be a new refugee influx fleeing SLORC's advances and/ or fighting within the Karen movement.

8 BURt' ESE BORDER CAMP LOCATIONS )IlTH POPULATION FIGURES. CHINA 3 ) UR NA Shan S~ ate L.~OS KA RE NNI Camp 1 Camp 2 Camp 3 Camp 4 Camp 5 Saw Kee 515 1,595 1, , on Hon0 Son Chiang t'ai THAI LAND KAREN We Gy i Kl Ka Htee Hta K2 Mae Paw Moo Hta K3 Mae Po Hta K4 Kler Thay Lu K5 Mae Ta Waw K6 Mae Salit K7 Shokl o K8 Kl ay Mo Hta K9 Kl er Kho Kl0 Kamaw Lay Kho Kll Mae La K12 Don Pa Kiang K1 3 Wangka K14 Mawker K1 5 Bawnatah K16 Hti Mae Po Hta K1 7 Meteroke K18 Hti Hta Baw K19 Hti Lay Pa K20 Tho Kah 5, ,899 2, ,429 3,535 8,499 3,224 3,565 3,81 3 6,274 2,907 4,389 5, ,648 1,128 1, \,;.=.:::::::-.. lu- Kancnanaburl Bangkok BURMESE/TAVOYAN BTl Do n Aw See 62, Ml M2 M3 M4 Ha l ochanee Bee Ree Pa Yaw Pra Chuab 4, 047 1,416 2, 200 1, 247 8,910 TOTAL 77,107 ========= ===

9 4 Background information on tional structure,is given in is described in Appendix c. the BBC, including the organisa Appendix A. The relief programme During the second half of 1994 the BBC team was expanded from three to four staff. Sally Thompson, formerly the Sankhlaburi field coordinator, was appointed to the new position of programme coordinator, and Adam Caro's position was redefined as programme administrator. This e xpansion was partly in response to the e x ternal evaluation carried out in March by Dutch Interchurch Aid (see the last BBC Six Monthly report for details) which suggested more systematic recording of monitoring activities, but more importantly to provide more scope for interagency coordination and to provide cover for emergency situations. Subsequent events have proven this to have been a prudent and timely adjustment as one emergency has followed after another. During the Haloka nee evacuation BBC staff helped with the provision of supplies for the construction of emergency shelters, and delievered supplementary food items, blankets and mosquito nets. Emergency food supplies, roofing materials and other relief items were also delivered to the flood affected camps in Tak and Mae Hong Son Provinces. In response to requests from the Thai authorities 300 sacks of rice were provided for Thai flood victims in Sop Moei District of Mae HOng Son Province. 29B sacks of rice were also given to Mon, Karen and Lao people living near the reservoir in Sangkhlaburi who were forced to leave their homes. These emergencies, plus escaluting rice prices e xacerbated an already difficult ca?hl flow situation and at the end of July it was necessary to launch an emergency funding appeal. At a meeting on 23 May the Ministry of Interior informed NGO's, International Organizations and Embassies of new policies for NGO activities on the Burmese border. The MOl effectively reconfirmed the operational policy set out in a letter dated 31 May 1991(see Appendix B) but announced new procedures for programme approval, quarterly reporting, and the issue of border passes for NGO staff. The MOl also announced that consideration would be given to the NGO request to provide essential sanitation and educational services. An MOIl NGO Burma Working Group was set up and two meetings were held in July and November to introduce the new regulations. The BBC submitted a programme proposal in July and received formal MOl approval in September together with staff border passes. The first official quarterly report was submitted via the Provincial authorities for the period to 30 September. SBC staff were also involved in designing a survey of educational needs fo r consideration by the MOl. It is hoped to undertake the survey in the first quarter of 1995.

10 5 The 1994 expenditure budget was based on the assumptio n that refugee numbers would increase t o 79,000 durir.d the year. Commodity prices and transport costs assumed were those applying at ~he e nd of Act~al expenditures compared with b udget were as f o llows : 1994 Expenditures Compared with Budget Expenditure Actual Budget Expenditures Food (baht) quantity (baht) quantity Rice (sacks) 69,000, ,000 68,623,119 * 132,551 Fish Paste(tins) 5,500,000 37,000 6,229,430 41,182 Salt ( kgs) 1,100, ,000 1,386, ,582 Yellow beans ( kgs) 1,662,640 84,620 Supplementary 1,500,000 2,116,440 Feeding Relief Items Mosquito Nets 2,400,000 17,000 2,627,044 23,421 Blankets 2,100,000 31,000 3,196,900 48,760 Other Medical 1,800,000 1,840,314 Transport of Supplies 4,400,000 4,225,268 Miscellaneous Supplies1,600,000 1,949,986 Administration Salaries/Office 2,500,000 2,653,302 4 staff Vehicles 1,000, ,754 4 vehicles Evaluation 164,137 92,500,000 97,641,968 * Includes 10,675 sacks of rice ($ 5,000,000) from an anonymous donor. Although the actual refugee population at the end of 1994 was only 77,000 compared with the original estimate of 79,000, actual expenditures totalled $ 97,641,968, some five percent higher than the budget of $ 92,500,000. The principle reasons for differences between budgeted and actual expenditures were as follows: 1) Food Rice prices were low in the first half of the year but rose sharply during the second half of the year giving an average price of $ 518 per sack compared with the budget of $ 500. Quantities purchased were close to budget allowing for the lower population figure and a reduction in year-end stock of 2183 sacks compared with As a result of the evaluation carried out some standardisation of rations which has increase in the amount of fish paste and camps. by DIA there has been resulted in an overall salt supplied to the

11 6 Early in 1994 a decision was made to provide yellow beans instead of fish paste to the Karenni camps since the paste was unpopular. It was also decided in ~ctober to suppl y yellow beans to the three camps with the highest levels of beri beri cases, Ha lokanee, Paw Yaw and Klay Mo Khlo. Thi s is for a tri al 6 month pe~iod and will be evaluated by MSF to determine whether this is an effective way of addressing this serious problem. Supplementary feeding costs were higher than e xpected partly because outs tanding bills of over ~ 250,000 f or 1993 were paid early in and partl y because the feeding caseload was s lightly higher than the projected level of 1800 persons. 2) Reli~.t....!... tell].. The annual mosqui to net distribution was ma de in April and this year more exhaustive attempts were made to ensure inclusion of all families with old and damaged nets as well as those without them. Extra distributions were also made during the emergencies and overall distribution was higher than budgeted. Blankets were distributed in October and the distribution rate was increased from two per family to one for every two persons. This increased the budge ted amount b y about fifty percent. 3) QJ;,I]gJ::, The main me d i cal expenses covered by BBC a,' e bil l s fo r patients transferred to the Kwai River Christian Hospital. These were in line with the budget. Food transport costs were also c lose to expec t a t ions. Miscellaneous items have included heavy expenses re l ated to the relocation of Loh Loe camp to Pa Yaw and Halokanee in January, a nd then the Halokanee evacuation and flood relief in July/ August. Miscellaneous items also include regu l ar rations given to illegal immigrants deported by the Thai authorities to Sangklaburi,and operational costs for the Safe House which looks afte r those who are sick on arrival. 4 ) Adminj,_.tLgtion. Administration costs we re about as e xpec ted. The staff team wa s increased to four persons in July and a new vehicle was purchas ed as budgeted. 5) Eva Ll!.9.!;.;i,.QD. Dutcll Interchu rch Aid provided funds for the u n budgeted BBC evaluation costs.

12 7 It has always been difficult to predict what might happen next on the Burmese border and never more so than now. At the time of writing (mid February) the situation described in Section 2 has already deteriorated considerably. The KNU was forced to abandon their headquarters at Manerplaw (near K3 on the map)on 27th January and since then SLORC has effectively taken control of the Salween River northwards to the We Gyi area. Heavy fighting is still taking place at Kawmoora (opposite K13) and the prospect is in sight of SLORC taking control of the Moei River all the way from Manerplaw to Mae Sot. Much of this area is very remote and there is a great deal of confusion as new refugees mingle with those evacuated from existing refugee camps along the river banks, and with Karen villagers from the same area. NGO's currently estimate the new influx at around 10,000 people, although there are also reports of some refugees returning to Burma to join the Karen rebels. The current security situation is dangerous. SLORC troops and KNU rebels have repeatedly crossed the rivers, raided refugee camps, stolen rice and abducted refugees. The situation is also unstable further south. There are persistent reports of porter conscription and troop build-ups in the Ye, Tavoy, Mergui areas, and since January SLORC troops have penetrated the Tanasserim River valley opposite Kanchanaburi. Some 1200 refugees briefly entered Thailand north of Kanchanaburi in January and the situation remains precarious. Refugee prospects for 1995 therefore look rather grim. When the original projections for 1995 were made in the last BBC Six Month Report refugee numbers were projected to rise by 6000 to 85,000 although optimism was expressed about peacenegotiations and even the possibility of repatriation. The situation now is that the total of 85,000 has probably already been reached, hopes of repatriation have receded for the time being, and further refugee arrivals appear inevitable. The ultimate number will depend on whether SLORC takes full advantage of its military superiority and makes further advances along the border,or whether political considerations constrain them. The issue of a possible SLORC assault on Khun Sa's army in the Shan States also remains pending. If a full-blown offensive was to be launched a further influx of refugees into Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai Provinces would also seem inevitable. The BBC refugee projections do not include this caseload.

13 B The preliminary budget of $ 96, 000,000 presented in the last BBC six month Report assumed a refugee population of 85,000 in 1995 and used mid-1994 commodity prices. As described in Section 5, the refugee population is probably already close to 85,000 and so a revised figure of 90,000 is now presented for budgeting purposes. Unfortunately rice prices have continued to increase and the following budget is based on a rice price of $ 580 per sack. Actual Revised Expenditures Budget L Food (baht) quantities._- ( baht) quantities Rice (sacks) 68, 600, ,500 88,750, , 000 Fish Paste (tins) 6,250, ,200 7,050, , 000 Salt (kgs) 1,400, ,600 1,600, ,000 Yellow beans ( kgs) 1,650,000 84,600 5,000, ,000 Supp.Feeding 2,100,000 2,200, Relief Items Mosquito Nets 2,650,000 23,400 3,000,000 26,900 Blankets 3,200,000 48,700 3,500,000 54, other Medical 1,850, 000 2,000,000 Transport of Supplies 4,250,000 4,900, 000 Misc. Supplies 1,950,000 2,250, Administration Salaries/Office 2,650,000 4 staff 3,000,000 4 staff Vehicles 1, 000,000 4 vehicles 1,000, vehicles 5. Evaluation 150,000 97,700, ,250,000 The revised budget is $ 124, 250,000 or, US $ 5,000,000. This budget is clearly very sensitive to actual refugee numbers and to prevailing rice prices.

14 9 Fortunately the emergency appeal for US$ 1 million launched at the end of July 1994 was very successful and the following amounts were received in addition to normal contributions ( total receipts are given in Section 8) : International Rescue Committee ( USG) loa Refugee Care (Du tch Gov) Christian Aid (ODA) Dutch Interchurch Aid (EU) Dutch Interchurch Aid Swiss Aid (received 1995 ) Norwegian Church Aid Di akonishes Werk Marist Mission Centre 500, , , ,000 80, ,000 12, ,000 3,000 Total US$ 1,405,000 As a result of t his, balances carri ed forward into 1995 totalled m 22,820,734 (about US$ 913,000). This, and funds already received in 1995, has enabled the BBC to deal with the current emergency so far without appealing for additional funds. Funds a lready received or committed for 1995 are as follows: Balance clf from , 000 Received Sw i ssaid Christian Ai d Dutch Interchurch Aid DIAKONIA International Rescue Committee 211,000 80, , ,000 Committed National Council Churches Australia (AIDAB)255,000 Dutch Interchurch Aid ( EU balances) International Rescue Committee (USG) CARI TAS Switzerl and 45, , ,000 $2,812,000 Allowing for a working balance of months operations), and assuming additional funds of approx imately US$ 850,000 at t he end of 1995 (two the 1995 budget of US$ 5, 000,000, US$~_QOO,OO O are required for Given the unstable situation the border, and the fact that first half year expenditures are always higher than those in the second half because of the need to stockpile supplies in the mo r e remote camps, a ll Dono r s are urged to consider their committments for 1995 as early as possible, and to transfer funds at their earliest convenience.

15 , 10 The following Tables summarise the BBC Programme financial accounts for the period 1 July to 31 December 1994_ Jable 1 presents a consolidated account for the entire BBC programme including all income received via The Church of Christ in Thailand (CCT) and The Thailand Baptist Missionary Fellowship CTBMF ), contributions made direct to the project office accounts, and interest accrued on these accounts _ Expenditures listed include all project office expenses as well as the expenses incurred by CCT and TBMF before transfer to the programme_ The notes to Table 1 show the breakdown of MSF's e xpenditu r es of BBC grants for supplementary feeding, a stateme n t of stock held a t the begi nning and end of the period, and distribution of supplies to the different ethnic groups _ Tab 1 e._6. presents the information in Ta b le 1 in a different format, a llocating individual donor contributions to t he main e xpenditure categories_ Table 2a covers the previous reporting period 1st January to 30th J une 1994 as given in the last BBC Repo rt_ Table 2b covers the c urrent reporting period 1 July to 31 December 1994_ Funds accepted for specific purposes are listed separately as designated donations in Table 2, with expenditures allocated appropriately. All undesignated donations are assumed to car ry a proportionate share of each of the expenditu re categories, inc luding bal a nces carried forward _ Should any donor require further breakdown beyond the expenditure categories given, this can be extrac t ed by usi ng t he details given in I,ieP_le... J. - Because exceptionally hi gh emergency funds were recei ved as a result of the July Appeal, there was an unusually h igh level of designated donations during this period_ Balances clf of undesignated donations are correspondingly h i gh, but as usual t hese will a ll be al located du ri ng the next s i x nlonth accounting period_ T _ab l e..._~. a nd Table_._4. record the income, expenditure and balances held in the CCT and TBMF programme accounts _ These include tra nsfers from CC T to TBMF and programme e xpenditures incurred direct l y by CCT and TBMF_ A4.d i _tc The BBC financial year is 1 J ul y to 30 Ju ne_ Audited accounts for the period 1 July 1994 to 30 J une 1995 will appear in the nex t BBC Six Month report.

16 Table 1 BURMESE BORDER CONSORTIUM REFUGEE REUEF PROGRAMME StAtement of income received, expenses disbursed and balances held for the period 1st July to 31st December Beginning credit balance ht July 1994 TBMP AIC ccr AIC BANGKOK AIC MAE SOT Ate SANGKLABURI AIC INCOME Through CCT : DUTCH INTERCHURCH AID DUTCH INTERCHURCH AID (EU 94) DUTCH INTERCHURCH AID (EU supplomonlary rice 94) DUTCH INTERCHURCH AID (DIA supplomonlary rice 94) SWISSAID CHURCH WORLD SERVICE OPEN SOCIETY INSTITUTE DUTCH INTERCHURCH AID (EU supplementary fcoding) BREAD FOR THE WORLD CHRISTIAN AID (O.D.A.) MARIST MISSION CENTRE ANGLICAN CHURCH OF CANADA IbrQugb_:rnME_. DIAKONIA ZOA REFUGEE CARE NETHERLANDS (DUTCH GOV'1) ZOA REFUGEE CARE NETHERlANDS (HGJB) JESUIT REFUGEE SERVICE COMPASSION INTERNATIONAL NORWEGIAN CHURCH AID INWREST B_,8_ C direct: INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE JESUIT REFUGEE SERVICE ZOA REFUGEE CARE NETHERLANDS AMERICAN KAREN AGENCY IN1EREST ON MAE SOT AlC INTEREST ON SANGKLABURI AIC INTEREST ON BANGKOK AIC RETURNS INCLUDING RICE SACKS &hi 122, ,343, , , , ,184, , ,620, ,872, ,023, ,874, ,026, , ,108, , ,985, , , ,205, ,289, , , , ,550, ,72 J.l 6 12,439, , , , , , , , ,743,561.87

17 EXPENDmJRES RICE : Karen North : Karen South : Karenni 47,343 sacks 100 kg ) 465 2,286 : Man 2,105 : Other 489 : Emergency 900 FISH PASTE : Karen North : Karen South 17,464 tins (@ 16 kg) : Karenni : Man : Other SALT : Karen North : Karen South : Karenni 111,170 bags (@ 1 kg) 210 5,850 : Mon 5,153 : Other 670 YELLOW BEANS : Karen 29,900 sacks 1 kg ) : Karenni 5,700 : Man 31,860 Rice Paddy : Karen south Clothing : Transport of L.W.R. sweaters and layettes Supplementary feeding ( MSF ) Mosquito nets Blankets MEDICAL : Bills. : Clinic NUSCELLANEOUS: Chlllis : Cooking Oil : Tools : Mats 40 48,540 Mainly K.R.C.H. Medical Programme 47 kg K.R.C.H. Road repairs 200 : Relocation Shoklo : Cooking Utensils Karen, Mon : Seeds All groups : School supplies Sports equipment : Roof'mg Halochanee, flood relief : Support Miscellaneous : Water supplies : Supplies K.R.C.H. feeding : Other Mon, Halochanee : Deportees Inc. safe house FOOD TRANSPORT : Karen north : Karen south : Karenni : Mon VEHICLE HOUSING ADMINISTRA non : Other : Includes purchase of new vehicle : 4 staff : Salaries, office, travel 26,639, , ,408, ,199, , , ,620, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,181, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,436, ,922,827.09

18 Ending credit balance at 31st December TBMF AiC ccr AiC BANGKOK AiC MAE SOT AiC SANOKLABURl AiC , NOTES 1. M.S.F. suppiementary feeding expenditures July to December Eggs oggs Vegetable oil 79 tins Beans kg Dried Fish kg Sugar kg Rice 61 kg 310 Sardines 384 tins Milk Powder B.B.C. opening and closing stock balances. 1ST JULY 31ST DECEMBER RICE ,420 FISH PASTE SALT YELLOW BEANS MOSQUITO NETS BLANKETS B.B.C. supplies and distribution for the period July to December KAREN MON KARENNI EMERGENCY TOTAL & OTHER RICE ( sacks ) FISH PASTE ( 16kg tins ) SALT ( I kg bags ) CHILLI ( kg ) BLANKETS MOSQUITO NETS TRANSPORT ( baht ) Includes the donation of blankets from C.W.S.

19 Unspent DonatJons FUNDS Relief Admin SPENT & Balance ".,,' AVAILABLE R<. F_h MedIcal " Re~ef Transport Com Period 30 """' UNSPENT S.'" S"" Baht Baht S,hI Eiah: Bahl Bah: S.hI Baht S.., 8... s.h! Sft CCT 0 185, , ,448 0 CCT 0 2,09<1,512 2,O!W,512 2.()I}iI,511 2,os.;,512 0 CCT 1.465, , ,864 1,465,864 0 CCT ,000 9,000 0 CCT 0 5,000,000 5,uoo,uOO 5,000,000 5,000,000 0 ConY'l'IltIee IRe 0 3,573,784 3,573, , ,449 3,573,784 0 Netherlands ZOA 0 876, , , ,863 0 r-lcome CCT ,055 2,419,055 1, ~ HiD,6S5 140,293 42,911 78,579 15, , , ,812 2,419,055 CCT 32, , , ,845 16,174 12,558 3,841 7,034 1,416 17, ,372 10, ,593 CCT 929, ,iJDO , ,459 31,972 6,438 78, ,000 CCT 0 252, , ,749 18,642 i4, ,194 1,650 20, ,085 14, CCT 0 2, ,052,540 1, , ,037 36,409 sa,673 13, ,235 2,052,540 CCT 363, 159 1, ,451, , ,253 40,146 73,516 14, , ,596 ccr ,768 41i ,545 9, B ll, ,933 CCT 0 2,OJll.900 2, ,3G4, , ,OG6 sa,100 13, ,778 1,920, ,244 2,034,900 CCT 0 2, ,671,959 1\14, ,207 "6, , ,B73 146,377 2,607,250 CCT 0 1, ,B ,112 23, B97 10B.362 1, , ,638 CCT , ,019 6, ,483 30, , ,650 TBMF 0 830,487 4()4,2S ,566 II 164 2OA , , ,497 TB!.!F ,1)4u I.B , ,700 CCT 0 74,500 47, ,321 1,322 2,410 <8, 5, ,183 74,500 CCT 319, , ,645 6,009 11, , , ,722 JRS ,116, , ,B23 1,057,-4116 SO ,436 CI 40, , ,557 5,064 9, , ,090 ~CT 0 1, , ,600 46, ,463, ,631,262 T8MF 0 11, I,JOQ,663 1,012,964 J09, ,242 16,485, ,456 CCT S!l, ,860 29, , ,16B ,495 CCT , ,05B 12 il2s ,545 22, ,B83 ZOA , , ,252 37, , , ,091,707 TBMF 50,305 9<5 '43 50, ,305 CCT 0 '. '54 9<l,396 5, ,000 ARC 0 'IB 111,982 1, ,000 CCT 0 '24 7, ,000 I TABLE 23 BBC INCOME. EXPENDffiJREANO BALANCES FOR THE PERIOD 1st,JAN,JARYTO 30th JUNE 1e94 NO Al0A8 FUNDS """!ERE USED FOR THE B. 3,839.50B WORTH OF SUPPl!ES IJIJHICH 'A'ERE DISTRII3lITEO IN HALOCHANEE CAMP

20 " Unspent OIl", Reljef Admin SPENT & Balance Riel!: Fish """, Medical Rel:ef Transport Co,", UNSPENT e.~ e,hi Baht e.hi Baht e.~ e.h< e.hi e.~ e.hi e.hi e.~ e.hi e.hl OONAOONS : Aid(E.U. I '94) CCT 0 8,620,958 8,620,958 8,620,958 B.620, ,620,9S8 Aid(E.U. 2 'S4) CCT 0 4,972,704 4,872,704 l.i1b,h6 1,218,176 3,6501, Aid(E.U. 2 '94) CCT 0 2,023, ,B44 505,944 1,511,B30 2,023,774 Aid(Evaluauor:) CCT 0 158, }32 158, ,732 CCT 0 3,026, ,210 3,026, ,026,210 CCT 0 1,108,384 1,108,384 1,108,384 1,109,384 1,108,394 CCT a 249, , , ,300 2oi9,300 IRC 0 12,439,800 12,439, ? ,545 1,243, , ,800 CCT 0 300, ,000 80, , , ,000 CCT 0 497, , , , ,700 loa 0 14,289, B.B23,150,,267,789 1,040,437 30B, , ,442 12,8BO , CCT , ,250,000 loa ,925 91,925 91,925 CCT 135, , , ,785 5,836 19, i ,812 CCT <4 4, , , CCT ,341 19, , \ ,573,667 CCT , ,617 9< B CCT 115, l41 13,157 7, , B I CCT G 0 105, ,0< , , ,460 CCT ,539 S,M6 3,487 2,030 4, , CCT , ,043 7,598 18,622 2, ,123 32, CCT , , ,377 CCT ,885, , , , ,142 3,345,757 4,059,899 CCT , ,433 1, ,905 21,314 a 21,3 14 TBMF 35.39a 0 35,388 5,81\9 4,041 2,353 5,770 '" , ,398 TBMF <1, 2, , , ,187 CCT 4, ,183 JRS ,999 6,285 21,410 41, , , ,070 CI , ,492 1, ,B28 14,652 52,0ge 201, ,324 CCT 147, ,409 16, ,080 3, ,5<18 147, ,728 TBMF sao.b , , ,627 50, ,259 2,457,809 7, ,186,352 CCT 19, , m ' ,327 19,327 CCT , {] , ,270 22,338 22,338 CCT ' 91' 241 5,814 ARC , '" "' ,027 (HGJB) loa ,542 15,089 10,426 B,071 14,B85 1, ,542 CCT , ',90 1 4,415 55' 1, '" FUNDS AVAll.A8LE TABLE 2b ' BBC ~COME, EXPENDITURE AND BALANCES FOR THE PERIOD 1st JULY TO 31st DECEMBER NO /IJOAB F U.~DS IAlERE USED FOR THE B WORll-I OF SUPPUES WHICH V\ RE DISTRIBUTED IN HALOCHMIEE CANP

21 Table 8 16 CHURCH OF CHRIST IN THAILAND BURMESE BORDER AIC Statement of income received, expenses disbursed and cash balances resulting from transactions for the period 1st July to 31st December B.lIIll Beginning credit balance 1st July ,343, INCOME RECEIVBD DUTCH INTERCHURCH AID ($6,305.80) DUTCH INTERCHURCH AID ($344,562.65) DUTCH INTERCHURCH AID (Dfl.342,610.33) DUTCH INTERCHURCH AID ($80,744.90) SWISSAID (Sfr.100,OOO) CHURCH WORLD SERVICE ($121,000) OPEN SOCIETY INSTITUTE ($10,000) DUTCH INTERCHURCH AID ($44,633) BREAD FOR THE WORLD ($20,000) CHRISTIAN AID (100,000 Sterling) MARIST MISSION CENfRE ($5,000) ANGLICAN CHURCH OF CANADA (C.$5,OOO) EXPBNS.E.SJ2I.SlillRSEI2 Transfer to Burmese Border Consortiwn Fax!MailjOffice Travel Rice School books Blankets and transportation 158, ,620, ,872, ,023, ,874, ,026, , ,108, , ,985, , , ,300, , , , , ,713, ,632, ,975, BBe vehicle registration/insurance 2, ,467, Ending credit balance 31st December ,508,191.93

22 Table 4 17 THAILAND BAPTIST MISSIONARY FELLOWSHIP KAREN DISPLACED PERSONS SUB COMMITTEE : BANGKOK, THAILAND. Statement of income received, expenses disbursed and cash balances resulting from transactions for the period lst July to 31st December Haht Beginning credit balance lst July , INCOME RECEIVBD CHURCH OF CHRIST IN THAILAND DIAKONIA ($369,426.71) ZOA REFUGEE CARE NETHERLANDS JESUIT REFUGEE SERVICE COMPASSION INTERNATIONAL NORWEGIAN CHURCH AID 21,300, ,205, ,386, , , ,550, INTEREST 58, ,260, EXPENSES DISBURSED 48,383, SUPPORT ADMINISTRATION 33,240, , ,243, Ending credit balance 31st December ,139,909.54

23 18 APPENDIX A a) 1984 Mandate / OLgi'!.n~sation. In February 1984 the Ministry of Interior invited groups of Non Governmental Organisations already working with Indochinese refugees in Thailand to provide emergency assistance to around 9000 Karen refugees who sought refuge in Tak Province. The situation was expected to be temporary and MOl stressed the need to restrict aid to essential levels only. MOl emphasised that nothing should be done which might encourage more refugees to come into Thailand, or those who had already come to stay any longer than necessary. Thailand was prepared to accept these people temporarily on humanitarian grounds. Several NGO's agreed to provide assistance through the Karen Refugee Committee which the Karen authorities had established to oversee the refugee population. To avoid duplication and competition, the agencies involved established a sub-committee under the Coordinating Committee for Services to Displaced Persons in Thailand (CCSDPT) to coordinate the relief programme. The ~.CSDPT KaJ:. D..J?ub ComJILiSJ;.ee met for the first time in Apl' il 1984 and has met monthly ever since. All agencies providing assistance or interested in the situation are invited. The MOl has attended on an occasional basis to share information and policy issues. Du ring 1989 the NGO' s we re approached by the!s.i'!lenn.i,.8j:l_lld.9s!e Comm~ttee to assist Karenni Refugees who had fled fighting in Kayah State to Mae Hong Son Prov ince. Early in 1990 Mon and Karen refugees also began to arrive ill Kanchanaburi Prov ince from Mon State. Another relief programme was set up at the r eques t of the I'1Q.lL t!.i!u9.d.". L.KEl.Li. f. j:::qm.r!'-~.t.t.e. Assistance to each of the new groups was provi ded on the same basis as that already given to the Karens, through the respec tive refugee committees. In August 1990, the Agenc ies informed t he Ministry of Inte r ior of these extended programmes and in November the name of the CCSDPT Karen Sub Committee wa s cha nged to the 9..CSDPT BU_!Jlla Sub._9..QJ]1lll:U;.tee to reflect the ne w situation.

24 19 STRUCTURE OF RELIEF ASSISTANCE Ministry of I nterior CCSDPT Burma Sub Committee I I I MSF,IRC,MHD,ARC, HI,ADRA BBC (95%), COERR, INTERAID Primary Health & Food and Re l ief Supplies Sanitation I Karen Karenni Mon National Province/ Refugee Refugee Relief District Committee Committee Committee Authorities I RELIEF PROGRAMMES ADRA ARC BBC COERR HI INTERAID IRC MHD MS F Advent ist Development and Relief Agency America n Refugee Committee Burmese Border Consortium Catholic Office for Emergency Relief and Refugees Handicap International I nteraid International Thai l and International Rescue Committee Malteser-Hilfsdienst Auslandsdienst E. V. Medecins Sans Frontieres - France

25 20 Although the Agencies informed MOl of these new programmes in 1990, no formal approval was given. In 1991 it was necessary to formally request permission from the Thai Authorities to provide assistance throughout the four border provinces. On 31 May 1991 the Agencies were given written approval to provide assistance under the authority of the Ministry of Interior and in accordance with their guidelines ( see Appendix B). The guidelines confirmed earlier informal understandings, limiting assistance to food, clothing and medicine, restricting agency staff to the minimum necessary, and requiring monthly requests to be submitted through the CCSDPT. The three NGO's which provided assistance under this agreement could be divided into two categories, those providing food and relief items such as mosquito nets and blankets, and those providing medical services. The Burmese Border Consortium (former l y the Consortium of Christian Agencies) was established in Several NGO's decided to pool their resources in a joint programme and to focus on food and relief item supplies. The BBC now provides around 95% of all food and relief items supplied to the border and the Catholic Office for Emergency Relief and Refugees (CO ERR) provides most of the balance. Medecines Sans Frontieres ( MSF ) was the main medical agency working under agreement with the MOl. c) ~99 4 Regulations For some time a number of other CCSDPT Member agencies had been providing services on the border in coordination with approved programmes and with the tacit approval of the MOl, but not with a formal mandate. During 1992 and 1993 the CCSDPT Burma Sub Committee requested forma l recognition of these programmes and for official approval for a n extension of services to include sanitation and education. At a meeting with NGOs, inte rnationa l organisations and embassies, on 18 Ma y 1994, MOl confirmed that sanitation and education se rvices would be permitted and also announced that all agencies should re-submit their programmes for approval via CCSDPT. A new NGD/MOI Burma Working Group was set up and meetings were held on 15 July and 1st November to establish new operational procedures. NGO's were required to submit formal programme approval requests,apply for border passes for authorized personnel, a nd to s ubmit quarterly reports via the Provincial Authorities. The BBC received formal approval for the programme together with staff border passes for 1994 on 28 September. All of the other eight CCSD PT member agencies with border activities were given similar approval.

26 d) BBC Member Agencies 21 Various agencies have joi ned and left the Burmese Border Consortium over the years, but contributing Members in 1995 are : CCT TBMF loa IRC JRS The Church of Christ in Thailand (1984) Thailand Baptist Missionary Fellowship (1984) Refugee Care Netherlands (1984) International Rescue Committee (1990) Jesuit Refugee Service (1990) The date in parentheses is the year each agency joined the programme. e) Funding Sources Each of the BBC Membe r s raises funds and in 1994 there were over 30 different Donors and individuals as follows American Baptists American Karen Agency American Refugee Committee Anglican Church of Canada A~t~l~n Council of Churches Australian Churches of Christ Archbishop of Sydney Fund Bread for the World, Ge r many CAFOD, UK CARITAS, Switzer land Catholic Relief Services Christian Ai d UK Church World Service, USA Compassion International DIAKONIA, Sweden DOEN, Netherlands Dutch Interchurch Aid Dutch Government Glazo Thailand International Rescue Committee Jesuit Refugee Service Marist Mission Centre Norwegian Church Aid Open Society Institute Refugees International Swiss Aid United Society Prop.of Gospel loa Refugee Care Netherlands Funds from the Governments of Australia, European Union, Great Britain, Holland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and USA are channelled through these Donors. f) Programme Philosphy The MOI/NGO regulations require NGO staff to be kept to a minimum and they are not allowed to live in the refugee camps (special agreements a pply to MSF's medical staff). The BBC concurs with this policy because the refugee communities are capable of running their own affairs. Minimising e xpatriate presence also reduces the aid-dependency observed in other refugee si t u a tions and helps to preserve the refugees ' own culture and l i fe-styles, making eventual r~turn to their homes less problemat ical.

27 g) BBC Staff and Offi ce~ 22 The BBC has had four fu1l-time staff s.ince July Currently Victor Neumann continues as Field Coordinator in Mae Sot responsible for Karen and Kare~ni refugees in Tak and Mae Hong Son Provinces. Ashley South is the Coordinator in Sangkhlaburi responsible for Mon, Karen and Tavoyan refugees in Kanchanaburi Province. Adam Caro is Programme Administrator a nd Sally Thompson is the Programme Coordinator, both working from Bangkok. The BBC was scheduled to move its office to 12/15 Convent Road together with CCSDPT on 1st February BBC will share an Administrative Assistant with CCSDPT and Church World Service. Victor Neumann and Sangkhlaburi with items. Ashley South have offices in Mae Sot and some storage space for emergency relief The Consortium member agencies transfer funds to a programme account held by TBMF. TBMF transfers funds to Mae Sot, Kanchanaburi or Bangkok, where the Coordinators purchase supplies and arrange any necessary permits with the Thai authorities. They also monitor deliveries and assess needs in cooperation with the refugee committees. h) Programme Management The Consortium member agencies meet each month in Bangkok. Policy issues are discussed, assistance requests considered, and the ongoing programme agreed by consensus. i) Financial Statements The BBC produces and, since 1992, a financial year is dited annually. monthly income and expenditure statements summary report every six months. The BBC 1 July to 30 June and accounts are auj) Coordination wi th Refugee Committees The BBC provides all assistance in coordina tion with the refugee committees of each of the three main ethnic groups, the Karen Refugee Committee based in Mae Sot, the Karenni Refugee Committee based in Mae Hong Son, and the Mon National Relief Committee based in Sangkhlaburi. Each of these three Committees reports to BBC each month recording assistance received from BBC and all other sources, refugee population statistics, and issues of concern.

28 23 APPENDIX B 31 May 1991 Approximate Translation RE: The provision of assistance to Burmese minorities who have fled into Thailand. TO: CCSDPT This is in regard to the CCSDPT's request for permission for humanitarian agencies to provide medicines, food and items of necessity to minorities of Burma who have fled into Thailand for reasons related to human rights,in the border areas of Mae Hong Son, Tak, Kanchanaburi and Prachuab Kiri Khan Provinces. The National Security Council raised this matter in a meeting of the governmental bodies concerned on 25 April It was decided at the meeting that the Ministry of Interior would outline a procedure for the supervision of relief agencies in the provision of assistance to minorities, according to guidelines established. Having considered the matter, the MOl has come up with the following procedure : i. Private organizations who intend to provide assistance to Burmese minorities in Thai - Burmese border areas in Mae Hong Son, Tak, Kanchanaburi and Prachuab Kiri Khan Provinces must submit a proposal to the MOl through the CCSDPT every time (assistance is to be given ). 2. The CCSDPT will submit proposals to the permission for relief agencies to provide following details are to be included: MOl requesting assistance. The 2.1 The quantities of goods to be provided. 2.3 The number and names of staff members involved. 2.4 The e xact period during which the assistance is to be provided, including the correct month, day and year. 3. The MOl will consider the requests and instruct the Office of the Governor as follows :

29 To assess the suitability of the location in which activities are to be carried out. The location must be inside Thailand. Activities must be carried out with caution and in suitable areas. In areas which are unsafe for relief agency staff, or where the security of Thailand is threatened, the MOl may withhold permission to proceed. 3.2 Assistance may be given to civilians only and there is to be no publicity The social and psychological effects on (citizens of) the Kingdom of Thailand in the areas concerned must be taken into consideration. If necessary, assistance will have to be provided to the Kingdom of Thailand as well. 3.4 Assistance is to be limited to food, clothing and medicines. Medicines and medical supplies must pass the inspection of the Provincial Health Office for determination of their suitability. 3.5 Relief agency staff are to be kept to a minimum and will not be allowed to reside on site. In cases where large numbers of personnel are required, there should be coordination with the Provincial Office so that Provincial Office employees may be included. 4. The MOl will inform the CCSDPT of its decision every time ( a request is -made), after which time permission will be granted for direct coordination with the Provincial Office., 5. If any relief agency fails to follow the steps outlined above, the MOl will immediately revoke permission to proceed. Respectfully, Nai Chamnan Pochana Assistant Deputy Minister for the Deputy Interior Ministry

30 25 APPENDIX C ~~~ a) Royal Thai Government Regulations Each month the BBC submits to the MOl lists of items to be delivered to each camp, and t he expected delivery dates. Copies are forwarded to the Provincial and District Authorities. The MOl sends approval to the BBC and to the Provincial offices who in turn notify the District authorities. Under new regulations agreed in 1994 the BBC submits the overall programme to MOl for approval annually, and submits quarterly programme reports via the Provincial Offices. b) Food Rations The refugee diet is essentially rice, fish paste, salt and chillis, supplemented with leaves and roots from the forest. Each of the refugee groups has its own method for calculating the basic rice requirement but in each case it works out at around 100 kgs/6 adults/month, which is about 550 gms/ adult/day. Children under the age of fi ve are calculated at one half the adu 1 t ration. The rice suppl ied is "Al Special Broke n Rice "according to Thai standards, packed in 100 kg sacks. The refugees have not until now been entirely dependant o n the relief programme for their food requirements and have shown commendable willingness to be self-sufficient where possible. Their support organisations still controlled territory on the Burmese side of the border, traded on the black market, and grew crops in some areas. By 1994 however, this was becoming increasingly problematical. The Burmese Army, was making e x tensive territorial advances, and most of this income was being used up by the war effort and sustaining t he population remaining inside Burma. Some refugees have also been able to get low paid seasonal work in Thailand and for age in the surrounding forest, keep small kitchen gardens a nd raise a limited amount of livestock in the camps. Gi ven this relative degree of self-sufficiency, the policy of the relief agencies supplying the camps was to aim to cover at l east 90 percent of basic food needs. At this level life in the Camps remained simple and poor, but not inconsistent with standards in their former villages, or in Thai v illages in the area. With SLORC mounting a new offensive at the beginning of 1995 and taking control of the border area it is likely that this philosophy will have to be reviewed. It is likely t hat the refugees will lose much of their independence and become much more dependent on aid provided. A careful watch has been kept for signs of ma lnutrition in the Karen camps and Medecins Sans Frontieres runs a s upple-